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VOL. |. — APRIL 1885 to MARCH !I886. 


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EDITOR: 
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NATIONAL MUSEUM, 


WASHINGTON, D.C. 


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MERIGANA 


BROOKLYN, APRIL, 1885 te aN 


WOE 


ANNOUNCEMENT. 


Experience has shown that the Entomologists of the United States 
have not been disposed to give that support, which would insure financial 
success to the various entomological journals that have been published, 
and the feeling among many, of late years, has been that in union there 
would be strength. At the meeting of the Entomological Club of the 
A. A. A.S., in September 1884, the desirability of a union of existing 
journals was unanimously conceded. 

Negotiations between the representatives of the ‘‘Bulletin of the 
Brooklyn Entomological Society”, and “Papilio”, led to an arrangement 
by which these Journals were discontinued, and all intention of reviving 
them abandoned. [n their stead, a new Journal—of which this is the 
first number—was created, 


The new Journal will be devoted to Entomology in general, and 
the support of leading specialists in all orders has been promised, ‘The 
effort will be to make it interesting and instructive to all persons in any 
way interested in entomology. | 

For many reasons the issuing of such a Journal as an individual 
enterprise was deemed undesirable, and the representatives of ‘‘Papilio” 
therefore became life members of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 
which has been duly incorporated. Provision has been made for 
a permanent publication fund which, it is hoped, will place the new 
Journal on a sound financial basis, 


aan 


The publication committee consists of the Editor and Messrs. B. 
Neumoegen, H. Edwards, E. L. Graef and F. Tepper; and the two 
journals are therefore represented in the management. 

The Journal will be edited by Mr. J. B. Smith, who has heretofore 
had charge of the Bulletin, and we are glad to announce that Prof. C. 
V. Riley, U. S. Entomologist, who has also become a life member of 
the Society, has promised his assistance in making the Journal a success. 

The proceedings of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, and of the 
Entomological Society of Washington, will be regularly published, and 
any other Entomological Society that will send us an abstract of its 
proceedings will receive like consideration. 

We ask therefore that all interested in the advance of American 
Entomology give us their substantial and hearty aid in our new enter- 
prise. THE PusiicaTion CoMMITTFE, 


Visit to an old time Entomologist. 


By Dr. Joun G. Morris. 


One evening, some years ago, while sipping tea with the family of 
a friend in his garden in an interior Ohio village, I hastily and uncere- 
moniously sprung up from my chair, much to the astonishment of my 
friends, and captured a beetle that was lazily flying by Well, I spilled 
my tea and dropped my flannel cake and tongue, (not my own, it was 
delicious beef tongue) but in the scramble, I secured the insect. 

‘You should visit Baron Jenison, before you leave Ohio”, exclaimed 
the lady of the house, ‘‘he @lso catches bugs and is a queer specimen of 
a big-bug himself, and yet not a hum-bug either.” 

‘Baron Jenison!” I replied, ‘I would goa hundred miles out of mv 
way to see him, for I have heard of him as a man worth visiting.” 

Having received directions, behold me early next morning on my 
way to visit a foreign titled entomologist who had settled down in Central 
Ohio. 1 had never corresponded with him, but I had heard of him. 1 
knew that he was closely allied to one of the proudest families of the 
English nobility, but he himself was a German by birth. For some years 
he had held a distinguished rank in the army of a German prince, He 
had enjoyed all the advantages of a German university education, He was 
a gentleman of refined manners and ornamental accomplishments, —he 
excelled in music and as a draughtsman he had few equals, His leisure 


hours were devoted to Entomology and his ardor became so intense, 


‘that, having procured a furlough from military duty, he went to Africa on 


a collecting tour and visited most of the museums and large private col- 
lections of Europe. — 

An unhappy disagreement with some of his family led him to leave 
his native country and settle in the United States; He abandoned _ for- 
tune and all prospects of preferment and came over with his wife as a 
poor man. He laid aside all his titular and aristocratic honors and was 
known among his neighbors as plain Mr. Jenison. 

This was the gentleman whom I was going to visit. I was quite a 
young man and wanted tosee and learn, I had never seen a live noble- 
man. Since that time, I have seen many with more names than dollars, 
and more titles than shirts. 

On arriving at the village where the baron lived, I did not at once 
go to his house. I was covered with Ohio dust and I went to a hotel 
and spent more time in making my toilet than I had done for months. 
[ thought my appearance should correspond to the occasion. The boot 
black said that if he rubbed anofher hour at my boots, they would be as 
thin as paper, and the chambermaid impudently asked me ‘‘whether I 
intended to wash my own shirt?”. ‘‘Is soap scarce herez’’ I rejoined. 
“No Sir, but it will be if you stay here long” was the little minx’s an- 
swer, as she bolted like lightning out of the room, just in time to escape 
a blow from my slippers which I hurled at her head. 

After smoothing down every hair and adjusting my cravat very 
neatly, much to its astonishment, I ordered a coach and two. There was no 
such vehicle in the village. I was told that I must walk. Walk! toa 
nobleman’s mansion? ‘That was vulgar but I had to do it. 

I went. The house was pointed out. It was not a palace. not even 
a splendid mansion; it was an ordinary house, very ordinary indeed. It 
was located on the muddy tow path of a canal; it was constructed of un- 
painted boards; pigs, fowls and dogs were enjoying themselves around 
unmolested. I thought my guide had made a mistake. My fancy had 
portrayed something different: I had thought of columned porticoes, 
massive gateways, a porters lodge and liveried servants. My courage 
began to rise, for verdant as I was, I was intimidated at the idea of en- 
countering a learned nobleman in his stately mansion, but if ‘his. resi- 
dence is so unpretending, thought I, his manners must correspond. | 
knocked. A plain, farmer-like man in shirt sleeves, stubby red beard, 
coarse straw hat, shoes innocent of the stain of blacking and vest and 
pants that had seen long and severe service, appeared. 


—4— 


I inquired in English: “Is Mr. Jenison at home?” 

‘*Yes Sir, walk in’ was the reply in strong German accent. 

“Please deliver this card”. said I. 

“Tam Mr, Jenison, at your service, Sir!” he replied, straightening 
himself up with an air of dignity and polished refinement that bespoke 
the cultivated gentleman under this every day guise. 


I was amazed and relieved. This then was the entomologist, Baron 
Jenison. I told him my errand in his native language and I was most cor- 
dially, almost enthusiastically received. There was the genuine German 
gush in his manner and in less than ten minutes, though he was twenty 
years older than I, we were on most familiar terms. We began at once 
and although it was before noon, I will not say how late it was at night, 
or rather how early next morning, before we parted. 


It was indeed a glorious day. He of course, showed me all his 
collections in almost every department of Zoology, and presented me 
with some of his unequalled entomological drawings. He treated me 
most hospitably and regaled me with everything his own larder and a 
neighboring caterer could furnish. He displayed extensive reading and 
personal observation on various branches of Natural History and 
entertained me most instructively from his exhaustless stores of informa- 
tion. I humbly sat at the feet of this Gamaliel of science and hung upon 
his rich discourse with rapture. I started questions and suggested diffi- 
culties just to draw him out and he spoke like a book. He had met 
with no one for months who could speak with him on his favorite sub- 
ject and he seemed greatly delighted. You may imagine what an excit- 
ing day I spent. The Baron was personally acquainted with many of 
the most distinguished naturalists of Europe and related many interest- 
ing anecdotes concerning them. He made me tell all I knew about our 
American entomologists of that day, when the brotherhood was yet small. 


Long shall the events of that day be remembered by me., It was an 
intellectual feast rarely enjoyed. he fina] adieu long after midnight 
was impressive. I tore myself away bearing many specimens of the 
generous Baron’s duplicate beetles and the profoundest respect for a truly 
accomplished gentleman and naturalist. 

Baltimore, Febry. 1885. 


Saya 


Synonymical Notes. 
By Grorcre H. Horn, M. D. 


There have remained for a long time in our lists species described 
by Edward Newman which have for various reasons escaped identifica- 
tion. Several of these are Cerambycide which immediately obtruded 
themselves during a recent re-arrangement of my cabinet. Having satis- 
factorily determined those not previously settled it appeared to me proper 
to bring together in one list all of Newman's Cerambycida. ‘These have 
been described either in the ‘‘Entomologist” bearing date 1840-2, or in 
the “Entomological Magazine” Vol. V, bearing date 1838, In the annex- 
ed list I have arranged the genera alphabetically, for easy reference, and 
opposite each of Newman's names the equivalent as now recognized. 


‘Those names opposite which no other occurs are still used. 


In addition to the Cerambycide, Newman has described a large 
number of species in other groups: these are also brought together and 
similarly treated. 

In conclusion will be found a number of notes referred to from the 
list by numbers in parenthesis. 

By the method of treatment here adopted, priority is established, and 
the excuse of ‘‘long continued use” can not prevail in rejecting an old 
name for a new one. 


CERAMBYCIDAE DESCRIBED BY EDW. NEWMAN, WITH THEIR SYNONOMY., 


Callidium zreum Ent. Mag. V. 393. 


=f antennatum ed. 
“6 cylindrides ed. 394 = Smodicum cucujiforme Say. 
Chion rusticus Ent. 23 == Chion cinctus Drury. 


Clytus humeralis Ent. Mag. V, 394 = Neoclytus scutellaris Oliv. 
Curius dentatus Ent. 17. 


“« scambus Ent. 79 = Plectromerus dentipes Oliv. 
Encyclops pallipes Ent. Mag. 392 = Encyclops ccerulea Say. 
Elaphidion deflendum Ent. 6 = Stenosphenus notatus Oliv. 

fe sobrium Ent. 30 = es sobrius (]) 
es mucronatum Ent. 27 == Elaphidion mucronatum Fabr. 
“ incertum Ent. 28. 
te parallelum Ent. 29. 
oe arctum Ent. 29 = KE. parallelum Newm. 
ee inerme Ent. 29. 
ce pumilum Ent. 29. 
«Glaphyra semiusta Ent. 1g = Molorchus bimaculatus Say (9). 


Heterachthes ebenus Ent. 9. 


; 


eG. 


Leptura badia Ent. 69 = Typocerus badius Newm. 
** nobilis Ent, 69 = ‘© velutinus Oliv. 

sinuata Ent. 70 = ES sinuatus Newm. 
aurigera Ent. 70 == “ zebratus Fab. 


bifaris Ent. 70. 
mutabilis Ent. 71. 
‘<  capitata Ent. 71- 





+s directa Ent. 71 = Acmzeops directa Nm. 

ch indirecta Ent. 71 = Leptura lineola Say. 
interrupta Ent. 72 = ‘* — subhamata Rand. 
Sstictica. Ent 72’ = ** octonatata Say. 
vibex Ent. 72 (8). 
allecta Ent. 72 = Leptura spheericollis Say (4). 
paupercula Ent. 72 = * a 


exigua Ent. 73 (5). 
hemattes Ent. 73. 
‘* nana Ent. 73 = Leptura exigua Nm. 
Methia pusilla Ent, 18. 
Obrium rubrum Ent. Mag. V, 395. 


Oeme indecora Ent. 8 = Oeme rigida Say. 
Pachyta Ione Ent. 30 = Gaurotes cyanipennis Say. 
Phyton limum Ent. 18 = Phyton pallidum Say. 
Saperda cretata Ent. Mag. V, 396. 
‘cana Ent. 12 = Stenostola pergrata Say. 
flammata Ent. 13 = Amphionycha flammata Nm. 
Spalacopsis stolata Ent. 305 (6). 
me suffusa Ent. 305. 
Strangalia famelica Ent. 68. 
Ne emaciata Ent. 68 = Strangalia acuminata Oliy. 
ae strigosa Ent. 69. A 
‘Toxotus dives Ent. 68 = Toxotus cylindricollis Say. 


se 


rugipennis Zoologist Vol. 2, p. 476 (14). 
The following other than Cerambycide are described in the Ento- 
mologist. 
Lebia russata p. 31 = Pinacodera platicollis Say. 
Plochionus amandus p. 32. 
Hispa Bacchus p, 76 == Odontota bicolor Oliv. 


s+ Ariadne p. 77 == Charistena Ariadne Nm. 

‘© Erebus p. 77 = Microrhopala Erebus Nm. 

fee LULOSp ry 7 — BE excavata Oliy. 
Hecate sp. 7.74— 3 cyanea Say. 


Cryptocephalus binominis p. 78 (7). 
Ee quadriforis p. 78 (8). 
quadruplex p. 78. 
lateritius p. 78. 
sparsus p. 79 (8). 


se 


se 


“I 


Species described in Entomological Magazine, Vol. V, 1838. 


Yrichius bistriga p. 170 = Trichius affinis Gory. 
Penthe funerea p. 374 = Penthe pimelia Fab. 
Pogonocerus concolor p. 375 == Dendroides concolor Nm, 
ee bicolor p. 375 == Dendroides canadensis Latr. 
Pedilus fulvipes p. 375 == Corphyra fulvipes Nm. 
SEU OlAxe 67/5) anon COllarisnsaiye 
SSIS ype 375) — ««  lugubris Say. 
Seecuttulasp. 3/75 == ss terminalis Say. 
SLU CUDEIS) pe aise as Newmani Lec, 


Myodes stylopides p. 376 = Myodites stylopides Nm. 
Emmesa connectens p. 376. 
Hypulus simulator p. 376. 
Cephaloon lepturides p. 377. 
Macratria linearis p. 377 = Macratria murina Fab. 
Ischnomera carmata p. 378 == Asclera ruficollis Say. 
Synchroa punctata p. 378. 
Bolitophagus silphides p. 378 = Nosodes scabra Thunb. 
ee tetraopes p. 378 = Boletophagus depressus Rand. 
Hydnocera serrata p. 380 = Hydnocera pallipennis Say. 
Opilus castaneus p. 380 = Priocera castanea Nm. 
Degrapha typica p. 380 = Calopteron reticulatum Fab. 
oe discrepansspaegoh)—— *$ 
a dorsalis p. 381 = «© ~ terminale Say. 
sé divisa p. 381 = ss fg 
Cxenia scapularis p. 381 == Ceenia dimidiata Fab. 
Eros preefectus p. 382 = Eros thoracicus Rand. 
“* ‘lictor p. 382. 
** alatus p. 382 = Plateros canaliculatis Say. 
‘© oblitus p. 382 = Eros sculptilis Say. 
Polaclasis ovata, p. 383 == Polyclasis bifaria Say. 
KRhipicera proserpina p. 383 Sandalus petrophya Knoch. 
Onichodon orchesides p. 384 = Fornax orchesides Nm. 
Necrophorus bicolon p. 385 = Necrophorus pustulatus Hersch. 
Feronia atrata p. 386 = Pterostichus permundus Say. 
**  orbata p. 386 == Evarthrus orbatus Nm. 
‘© spoliata p. 386 = Evarthrus spoliatus Nm. 
** —_ coracina p. 386 = Pterostichus coracinus Nm. 
** — monedula p. 386 = Pterostichus coracinus? Nm. 
‘© lachrymosa p. 387 = Pterostichus lachrymosus Nm. 
** — moerens p. 387 = Pterostichus coracinus Nm. 
‘“*  picipes p. 377 (9)- 
*«  relicta p. 387 = Pterostichus relictus Nm. 
interfector p. 387 = Pterostichus adoxus Say. 
ee rostrata p. 387 = Pterostichus rostratus Nm. 
Amphasia fulvicollis p. 388 = Amphasia interstitialis Say. 
Phymaphora pulchella p. 389. 





Sear oan 


LLanguria gracilis p. 390. 


Hispa Xerene p. 390 = Microrhopala Xerene Nm. 
‘© Philemon p. 390 = Odontota nervosa Panz. 
See sauGISHp ss 3Q0.— ES a 


Donacia cincticornis p. 391 (10)- 
ce cataractze p. 391 (11). 
oF rugifrons p. 391 (j)). 
Orsodachna costata p. 391 (12)- 
Ef ruficollis p. 391. 
se inconstans p. 392. 
Chleenius fulgiceps p 490 = Chleenius pensylvanicus Say. 
- augustus p. 490. 


MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS. 


Anchomenus picticornis Zoologist, ii, p. 414 == Platynus picticornis Nim. 
Hydnocera rufipes Charlesw. Mag. IV, p. 362 (13). 
A agra id. p- 364. 
2 curtipennis id. p. 364 = Hydnocera rusticalis Say. 
Khysodes aratus Chariesw. Mag. 1838, p. 664 = Rhysodes exaratus Serv. 
ae sculptilis id. p- 666 = Clinidium sculptile Nm. 
Cryptocephalus bivius id. 1840, p. 249. 
cs Jarvatus id. p. 250 = Griburius larvatus Nim. 
és Jautus id. = Cryptocephalus guttulatus Oliv. 
x limbatus id. = Pachybrachys limbatus Nm. 
ce mammifer id. 
as geminatus id. = Cryptocephalus lituratus Fab. 
es lixus id. == ?Cryptocephalus trivittatus Oliv. 
Be luteolus id. unknown. 


NOTES. 

1.—Stenosphenus sobrius Nm., does not occur within our faunal limits 
It is abundant in Mexico. 

2.—Glaphyra semiusta Nm , is that variety of JZ. d:maculatus Say, with 
the greater portion of the surface rufo-testaceous, 

3. Subsequently described by me as Z. mitidicolhs. 

4.—Leplura allecta Nm., is that form of sphaericollis with red_ thorax, 
paupercula with black thorax. 

5.—Synonymous with this species is Z. suuvia Lec, L. exigua Nm. is 
recognized as variable. The typical form is black, the basal joint 
of antennze and front legs pale; Z. mana has the mouth pale, also 
the front legs and the bases of the middle and hind femora; Z. 
saucia Lec., has the legs similar to zama, the thorax yellow with a 
large discoidal black spot; sometimes the angles only are yellow. 
In my cabinet is a specimen similar to mama with the head rufo- 
testaceous. 


a) 
\ 

L. subargentata Kby. Under this name I propose to include 
several forms which have been separated on co.or variat on. These 
are ruficeps Lec., similis Kby., and rhodopus Lec. ‘Vhe differences 
between these forms are given by Dr. Leconte (New Species, 1873, 
p. 217) the last named, accidentally omitted, being very like 
the normal suéargentata except that the legs are all rulo-testaceous. 

6. —It is probable that these are merely sexes of one, s/o/ats being the 
male, suffusa the female, 

7.—This is, without much doubt, that called by the later name dis/- 
wnctus Hald. 

8.—These two have not been certainly identified. 

g.—‘‘The type of #. pecepes Nm., in the British Museum belongs to 
this (s4igicus Say) species, but the description does not agree and 
seems to refer rather to P. sudmargimatus.” Leconte. In either 
case the name is a synonym and should be dropped. 

10.—This is the species known by the more recent name of /werda Lac. 

11.—These two seem to be forms of the variable cupruea Kby. 

12.—After an examination ofa large series of Orsodachne from all parts of 
our country I can see no reason why they should not be considered 

» as one species. There is even greater variation in color than the 

names now known will cover. The published names in the order 
of date are as follows: 


O. ATRA Ahrens, Neue Schr. Ges. Halle, 1811, 1, p. 46. 
vittata Say, Journ. Acad. iii, 1823, p. 430. 
armeniaccee Germ., Ins. spec. nov, 1824. p. 526. 
hepatica Say, Journ. Acad. V, 1827, p. 281. 
Childreni Kby., Faun. Bor. Am. 1837, IV, p. 221, pl. 7, fig. 6. 
tibialis Kby., id. id. 
inconstans Nm. Ent. Mag. V, 1838, p. 392. 
coslata Nim., ruficollis Nm., id. __p. 391. 
trivittata Lac., Mon. Phytop. 1845, i, p.,71. 
luctuosa Lac, id. p: 72. 
tricolor Mels., Proc. Acad. 1840, p. 160. 


From this it seems that our species has quite as much synonymy 
as has been admitted for the two principal European species. 

13. —Hydnocera rufipes has been placed as a variety of humeralis Say, but 
incorrectly, it is a much paler blue than that, the legs entirely pale 
rufo-testaceous and the elytra are densely and finely punctured. 

14.—This species has since been re-described by Dr. Leconte (New 
Species, 1873, p. 207) as Pachy/a rugipennis, he being apparently 
unaware of Newman’s previous description. 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, 2 


ee es 


On the classification of North American Diptera. 
(Second paper. )* 


By Dr. S. W. Wittiston. 


The limits of the two following families, as here given, are narrower 
than those now accepted by Osten-Sacken, whose authority in dipteroloyi- 
cal matters I need not say is among the very highest. For convenience 
sake, however, I exclude certain disputed genera, to be discussed else- 
where, thus rendering the forms given in this paper more certainly re- 
cognizable. In this, as in the following papers, I introduce genera from 
Mexico and the West Indies, wherever I can do so with clearness; such 
will be printed in italics. Genera unknown to me will be preceded by 
an asterisk. 

TANYSTOMA. 

Tarsi with three membranous pads at the tip (the empodium deve- 
loped pulvilliform); body and legs wholly without macrocheete (dip/era 
eremocheta Osten-Sacken); eyes of male holoptic (Osten-Sacken), rarely 
narrowly seperated; two sub-marginal, five posterior cells in the wing, 
fifth posterior cell not contiguous at its base with the discal cell; the mar- 
ginal vein encompasses the whole wing; some or all the tibiz with spurs. 

TABANIDZ. 


Proboscts of the male with four, of the female with six bristles; third 
joint of the antennae annulate, never with differentiated style or bristle; tegu- 
lae rather large. 

Species never very small, often among the largest in the order; never 
thickly pilose; in life the eyes usually brilliantly colored and marked. 
Head short, broad, eyes large. Antennz porrect, the third joint com- 
posed of from three to eight annuli or segments. Thorax not very 
convex, scutellum without spines on its border. Abdomen broad, 
moderately elongate or short, never slender or contracted. Legs moder- 
ately stout, the front and middle tibiz sometimes dilated, the middle 
tibia always with spurs. Veins of the wings distinct; first posterior cell 
(and fourth in exotic species) rarely closed. 

Early stages passed in the water or earth; larvae carnivorous; with 
a distinct head; pupe free. The females are blood-sucking, usually found 
in the neighborhood of pastures, in sunny open parts of woods, during 
the hot sun-shiny days of summer. ‘The males are much more rarely 
met with, and will be found usually in sweepings of meadow lands, on 
flowers, etc. 


* The first paper of the series is in Bull. B’kl. Ent. Soc. VII, p. 129. 


tt 


1.—Hind tibize with spurs at their tips (sometimes small). (Pungonine.)...2......2 
Hind tibize without spurs; ocelli absent. (Tabanine.)...........5..........-.. 5 
2.—Third joint of the antennze composed of eight annuli, the first of which is only a 
lithlesloncer thanwthe tollLowine7OMes.. :emmeietctemiels eter) tcl stele 1 tle haioe eercle 3 

Third joint composed of five or fewer segments, the first of which is much longer 
thantthertollowinesiocellijpreseme: .\....maeeperretsrenenl jst =e) ste «] bel sbeysieieieie/aeiaiede 4 
3.—Front of female narrow, without denuded callus; ocelli rarely absent.. Pangonia. 
Front of female broad, with a large, broad, denuded callus; ocelli present...... 
Apatolestes, v. n, 


4. —Second joint of the antennze about halfas long as the first; wings hyaline or with 


small spots; eyes in life with numerous small dots................. Silvius. 

Second joint as long, or but little shorter than the first; wings with a dark pic.ure; 
eyesunabie vite werlanger SpOlS . — “Raeedeckec se se clare are ayagier sche Chrysops. 
5.--Front of the female as broad as long; callus transverse; front tbiz a little 
dilated; base of third antennal joint not dilated............. Hzmatopota. 

LON teOleiemlale/MALLOW sr Gia cte'elorce tL), Save: sia stances memo rcvnie asictel se ols caehsta era ae 6 


6.—Front tibiz very much dilated; third antennal joint not strongly angulated above 


de eric . Lepidoselaga. 
ront tibicsnmoderatelyrdilated( face Short jyeeeiseice sore) eae te Diachlorus. 
Brontembieeno tea tl ated yee e i oho s\o 5, Semen Reeme he yc ictLS otal a elayerrtu abet omenementee toate 7 
7.—A small ocelligerous tubercle present in the female; eyes pubescent, more dlist- 
MTG asin Hn Mrinal ese eee stages hy snp cto alo: «) «oho MMeMatet suse fecerstagal Ney erat Therioplectes. 
Ocelligerous tubercle absent; eyes pubescent)... /..-..-.....-:..-....Atylotus. 
Ocelliperousstuberclerabsentsseyes abare. .. senceryaeiete lee ai-telcians eeelseaiacl Tabanus. 

- LEPTIDZ. 


Third joint of antenne simple; with a simple, or thickened styliform, 
bristle, tegule rudimentary. 


Rather small to rather large species; thinly pilose, with short thorax, 
elongate abdomen and large wings. Head short, eyes of male contiguous 
or approximate; ocelli present. Antennz mostly short, never elongate, 
the third joint with a terminal or dorsal bristle, or terminal slender style, 
Face small, excavated. Proboscis short; palpi slender, porrect, often 
bushy pilose. Abdomen elongate, broadest toward the base, composed 
of seven segments; the female ovipositor pointed. Legs slender, the hind 
pair somewhat elongate; some or all the tibiz spurred. Posterior cells of 
wings all open, 

Larvze carnivorous, living in earth, decaying wood, dry sand, 
in moss or in water. ‘The flies are usually found about meadow 
and low woodlands, on bushes, etc., and prey upon other insects. Some 
western species of Symphoromyia, according to Osten-Sacken, suck blood, 
as do the horse-flies. 


ee 


1.—Front tibize with terminal spurs; face without swelling in the middle (Dialysis 


Wallk:. iteste,Osten:Sacken),. a ea eeiee steietsne conta hte epi nate & Triptotricha. 

Hront tibizedestitute of terminal Spumcsmers tse i papi alcreicte a ese es sieeve rcpenane 2 
2.—Third joint of antennz, round, oval, or pear-shaped, the bristle distinctly 
fertninalive. ee kc oss 5 3 SSM eee, cits as VORA Cea oc ts 3 

Whird jomt kidney-shaped;, arista mlorerdorsal ye 22). c'est viejspsieete eee eee eles 5 

Spe A male Cel OPEN ya < - Siniele tere ss 1c: «, ofc aMReMeeRROROIC ey te. +s ateyetotelavens Laat ts ae uepus: 
(Amalicelleclosea': isch e tek peck ac 5-0 5 ela o rahe ohne eee oc nee ere nee 4 
4.—Third joint of antennze with a slender arcuate bristle............... Chrysopila. 
Third joint with a shorter, slender style.................... *Spania.*Ptiolina. 

ee ptr AGEL OPEN aie vies: u i's coe > <>. » hotest aLe et cte ni-gstaln, pia mini fete Symphoromyia. 
Atal CelisGlose dips ariis ctsetess Js. 3 & SERRE Oriel ake oe Fteiolelevetersesterer ner eee Atherix. 


Apatolesies, n. g. Q. Head broad; eyes bare, elliptical, angulated 
above, Front broad, its least width (at the vertex) about a third of 
the length, below with a large, transverse, denuded callus. Ocelhi 
distinct. Antennze situated below the middle of the head in_ pro- 
file, short, small, first joint thickened, but little longer than broad; sec- 
ond joint very short, simple; third joint twice as long as the first two 
together, only a little thickened at the base, cylindrical, composed of 
eight annuli, the first only a little longer than the following ones. Pro- 
boscis short, scarcely extending beyond the tip of the palpi, the second 
joint of the latter moderately taickened. Abdomen a little wider than 
the thorax, the sides nearly parallel to the tip of the fourth segment. 
Legs simple, the front tibiz very slightly dilated, hind tibize with spurs. 
All the posterior cells open; anterior branch of third vein with a stump 


near its origin. 


Apatolestes comastes, n. sp. Q. Black, thickly bluish gray pollinose. Front 
shining black; face whitish gray; palpi light yellow; wings with stigmatic spot and 
brownish spots on the cross veins; tibiae brownish yellow. Length 11 mm., of wings 
g mm, : 

Front shining black, on each side of the ocelli faintly brownish pollmose, below the 
callus, the first two antennal joints, and on the face densely nearly white pollinose; third 
antennal joint black. Thorax nearly uniformly clothed with bluish gray pollen, thicker 
on the pleurze; on the dorsum with sparse white pubescence, the pleurze with moderately 
abundant white pile; dorsum with three slender whitish stripes. Abdomen opaque 
brownish black, the first segment and the posterior margins of the following segments 
grayish and clothed with sparse white hairs. Legs black, the tibiae brownish yellow; 
front tarsi blackish, middle and hind pairs brown. Wings lightly infuscated, the 
stigma and narrow clouds on the cross-veins brownish. 


Two specimens. California. This species in size and general ap- 
pearance resembles Zaéanus pumilus Macq. 


Gen. nov. A female specimen ofa species, yet unnamed, from Florida, 


—13— 


may belong to a new genus. The species is the smallest with which I am 
acquainted in the family, measuring only 6 mm, and has the appearance 
ofa small Tabanus. The hind tibiz have minute spurs. The head is that of 
Tabanus (sensu strict.), except that there is no callus, the front is rather 
broader, aud the antennz have only two very small terminal annuli. of 
the third joint, the basal segment of which is large, only a little longer 
than broad, gently convex below and obtusely angulated in the middle 
above. The body is light yellowish brown, thickly pollinose, the wings 
hyaline with a brownish stigmatic spot. The eyes in life apparently had 
the upper half green and the lower purple. 


Noctuids common to Europe and North America. 


By Joun B. Surru. 


In the ‘‘Verh. k. k. zool. bot. Gesellschaft in Wien” 1874, pp. 273 
to 319, is a paper on the above subject, by Mr. H. B. Meeschler, than 
whom perhaps no one has a better collection of Insects from boreal 
america. From Labrador especially he seems to have sources of supply 
not open to the majority of collectors, and not a few of the species de- 
scribed by him are unknown to the American student. To the courtesy 
of Mr. Moeschler, who at the request of Mr. A. W. P. Cramer sent me 
for study a small lot of northern species, and among them his types, I 
am in a position not only to speak intelligently as to his species; but 
also to correct some errors which have crept into his article. As the 
heading to this article implies, I speak of the Noctuids alone, and more 
particularly of the species of Agro. 


Agrotis augur Fab. = haruspica Grt. Mr. Moeschler refers approv- 
ingly to Speyer’s note on this species. Speyer calls them varieties, nam. 
ing the american form grandis. Grote had previously named the species 
haruspica and retains the name as referring to a distinct species, and in 
my opinion correctly. Awgur is uniformly smaller and with very dist- 
inct maculation, and is distinguishable at a glance from its European 
ally. Not that alone would afford reason for their distinctness; but the 
fore tibize are much more heavily spinulated in the American form, and 
the genital organs of the G* are obviously different. In hAaruspica the 
side piece is wider at the middle, and narrows rather abruptly to an ob- 
tuse tip. The clasper is short, stout, with an abrupt curve forming one 
quarter ofa circle. In augur on the contrary the side piece is much 


——14— 


longer, tapering regularly and evenly from base to tip: the clasper is 
much longer, more slender, gracefully curved, and terminating in a hook 
curved into a semi-circle. These characters are constant and reliable, 
and indicate a good species, however closely related. The western form 
swerre@ differs from haruspica less than that species does from augur, and 
is yet a fairly good species. 

Agrolis sincera H.S. This species [ have not been able to compare 
with European material, but doubt its identity. — 

Agrotis Wocke’ Mcesch]. ‘This species has been hitherto unidenti- 
fied by American Lepidopterists, and is said, fide Staudinger, to occur 
also in Central Asia. Comparisons of types prove that scropulana Morr. 
is a later name for Wocker, and not for carnea, as Mr. Grote puts it. 
Okakensis Pack, is suspected by Mr. Meeschler as identical with either 
Carnea or Wocket, but without reason: it has bipectinate antennze, while 
those of Wocke are simple. I may be permitted to doubt the identity of 
the Central Asia specimen with our American form. 


Agrotis festiva vat. conflua. Moeschler speaks of a Q recently receiv- 
ed, and in his lot is a specimen marked var, conflua: but which is cer- 
tainly not that species. I have conflua and fesfiva, and compared with 
them, this species differs in having a protuberant, roughened clypeus, 
very heavily armed fore tibia, and entirely different genitalia. I have 
named the species so//aria, and feel certain that Mr. Mceschler has al- 
lowed a superficial resemblance to mislead him. 


Agrotis simplonta Hb, G. Mr. Meeschler mentions two specimens, 
and especialiy a ¢{\ which is distinguished by a rusty spot before the reni- 
form: this identical specimen is now before me, and is certainly nothing 
more nor less than a large ¢\ of Mr. Meeschler’s own species, dissona 
which is also in the same lot. Compared with alpine szmplonia which | 
have at hand the differences are so radical and obvious, that it is really 
a mystery how Mr. Mceschler could overlook them. Szmfplonia need not- 
yet be added to our faunal lists. 


¥  Agrotis Islandica. This Mr. Meeschler claims is found in Labrador; 
but not like the type form. Two specimens, one from Iceland, and one 
marked var. Labradorensis are in Mr. Meeschler’s lot. This variety is 
certainly the opfipara of Mr. Morrison, and in my opinion fully distinct 
from the type Islandica. I have seen numerous specimens of ofipara 
which showed very little variation, and decline to believe that it is a vari- 
ation of /slandica, which 1s closely allied to sexatiis or obeliscoides. I 
would much rather believe it a form of ochrogaster Gn., which varies 
enormously. 


—15— ' 


Agrotis segetum = txana Grt. This reference is doubtfully made 
fide Grote in his list of 1875, and ¢xana is not known to Mr. Meeschler 
in nature. I have seen both sexes of sege¢um as well as “exana and find 
them totally different. Mr. Grote’s reference was probably made on the 
faith of erroneous information as to the European species. I do not 
believe that segefum occurs in our fauna. 

There are eleven other species of Agrofis cited as common to both 
continents—viz: Chardinyt, baja, speciosa, C. nigrum, plecta, fennica, 
ravi, saucta, ypsiton, prasina, and occulta, and as to those I believe him 
correct, though all the references had been previously made. 

At some future date I shall have some criticisms to make of others 
of Mr. Mceschler’s original references. I would here simply call atten— 
tion to the fact that all is not done when it has been determined that 
there are no constant differences in color and maculation between species 
on both sides of the Atlantic. All those forms which are at home in 
North America are presumably distinct, and only the most careful com- 
parisons of structure should determine whether the species are really 
alike. A certain amount of exception to this applies in the case of the 
circumpolar fauna, and of species which extend far northwardly. ‘The 
great similarity of surroundings, and the extreme probability that at 
some time a connection existed between the circumpolar countries, gives 
countenance to the idea that the fauna is largely identical, and to this 
opinion I am led by what I have thus far seen ofthat fauna. 

As to Mr. Meoeschler’s paper asa whole, it bears evidence that the 
author is a firm believer in the identity of a large percentage of the Lepi- 
doptera found in Europe and North America, and his comparisons are 
all made with a view to prove identity. Too much importance is placed 
on color and maculation, and not enough on structure. Mr. Meeschler’s 
references, where they are original, must be carefully verified before they 
are accepted. 


> + ++ a 


Eyes of Insects. 

In No. 2 of the Journal of the N. Y. Microscopical Society, is an 
article on ‘‘compound eyes and multiple images”, interesting as well to 
the Entomologist as to the Microscopist. There is considerable infor- 
mation about the general structure, and especially interesting are the 
notes on the differences of size in the facets of some 7abanid@, and the 
probable difference of function. Mr, Williston’s paper on Syrphide shows 
that this difference in size of facets occurs also in that family, and also 
that it has some generic value. J2 BSs: 


SEG 


Water Beetles. 


Looking over several collections of Water Beetles recently, I was 
surprised to see how poorly they are usually represented. Mr, Roberts 
and myself last season took numerous species, most of them in large 
numbers, out ofa single pond, and in fact a very limited tract of that 
pond; and that in mid-summer. April and May are the best months to 
collect those insects, and any moderate sized pool in which there is some 
vegetation is sure to yield an abundant harvest. A stout net ring is re- 
quired, the bag to be of coarse cheese cloth, and the vegetation should 
be swept nearly to the bottom: not once only, but half a dozen times, 
In a single haul over a hundred specimens, representing ten or a dozen 
species have been taken. Rather sluggish ditches in meadows form ex- 
cellent collecting grounds. [Bess 





; Oviposition in Agrion. 

Kf Mr. McLachlan has noticed Agrion mercuriale, (“‘a very local British 
species”) with a part or the whole of the abdomen incrusted with mud, 
caused by its sinking its eggs in the mud left from the dried up pools. 
He is not aware that this species descends beneath the surface of the 
water, (Ent. Mo. Mag. Vol. XXI, p. 211.) Remembering the same 
thing, on referring to my collection, I find a few females of our common 
Agrion civile with mud on a part of the abdomen. The egg laying habit 
of this species is to sink about the last four segments beneath the water, 
generally on grass. I know only one species of North American Agrion 
to descend beneath the surface of the water, viz: our common A. exulans. 
I have noticed it a foot or more beneath the surface, fastening its eggs to 
the stems of water grass, and remaining submerged a long time during 
the operation. When a stick is thrust near it, or a slight commotion 
caused that will shake the grass stalk, it will let go, rise quickly to the 
surface and as quickly take wing. 

ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA, S. Frank AARON. 





In June 1870 I took about sixty cocoons of Sama Cynthia to New- 
burgh, N. Y., and there freed them. In August 1884 I found on Eagle 
Cliff, Lake Mohawk, some distance west of Newburgh, several cocoons 

_ of S. cynthia on Sassafras. These were evidently the descendants of those 
I had freed in 1870. Azlanthus is not found on Eagle Cliff, and the 
species has evidently adopted the food plant of its near ally, promethea. 

Cuas. A. A. Diirine. 


—17— 


New Bombycidae from Colorado. 


By Henry Epwarps. 


Notodonta notaria, n. sp. 


Primaries mouse—color, with the nervures, three apical streaks, and a dentate, 
marginal line, brown. At the base, from near costa to near internal margin is a clear 
and very distinct white streak. Secondaries sordid white, with brownish dentate 
marginal line, and a large brownish blotch at anal angle, enclosing a whitish sublunate 
mark. Thorax concolorous with primaries. Abdomen yellowish brown at base, 
whitish toward the tip. Antennze dull fawn—color. Underside of primaries sordid 
white, clouded with brownish, of secondaries sordid white, margins only brownish. 


Exp. wings 50 mm. Length of body 24 mm. Colorado (D. Bruce.) 
5 specimens. ({ Q. 

A very fine insect, undoubtedly belonging to the European genus, 
and in its general aspect recalling WV, /remula, S. V., and J. forva, L. 


Janassa lignicolor, var. Coloradensis, n. var. 


This is probably a new species, but for the present I prefer to regard 
it as a variety only. The primaries are however much less produced 
than in /. “gnicolor and the tint is grey, with little or no wood-brown 
shade. The coloring is more diffusely disposed over the wing surface, 
giving an indistinctness to the markings, and there isa great difference 
in the general appearance, difficult to define in words. The anal cloud 
on the secondaries is decidedly smaller, while the whole insect has a 
shorter and stouter appearance. 

Several examples. ©! Q. Denver, Colorado (D. Bruce), Salt Lake 
(Hy. Edwards). 


Icthyura Brucei, n. sp. 


Ground color of primaries sordid white, with the lines and marks, rich brown. A 
basal and sub-basal line, the former whitish, edged with brown, and dentate in the 
middle, the latter almost straight. Behind the middle is a broad brown shade, through 
which from costa to internal angle runs a clear white line, which on costa is broadly 
produced into the distinct white mark usual in the genus. Between this and the 
margin a row of seven brown spots in the middle of which is a brownish cloud resting 
on posterior margin, which with the fringe is brownish. Secondaries wholly mouse- 
color, Thorax sordid white at the sides, the centre broadly brown. Abdomen dull 
sordid white. Antennze and palpi brown, the shaft of the former whitish. Underside, 
mouse-color, with darker bent median band common to both wings, and the white 
costal mark on primaries indicated by a pale dash. 


Exp. wings 30 mm. Length of body 12 mm. Colorado, 1 <j. 

A very characteristic and distinct species which I dedicate with 
great pleasure to my good friend, Mr. David Bruce, its discoverer: It 
differs exceedingly from any form previously known to me. 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 3 


3s 


° 


The breeding habits of some of our Dragonflies. 
By Wm. T.. Davis. 


In the March number of the American Naturalist, Mr. F. E. Todd 
gives an interesting account of the breeding habits of some Dakota 
dragonflies. A species closely resembling Lesées unguiculafa was ob- 
served by him crawling down the stems of plants to a depth of several 
feet in a clear pool. 


I myself have observed various species of “mallet-headed” dragon- 
flies under water, clinging to plant stems, and once—but only once—I 
saw a female Aeschna go below the surface of a slow flowing spring. It 
was on the 21st of October and about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, when 
I observed this dragonfly partly immersed, but it soon crawled further 
down the stick until it was entirely under water and near the bottom of 
the pool which was quite shallow, This insect I have before me now 
and I take it to be Aeschna verticalis, Hagen. It isa bedraggled speci- 
men and probably was near the end of its days even if had notso un- 
kindly terminated them. 


Some of the species of Aeschna seem partial to running water and 
I have noticed many flying up and down a brook in the fall, but have 
never noticed the same insects about the ponds in the vicinity. It is 
probable, however, that only a few of the large headed dragonflies go 
below the surface to lay their eggs, as we often see them dipping their 
abdomens as they fly close to the water. 


Mr. Uhler says: ‘‘Zidel/ula auripennis 1 have often seen laying eggs 
and I think I was not deceived in my observation that she dropped a 
bunch of eggs into the open ditch while balancing herself just a little 
way above the surface of the water.” 


0 
_ Are Curculio Larvae Lignivorous? 
Dear Sir: 


Mr. Knaus, in the last Bulletin, p. 150, seems rather to enquire 
whether curculio larvae live upon dead or decaying wood, than to quest- 
ion their feeding upon the woody tissues of living plants. So far as my 
experience goes, it seems beyond doubt that, in addition to such genera 
as Hylobius and Pissodes which infest living plants, there are species 
which breed in dead wood. I have observed A/agdatis barbita oviposit- 
ing in fallen hickory (Carzya amara) and have taken larva, pupze, and 


—| ()— 


imagos of same species from trees that had evidently been felled more 
than one season. Acopius suturalis may also be found in dead stumps. 
In the following family Zupsalis minuia breeds frequently in old stumps 
and logs of maple, etc,, while in the Calandrid@ | think there are un- 
doubtedly lignivorous species. Cossonus platalea has been found by me 
in large numbers under the the bark of a poplar which had been some 
years dead and was partly decayed, The beetles had evidently emerged 
from the wood, which was penetrated by numerous small holes. Ayn- 
colus and Stenoscelis of this family also apparently breed in dead wood, 
I have taken specimens of S. érevis both from old poplar and from 
maple stumps. 
Ottowa, March rr, 1885. W. Hacure Harrincton. 


rrp + << a 


Society News. 

Brooklyn Entomological Society, March 3d. Twenty-six members and 
visitors present, the President Mr. Cramer in the chair. The reports of the offi- 
cers for 1884 were read and approved. Mr. A. Sallé of Paris, France; Baron C. 
R. von Osten-Sacken, Heidelberg, Germany; and Dr. John G. Morris, Baltimore, 
Md., were on motion of Mr. J. B. Smith elected honorary members of the 
Society. Prof. C. V. Riley of Washington, D. C., was elected a life member. 
Mr. A. E. Brunn was nominated for membership by Mr. E. L. Gref, and Mr. 
W. H. Danby of Brooklyn, and Mr. Eugene M. Aaron of Philadelphia were no- 
minated for membership by Mr. John B. Smith. 

On motion, the Secretary was instructed to offer to the Agassiz Association 
the aid of the Society in the way of determinations and in such other ways as 
might best further the ends of both Societies. 

Mr. Smith introduced Dr. Horn of Philadelphia, honorary member of the 
Society, and Dr. 8. W. Williston of New Haven, who had come on to attend the 
meeting of the Society. Dr. Williston was invited to sit as a corresponding 
member of the Society. 

Mr. Smith described a monstrosity of a <j’ Lucanus cervus, the left mandible 
of which was modified into an imperfect 9 head. 

Dr. Horn gaye a short aceount of several monstrosities known to him, and 
stated that the Lamellicornia were especially rich in monstrosities. The antenne 
were very often the subject of abnormal variations. Frequently there would be 
an unequal number of joints in specimens of the same species, or even in the 
same specimen. The Curabidaw stood next in the order of frequency. This led 
him to speak of variations of color and sculpture, and their value in systematic 
work. The sexual organs of the <j’ are among the most absolutely invariable 
structures, and are the most reliable in the separation of species among the Sta- 
philinide. Mr. Smith gave it as the result of his studies in the Noctuide that the 
genitalia of the (j' afforded the best possible specific characters. In the species 
ot Mamestra especially, every species nearly has a very distinct and peculiar 
structure. Identity of type always indicates close relationship, while identity of 
form in his experience, proves specific identity, no matter how much maculation 


=o 


or color may differ. The variations of M. olivacea were alluded to, and though 
he had separated two species on apparently excellent characters of maculation, 
yet he fully expected that they would ultimately prove varieties or races of the 
same species. 

Dr. Williston stated that the result of his studies in Diptera had led him 
to hold views in accordance with those of Dr. Horn. He had been much inter- 
ested in the results, recently published, reached by Dr. Horn and Mr. Smith in 
reference to the value of sexual characters. In the Diptera the range of color 
variation was very wide. Specimens of the same species in his cabinet ranged 
from clear yellow to deep black. They were undoubtedly the same species be- 
cause he had every intergrade in his series; yet some writers would be apt to 
make four of five distinct species out of them. Species should be very cautiously 
described on color characters alone, no matter how well marked they appeared 
to be. The time for indiscriminate description had passed, and comparative 
Entomology must now be specially studied. 

Dr. Horn then spoke as to genera. The variation of species was almost univer- 
sally admitted, and by the theory of evolution was explained. But genera varied 
also—they so gradually intergraded that there were but very indistinct lines of de- 
marcation. However disinclined workers might be to affirm their belief in evoln- 
tion, all the best work done was wittingly or unwittingly based on it. Keeping 
that as a guide permanent arrangement of groups of genera and species can be 

-made. An illustration was drawn from the Meloide in the highest type of which 
the claws were distinctly bifid, the parts equal, the upper portion pectinated. 
These varied gradually to the perfectly simple, single claw. by reasoning from 
the theory of evolution he sometime since predicted the occurrence of two further 
genera that would fill gaps left in the series by the then known forms. One of 
these predicted genera has been since’discovered. He confidently expected the 
occurence of the other. Mr. Smith spoke as to the generic divisions of the Lepi- 
doptera. The hairy eyed genera of the Noctuide especially afford an instance. 
Mamestra, Teeniocampa and Xylomiges though widely separated in the lists yet 
ran so close that it was next to impossible to draw a distinct line between them. 
Species occur which might with almost equal propriety be referred to either 
genus. 

Mr. Hulst spoke on this subject. In bis opinion nature must be taken as 

we find it, and whatever our opinion on the theory of evolution, in practice it 
would be found that nature had certain gaps that could be utilized in systematic 
work. The chain was nowhere complete, and with the amount of material that 
falls to the lot of the ordinary collector no trouble is experienced. He alluded to 
the inconstancies of characters used in separating families, in the (Geometridae, 

The venation, which forms the basis for the highest divisions in Lepidoptera, 

often in the Geometride varies essentially in one and the same species. 

The remainder of the eyening was spent in informal discussion, during 
which Dr. Horn illustrated three varieties of ¢j'\°f° found in Cryptobium. Nearly 
every species has these varieties, one of which, Dr. Horn calls a complete <j, 
another an incomplete <j, the third an imperfect ¢{. A paper now in press will 
completely illustrate these forms. 

The Treasurer reported the amount of the Publication fund $150 as fol- 
lows: Life membership fees from E. L. Gref, John B. Smith and Prof. C. V. 
Riley, each $50 = $150. 


~ 


oO 


No ole 
MERIGANA 


VOL: —-—- BROOKLYN, MAY, 1885. NO. 2, 





Classification of Hemiptera. 
By HERBERT OSBORN. 


Authors are by no means agreed as to the exact limits of the order 
Hemiptera or rather as to the number of groups to be included in this 
varied order. Neither are they agreed as to the natural affinities or the 
relative rank of the groups and sub-groups they place in it. 

Mr. P. R. Uhler, our best American Hemipterist includes in the 
group only the Heteroptera, Homoptera and Parasita, excluding the 
Mallophaga and the Thysanoptera; these latter groups have been includ- 
ed by many authorities and Mr. Packard still maintains on embryological 
grounds that they should be included. 

This being the condition, and as many more observations both em- 
brvological and morphological seem necessary to definitely settle the 
question at issue, we are forced to content ourselves with systems more 
or less artificial. 

In undertaking to present a synoptical arrangement of the group 
therefore, I shall not consider it in place to discuss these doubtful matters, 
but simply endeavor to present in condensed form what seems to me the 
most natural grouping, and that which will afford students the most 
ready means of arranging their collections. 

I have followed most nearly the arrangement given by Mr. Uhler in 
his chapter on Hemiptera in the “Standard Natural History” but am in- 
debted also to the works of Westwood, Packard, and others. While I 
have verified all points possible, | have in many instances been obliged 
to rely upon various authorities, well aware that the discovery of new 
species must frequently modify the definition of the groups to which they 
naturally must be referred, and while finding occasion to introduce oc- 
casional characters in separating the families, based on observations of 


Ge 
the material in my own hands, it would of course be useless and out of 
place to attempt to designate such portions, since originality can not be 
claimed for any such work, though the author may rightly be held re- 
sponsible for presenting the matter as a whole. 

The arrangement given is in descending order, but it will be im- 
possible to follow this in the order of giving the generic synopses. 

Including the Jullophaga and the Thysanoptera (Physapoda of 
Packard) we have no comprehensive definition of the group. Excluding 
these, we may say the H/vmipfera include those insects provided 
with a rostrum or beak formed from the Jabium and enclosing four ex- 
tensile setae which form a sucking tube, along with wings usually four in 
number which are either all membranous, or the fore ones partially or 
entirely coriaceous. (In Cocc? /@ there are two in the males only, and in 
some other groups they are absent or rudimentary in one or both sexes.) 

This group which we may call Hempiera genuina is clearly divided 
by the position of the head and the structure of the wings into two sub- 
orders, the Heteroptera and Homoptera. 

A third sub-order, Purasita, includes the suctorial lice infesting 
mammals, these apparently having about equal affinities for the two other 
sub-orders, but combining with neither in being wingless and the beak 
not jointed. 

The other groups are at present most conveniently grouped here, 
and may be ranked also as sub-orders though structurally there can be 
little question that they must bear a more distinct relation to the Hemip- 
fera proper. 

The 7hysanoplera (or Physapoda) are minute insects usually less 
than 2 millimeters in length; with four very narrow delicately fringed 
wings which lie flat on the back, with free palpigerous mouth parts, and 
tarsi without claws; the terminal joint being vesicular. 

The MWallophaga are wingless parasitic insects living on birds or 
mammals, with free biting mouth parts, antennee of three to five joints 
and presenting some resemblance to the wingless Psocidz, and by 
some authors grouped with the Pseudo-Neuroptera. 

It is intended to include in these synopses only the North American 
genera, and the tables must not be considered as applicable in a_ larger 
range. The characters also, here mentioned are those of most import- 
ance as related to the groups to be here included. 

Perhaps in no other order of insects is there such diversity of modi. 
fication in the several structural elements, and this diversity is accom- 
panied with extreme lack of constancy, so that the clear definition of 
groups is rendered difficult. 


—23— 

The ody varies in form from the most elongated and thread like to 
short or circular, from the thickest to forms so flattened that they may 
live in the narrowest crevices They are convex above and below, or 
flattened or concave above and convex below. 

The 4ea7 serves by its position to separate the two leading sub- 
orders but aside from this it is subject to most extreme modification. It 
is cylindrical, often elongate in Reduwite and Nabide, decidedly flatten- 
ed in Corvide and allied families. In the Homopfera the front is very 
often produced, the most extreme modification of this part occuring in 
the Fulgoride. 

The eyes are usually prominent organs, standing out at the sides of 
the head; they serve rather as land marks—by which to locate the other 
organs of the head—than as distinctive in themselves. 

The oce/’ are commonly present and by their absence or by their 
relation to the eyes serve to define some minor groups. 

The antenne are never particularly elongated, usually composed of 
few joints and asa rule but slightly modified. They run from filiform in 
the lower Homopéera to setiform in Cryada and allies: and are mostly 
filiform, with the terminal joints either slender or else slightly enlarged 
in the Aetroptera. Ina few cases the joint next the last is much flatten- 
ed and broadened or otherwise modified. They are truly capitate only 
in the Lrothede. 


The /aérum is usually very small, but occasionally with the clypeus 
furnishes good characters for separation of genera and species. The setae 
of the mouth vary greatly in length, but are of little value in determin- 
ing the relation of groups. 

The /aécum is an important structura] element, It forms the sheath 
for the setae, and is termed the beak or rostrum. It consists of three or 
four joints except in the Pedicu/idae where it is apparently devoid of arti- 
culation. By its origin at the front of the head indicating the horizontal 
position, or at the sternal border of the head indicating the vertical posi- 
tion, it serves to distinguish the Heferoptera and Homoptera and by its 
separation from or apparent union with the sternum it serves to divide 
the Homopfera into two minor groups. Furthermore the form of the 
basal joint and the comparative length of the joints are points of great 
value in determining relationships. 

The ¢Aorax in its modifications corresponds in general with the 
habits of the groups, whether aquatic, terrestrial or aerial. 

The prothorax is often minute and weak, again enormously deve- 
loped and overshadowing all other parts as in Afembracidae. It is trans- 
versely sutured in Reduviidae. 


eee 


The mesothorax contains in the higher Homopfera and in nearly all 
H-teroptera, a w2\l developed scutellum, situated between the bases of 
the fore wings Its form and size assist in distinguishing some import- 
ant groups. The metathorax is often reduced in size, forming a thin 
plate between mesothorox and abdomen. The /egs vary in size and 
length and in the structure of the tarsi. A part or all of them are ciliated 
in most aquatic species: they are strong and spiny in most of the raptorial 
groups: pulvilli are in some groups present between the claws of the 
tarsi. The zwizgs are quite characteristic. In Homoptera they are gener- 
ally membranous and veined, or the fore ones as in Cercopide@ and allies 
uniformly cormaceous. In the latter case they do not overlap at the tips 
but unite on the median line as the elytra of Coleoptera. In Heferoplera 
the fore wings are divisible into three parts: a basal thick portion, the 
corium; a transparent apical portion, the membrane, which is veined; 
and a portion bordering the scutellum, the clavus. In some groups, 
notably the PAréoconidae there is a triangular part between the conum 
and membrane, the cuneus, They usually lie flat on the back, the 
membranous portions overlapping each other. ‘The hind wings present 
less differences in structure, in both groups; but their venation is often 
important in distinguishing minor groups. 

The Parasita and Mallophaga as well as one sex in many of the 
other groups, and occasionally both sexes are wingless or have these or- 
gans represented by mere rudiments, In 7Aysanopfera they are very deli- 
cate with a very broad and delicate fringe. 

The aédomen presents many modifications of form, some of which 
are quite constant. It is quite commonly concave above for the recept- 
ion of the wings, but seldom so concave as not to be filled by the flatly 
folding wings. The spiracles are, except in Parasifa, situated below the 
margin. ‘The margin is quite generally sharp and either horizontal or 
slightly elevated. The genital organs are in some groups external and 
furnish valuable characters for separating groups, but more commonly 
they are hidden in both sexes so as to furnish little aid without dissect- 
ion and frequently the distinction of the sexes is impossible by external 
characters. In the higher Homop/era and ina few groups of the He/erop- 
tera the ovipositor of the female is received into a slit on the underside 
of the abdomen and serves to readily distinguish the sexes and affords 
useful characters in systematic arrangement. 

The following analytical tables will assist in placing the various sub- 
groups, and also show the arrangement which seems to me at present 
most satisfactory, 

In the synopses of families many groups are given that rank for 


convenience, which by good authorities, and very properly I think, are 
given the rank of super-families. These groups will be discussed more 
particularly along with the characters of sub family and generic import- 
ance in the synoptical tables of genera, which it is intended shall follow 
this paper. 


SYNOPSIS OF SUB-ORDERS. 


A.—Labium forming a beak and enclosing setz. 
%.--Labium jointed, spiracles inferior, wings usually present. 
(.—Head horizontal, beak arising anteriorly, fore wings, coriaceous at base..... 


Heteroptera. 

OC. —Head vertical, beak arising postero-inferiorly, Wings uniformly membran- 
OQUSIOMCOWACCOUSHIasnecnschuacd! — vaiseumbteneuateut ateece tila Homoptera. 

6 &.—Labium not jointed, spiracles superior. Wings always absent..... Parasita. 


AA.—Labiwm not forming a beak, mouth parts free. 
B.—Wings present, narrow, delicately fringed; tarsi vesicular (frequenting 


IMLOSSOMNS)) fe eyenk seine ercs tel oars eieco 2) a SPORES Ae tries Thysanoptera. 
BB.—Wings never present; tarsi with claws. (Parasites on birds and mammals)... 
Mallophaga. 


SYNOPSIS OF FAMILIES, 


HETEROPTERA. 
* ANTENNAE ALWAYS PROMINENT. 
{ Legs ordinary, adapted to terrestrial life. Never inhabiting water or wet places. 
A.—Head usually flattened or triangular, closely joined to body, often immersed to 


the eyes, basal joint of the rostrum straight. 
B.— Bodies usually rather thick and flattened or convex above, convex below. 


C,—Ocelli usually conspicuous. ° 
D.—Scutellum very large. 
E.—Scutellum quite convex, covering nearly the whole abdomen...... 
Scutelleridae, 
EE.—Scutellum nearly flat, attenuated posteriorly.... .... Penlatomidae. 


DD.—Scutellum ordinary. — 
F.— Antennz inserted above a line drawn from eyes to base of beak... . 





Coreidae. 
FF. —Antenne inserted on or below lateral margin of head and on a line 
drawnitkomy\eyes;to) base of beaksapeyascle-iis-s's 214s Lygaeidae. 
OO,—Ocelli absent or inconspicuous. Bodies rather soft. 
G.-—Terminal joint of antennz not slender..........Pyrrhocoridae. 
GG.— Ke fie ‘« Jong and slender......Phytocoridae. 
BB.—Bodies decidedly flattened or else decidedly concave above, beak 3-jointed. 

H,—Antenne tapering. Body very flat.............. Cimicidae. 

HH.—Antenne enlarging at tip or clubbed. 
J.—Wings more than covering abdomen, gauze like........ 


Tingitidae. 


-—26— 


[[.---Wings not covering the abdomen. 
J.—Margins of thorax and abdomen elevated, angular, head not 


flattened...) Ha eet sae ailerons. tos reas eee Phymatidae. 
JJ.—Thorax and abdomen exceedingly depressed, (live under 
bark)... |) Sareea erie ere eiiee ornare oie sears Leth ose eaAtaAdiGae. 


AA,.—Head cylindrical, distinctly separate from body, base of rostrum curved. An- 
tenn usually tapering, prothorax with transverse suture. 
Ke —Rostrumplon cams ender. sr gee her ee ener . Nabidae. 
Keke Rostrumeshouteestouty sc 5 ceueeeieeier Reduviidae. 
** ANTENNAE (EXCEPT IN GALGULIDAE) PROMINENT. 
tt Leys usually very long and slender, the tarsi variously modified for locomotion on 


surface of water or life in marshy places. 


A,—Antenn very conspicuous. 


Bea Amtennce slender. | Bodies lineapaeeer nn ieasen ccc se ta: Hydrometridae. 
BB.— Antenne short and thick or with basal joint stout and outer joints slender..... 
Velliidae. 

BBB.—Antenne long, conspicuous. 
C, —Ocelli and scutellum apparently absent........ sa Mage ote Hydrobatidae. 
CG == @celligoyesentsisize Small 1 peceterterteie tele eeleiiet ierei ella en Saldidae. 
AA,—Antenne inconspicuous, ocelli present..... whistle esters Shas Pear aes Galgulidae. 


#2 ANTENNAE ALWAYS CONCEALED IN CAVITIES OF THE HEAD, 
ttt Legs often ciliated. (Aquatic forms.) 


A,-—Head inserted in prothorax, fore tarsi normal. 
B.-—Bouies flat oval or ovate. 


@3=Withouticaudallisetes. 5... se Breton tetoys ot toioe oot a sleee ee Nalcoridae: 
OC.—With strap-like caudal appendage....... See erer tebe eee 
BB.—Bodies flat, oval, ovate or elongated, with tare respiratory caudal setze...... 
Nepidae. 
BBB. —Bodies thick, usually soft, convex above............,........Notonectidae. 
AA,—Head overlapping the prothoiax, fore tarsi flattened and ciliated... .Corisidae. 
HOMOPTERA. 


* BEAK DISTINCTLY SEPARATE FROM STERNUM. 
Tarsi three-jointed. Antennce minute, setiform. 


A,— Wings more or less opaque, usually narrow, sometimes very broad. 
B,—Prothorax well developed. Antennze plated between the eyes. Scutellum 


triangular. 
C.-—Bodies usually rather slender, front little, if any, produced or carinated. 
D.—Ocelli on vertex........ Jem Ree tees cot Zeakalaye peterson Tettigonidae. 
DD.-—Ocelli‘on front..... on 6 SRE Ubeste bea secatin cite atte phe tad bree Jassidae. 


CC.—Bodies usually stout, ocelli on vertex, front usually carinate.... Cercopidae. 
BB.—Prothorax weak, often but slightly developed, antennze and ocelli placed 
beneath the eyes, front often produced, scutellum inconspicuous.. Fulgoridae. 

AA.— Wings entirely membranous, strongly veined. 
D.—Prothorax normal, not coyering wings. Wings broad, size large, males 
LOC CE EMEA s\n 5 bon hada vdodoNsdargde Lowa oe Cicadidae. 
DD,—Prothorax greatly enlarged, covering the wings and often the entire body 
Seety hea se iepexspsi ve) hl ete alae cess Uliehetels ies aes bho «vl LEI DRACtaas 


4k BEAK APPARENTLY ARISING FROM STERNUM. 
Tarsi one- or two-jointed. All of small size. Antennce prominent, usually filiform. 


A,—Tarsi usually 2-jointed, wings, when present, four. 
B.—Beak 3 or 4-jointed, 


Ge AntennceplO-|Oimlediee verserken c=: sce ae eenetsiierael rele sral ities Psyllidae. 
OG Amtennize sto) 7-JOmMted an ees esos  s cmatee et cee oe ia eer Aphididae. 
pe ealkea =| Ola te Gnas Semi it le esc «ere) sete Wiese hie Wace a DY TOGIGae. 


AA. —Tarsi one-jointed. Males with two wings, females never winged. Enclosed 
in waxy scales closely adherent to bark or leaves, or clothed with cottony down. 


Bis nea eee rere ors Mad eforyaicr) 6 sc, +" = esa RRR Ea To raion tabeteie eae Coccidae. 
PARASITA. 
The American species are contained in one family............. 0.0005 Pediculidae. 
MALLOPHAGA. 

A.—Antenne filiform. Maxillary palpi absent, tarsi short........ Philopteridae. 
AA.-—Antenne capitate. Maxillary palpi conspicuous, tarsi long....... Liotheidae. 
THYSANOPTERA. 
juecevareiconvementlyacrouped injone! family... Souemeceeee eee cece Thripidae. 


——_—_———=t > +--+ a ______. 


An abnormal Lucanus cervus * 

At the January meeting of the Society Mr, L. C. Schenk exhibited 
a § specimen of Lucanus cervus with apparently somewhat aborted man- 
dibles. It seemed at first as if here was only a case of accidental injury 
in an early stage; but more careful study has developed a very interesting 
malformation. In size the specimen ratner exceeds the average <j of 
cervus, and up to the head, is normal. ‘The right side of the head to the 
mandible, is normal, the antenna complete. The mandible is distorted, 
lacking the teeth, and the point bent inwardly and joining the front under 
the labrum. It is perfectly immobile, and forms an irregular loop. 
The left side of the head is shorter than the right; but retains the 
normal sculpture to the front. The antenna is aborted, the basal joint 
much shorter than that of the opposite side, the remaining joints irregu- 
lar, the club wanting. The eye is irregular in shape, and somewhat 
flattened. ‘The front is oblique, the clypeus twisted sideways by the 
right mandible. ‘The left mandible is wanting, its place occupied by an 
imperfect female head, with two perfect though immobile mandibles. The 
palpi and labrum are aborted and form a queer intergrade between <j 
and Q and appear partly to belong to the (J and partly to the Q head. 
The palpi are hardly half the length of those of a normal d'. Altogether 
this is the most remarkable abnormity it has been my fortune to see. J.B.S. 


* Read before the Brook], Ent. Soc. March 1885, 


Tase 


Synopses of Cerambycidae * 
By Cuartes W. Lene, B. S. 
GNAPHALODES, Thoms. 

A species belonging to this genus has occured in Texas, It should 
be placed before Chzon with the following definition: 

Prothorax with lateral spine behind the middle; antenne densely fring- 
ed beneath, inner angle of joints 4-7 spinose; elytra bispinose at tip, episterna 
of metathorax wide, scent pores distinct. 

The scutellum is triangular, larger than in Chzon, and the eyes are 
less coarsely granulated; the prosternum is perpendicular behind, and the 
mesosternum convex. ‘The body is brown, uniformly clothed with gray 
brown pubescence, paler and more dense on the scutellum. The species 
may be considered an occasional visitor rather than a permanent addi- 
tion to our fauna. 

G. trachyderoides Thoms. Class. Long. p. 236; acuticornis Chey. Dej. Cat. 
page 152. 

CHION, Newm. 

Contains one species, a large grayish brown insect with rounded 
prothorax, spined at sides and bispinose elytra. It varies greatly in color 
and may or may not bear a yeliowish arcuate blotch on each elytron be- 
fore the middle. Length 25—37 mm. = 1—1.5 inches. Hab. America 
borealis. 

Cy cinctus;.Mrury, lll; 2, 1773-elnds L pass, t 37. tO. lance luayemeluass 
$1; ruricola Gmel. ed Linn. I, 4, p. 1860; rusticus Fab. Sp. Ins. I, 228;  balteatus 
Deg. Mem. V, 111, t. 14, f: 3; garganicus Fab. Syst. Ent. 178; 4g spinosus Hald. 
ir yAm such S0C.pkoe32. 

EBURIA, Serv. 

Contains several species of moderate size readily distinguished by 
the two pairs of ivory spots on the elytra. We reproduce the Synopsis 
offered by Dr. Leconte in 1873, and published in S.M.C., No. 264. 
A.—Middle and hind femora produced at tip into two acute spines; elytra bispinose 

at tip; 

a.— Front coxz not angulated. fissure completely closed; prothorax abruptly con- 
stricted before and behind, tuberculate and strongly armed on the sides: color 
piceous; 

Body glabrous above, slightly pubescent beneath, prothorax feebly grossly 
punctured, elytra with very small ivory spots of which the medial pair and 
the outer basal one are frequently wanting...................... Ulkei. 

Body densely and finely pubescent, prothorax with a few very large punct- 


ures; elytral spots small, distant, outer basal one sometimes wanting, ely- 
tral’spmes small. -». .:. . ..2)..Qanneaets kta ae eerie ol nee stigmatica. 





* Synopses of the preceding genera will be found in the Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. 
Vol. VII. 


—29— 


b.—Front cox angulated; prothorax densely and coarsely punctured, sides sub- 

tuberculate in front, lateral spine small, acute, dorsal callosities denuded, 
color testaceous; 

Lateral tubercle of prothorax very distinct; elytra with outer spine shorter, 


nae MNO 5 OLS Sa e. oy Blea eBInod ao Salo oo addadeb wapodus Haldemani. 
Lateral tubercle of prothorax feeble, elytra with outer spine longer, and ivory 
SOUS PLANE pein a siep atc yeavareisto slo's sleiapeeciersiereeneyeney Fohteea Ake ers 4-geminata. 


c.—Front coxz angulated; prothorax densely and finely punctured, transversely 
impressed before and behind the middle, lateral spine acute, color testaceous; 

Ivory spots very unequal, thoracic spine strong....... eyeke era stigma. 

Ivory spots equal, large; thoracic spine very small, (nce al spines very long. 

Sete Pb elie LE mT celestial ofaiicns fsn0\ es aio epoharepetene te tenctet Vlei ode ho eevee distincta. 

B.—Femora with short apical spines; elytra obliquely truncate inwards at tip, pro- 

thorax coarsely and densely punctured, rounded on the sides, with two denuded 
dorsal callosities; color testaceous; front coxee distinctly angulated. 

sony cpotsvomeliy trained Wall ye tte ers/s\ 2-15) oc eeketertole eNche ye) totetevatonted Stet okst ovicollis. 

C.—Femora without spines, apical angles obtuse; elytra transversely subtruncate; pro- 

thorax with four dorsal callosities before the middle, lateral spine very small; front 

coxe not angulated; 
Abdomen densely, but equally and less finely punctured; sides of prothorax much 


rounded in front of the spine, ivory spots small..................... tumida. 
Abdomen unequally punctured, sides of prothorax very feebly rounded in front; 
Ivory Spots geminate, apex of elytra truncate! jo 0.00.5. ke. Yee mutica. 


Ivory spots single, apex of elytra nearly rounded, with a small sutural spine... 


E. Ulkei Bland, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., I, 270. 
Length 27 mm. = 1.08 inch. Hab. Lower Cal. 


E. stigmatica Chevr. Col. Mex. fasc. 3, 1834, No. 60; perforata Lec. S.M.C. 
No. 264, p. 180." 

Length 23—30 mm. = .g2--1.20 inch. Hab. Tex. 

E. Haldemani Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 102. 

Length 19—30 mm. =s.75 to 1.20 mch. Hab. Texas, Florida. 

Ba4=Peminatarsay wea Voie. 1O27, pa27saaleec a) Aub. isermi2. Ulan mr 
Chev, Ann. Fr, 1862, p. 265. 

Length 23—30 mm. = .go—1.20 inch. Hab. Atlantic States. 

E. stigma Oliv. Ent. IV, 67, p. 126, t. 23, f. 180. 

Length 18.5 mm. = .70 inch. Hab. Cuba, Florida. 

E. distincta Hald. Proc. A. P. III, 1845, p. 150; Dej. Cat. 3d ed. p. 351. 

Length 22—25 mm. =.go—1.00 inch. Hab. Ga, and Miss. 

E. ovicollis Lec. 8.M.C. No. 264, p. 180, 


Length 18—23 mm. = .72-—.92 inch, Hab. Texas. 
E. mutica Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, 1853, p. 233. 


Length 17—21 mm. = .60—.80 inch. Hab. Texas. 


E. manca Lec. 8.M.C. No. 264, p. 181. 
Length 15 —20 mm. = .60—.80inch. Hab. Texas. 


ROMALEUM, White. 
The species of this genus differ from ZVaphidion, with which they 
have been united, by the more robust form and by the episterna of the 
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANS 5 


—30— 


metathorax being distinctly though slightly wider in front, and gradually 
narrowed behind, The femora are not spinose and the spines of the an- 
tenn are never Jong. The antenne are longer than the body in %, 
the prothorax is very densely punctured with a pusterior medial channel 
and dorsal cicatrices. In Q the antennz are shorter and the prothorax 
coarsely punctured with a medial and two dorsal callosities. ‘The species 
are separated as follows: 


ody uniformly finely pubescent; 


Both angles of 3d and 4th joint of antenne spinose ss... se se ee procerum. 
Ountewartalesionly.spimosescic: 216 6 Site han fests |. 1214 ns oeis os eee simplicicolle. 
Body irregularly pubescent, with spots of coarser and denser hair; 
Bubescenceinontled arnegular: -sicptt aera es oot: tsp. eae tee seleeke atomarium. 
Pabescence umiform,:fulvous: ji:J lise saaae ates seldateste Jot = optektaeeie rufulum. 


Sparsely pubescent, elyira very coarsely punctured before the middle, with an irre- 
gular transverse patch of white pubescence at the middle,..... tee ae taeniatum. 


R. procerum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1859, p- 88. 

Length 37.5 mm. = 1.5 inch. Hab. New Mexico, Cal. 

R. simplicicolle Hald. Proc. Ac. Phil. Il], p. 151; Lec. Journ. Acad, Nat. 
Sci. Phil. ser, 2, LI, p. 12; pulverulentus Hald. ‘Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, p. 32; Lecontei 
De}. Cat. 3d ed. p. 352; Chev. Journ. of Ent. I, p. 243. 

Length 44 mm. = 1.75 inch. Hab. United States. 

The two species above mentioned are very close, and separable only 
by characters given in the table. ‘he species of this and the succeeding 
genus are founded on structural differences, in which the family Ceram- 
bycidze is so rich. In the present and in other instances these differences 
are so slight as to indicate that the species are either of very recent ori- 
yin or are now tending to coalesce. We fail however to find intergrades 
which would justify us in uniting the species and merely caution the 
student that the table must be followed very literally to correctly idently 
specimens. 2. aperarium, White, = one of the above species. 


Since the above was in type, Dr. Horn writes as follows: ‘*After 
examining my series, I can of separate procerum and simplicicolle, and 
would advise their union under the former name. ‘The arrangement of 
the antennal spines is an illusory and evanescent character.” 


R. atomarium Drury, lll. II, 1773, Ind. I, p. 93, t. 41, f. 6; Lec. J:A.P. ser. 2, 
Il, p. 177; marylandicus Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 179; Oliv. Ent. IV, 70, p. 6, t. 4, f. 5; 
multicolor L. ed. Gmel. I. 4, p. 1857; pulverulentus De G. Ins. V, p. 118, t. 14, f. 12. 

Length 22--31 mm. = .88—1.22 inch. Hab. Middle and Southern Siates. 

R. rufulum Hald. Trans, Am, Phil. X, p. 32. 


Length 22—28 mm. = .88—1.15 inch. Hab. Middle States. 
‘These are again closely related. The fulvous color will distinguish 


rufulum as well as the uniform pubescence: a/omarium being darker in 
every specimen we have seen, 


R. taeniatum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VII, 1851, p. 81. 
Length 20—25 mm. =.80—1.00 inch. Hab, Texas. 


A very distinct species, intermediating somewhat in appearance be- 
tween this and the following genus. 


ELAPHIDION, Serv. 


In this genus the metathoracic episterna are scarcely wider in front 
than behind. ‘The prothorax in sculpture and form and the spines of 
thighs, elytra and antennz vary in every conceivable degree and are the 
basis upon which most of the numerous species have been erected. In 
general the species of £2Z;phidion are more slender and smaller than those 
of Romaleum. The species require renewed and careful study, which 
can only be made however, with Dr. Leconte’s types at hand for com- 
parison. 


SYNOPSIS OF ELAPHIDION. 


A,—Antennz and elytra with very long spines; thighs spinose at tip; prothorax per- 
pendicular behind, mesosternum gibbous; prothorax -j Q similar with several 


callosities; 
Antenne ,j' longer than the body; 
Above glabrous, ‘with patches of white hair.......... 0. 0b. irroratum. 
Above clothed irregularly with gray pubescence................ mucronatum. 
Antenne -{' not longer than the body; 
Uniformly pubescent, scarcely mottled on the elytra,................. tectum. 


B. 





sutural spine distinct; prothorax 
broadly rounded at sides, coarsely and deeply punctured with three narrow 
smooth spaces; 
Rather slender, piceous, fhinly clothed with long flying hairs............alienum. 
C.—Antennal spines small; prosternum rounded behind, mesosternum obliquely decli- 
vous; thighs not spinose at tip; prothorax <j finely, © more coarsely punctured; 
(scent pores indistinct in a, b, or very obvious ¢, or wanting d); 
a.—Prothorax rounded on the sides with several dorsal callosities, elytra truncate 
and strongly bispinose at tip; 
PulbescencercravishwprownemoOttledin.- . . «wattle tye se sak ele ect se: incertum. 
b.—Prothorax feebly rounded on the sides, elytra uni- or not spinose at tip, pubes- 
cence grayish brown, mottled; 
Thorax with a medial smooth space, and no dorsal callosities; tip of elytra trunc- 
AEM ALAS H NOL SPINOSC\ myers cceis >< s'<, lors sveletetoiels eintepe et sroaveret erases inerme. 
Thorax with a medial smooth space and two small discoidal callosities; tip of 
elytraisubtruncate, sututallispine.distinct.).y0....-. 060. s. ae: truncatum. 
Thorax more rounded on the sides, dorsal space coarsely punctured; tip of elytra 
GUC seGINGHr es HOl SEMMOSE 3/1. 4:< 6s, ~ a ohsteteleds emiae)e. pels. 6, < siejol es spurcum. 
:, —Prothorax scarcely rounded on the sides, \téatly cylindrical (except in pumilum); 
elytra bispinose; 
Pubescence mottled, flying hairs not very obvious; elytral spines long; legs den- 
sely punctured and pubescent; 


—32— 


Prothorax/scarcely longer thaniwidee peers. os. ie see eiae eee villosum. 
Prothorax distinctly longer than wide2ie 2.3... nee sneer parallelum. 
Pubescence mottled, flying hairs vety long and numerous on legs and antennz; 
legs very sparsely punctured; 
Blytralespimesivery, SHOrt: 1.01: Popaeretenaetetetes oie cxcorc = tole ease che folate ae pumilum. 
Pubescence sparse, coarse, uniform; body very long and slender, coarsely punct- 
ured; legs coarsely punctured; 
Flying hairs sparse; antennal and elytral spines moderately long 


subpubescens. 

Bivinevhairsilong; spines long cae ime cte ie lous tt oe ante aoe ee aculeatum. 
Body shining testaceous, sparsely punctured and nearly glabrous; 

Hilyinewhains) sparsesnely tral. Spinesmon lars smite ail te eee unicolor. 


d.—Prothorax rounded on the sides, coarsely punctured (<Q) without callosities; 
body more robust, uniformly coarsely and sparsely pubescent, elytra rounded 
abtipsplems Coarsely, pull Cured jeer serene eerie aire neteuy tae ... Moestum. 


D.— Antennal spines completely wanting; thighs not spinose; pubescence uniform, 
sparse; form slender, prothorax feebly rounded on the sides; 

Pubescence intermixed with long flying hairs; elytra rounded at tip, legs very finely 

pubescent, scarcely punctured; metasternum without odoriferous pores...... 

punctatum. 

Vhinly clothed with long flying hairs; elytra rounded and slightly truncate at tip; 

thighs finely punctulate with sparse setigerous punctures; metasternum with 


distinehodorferousipores.. . 5 ecemtacie ie oie iat Riser ieee imbelle 
Pubescence without long flying hairs; elytra truncate at tip, legs very coarsely 
punctured; punctuation of prothorax <j'O dissimilar............ cinerascens. 


E. irroratum Linn. Syst. Nat. ed XII. p. 633; Drury, Ill. I, p. 92, t. 41, f. 3; 
Hope, Trans. Zool. Soc. I, p. 107; Jacq. Duv. Hist. Club, 1857, p. 266, t. 10, f. 7. 

Length 19 mm. =.75 inch. Hab. Cuba, New York, Ills. 

The thighs are distinctly spinose in all that we have, but two speci- 
mens from Illinois which are otherwise similiar have the antennal spines 
moderate. 


E. mucronatum Say, J.A.P. III, 1823, p. 427; Newn. Ent. p. 27; muricatum 
Hald. Trans. Am, Phil. Soc. X, p. 33; nebuloswm Guer, Ic. regn. anim. III, p. 255; 
Dej. Cat. 3d ed. p. 352. 

Length 15 —19 mm. = .60—.75 inch. Hab. Mass. to Florida and westward to 
Missouri. 

A common and distinct form. 


E. tectum Lec. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XVII, 413. 
Length 15.6 mm. =.62 inch. Hab. Florida. 


We have not seen this species. 
E. alienum Lec. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. V, 173. 
Length 14.5 mm. = .58 inch. Hab. Arizona. 
Dr. Leconte’s description does not describe the thighs, and having 


no specimen before us we are unable to place it in any previous division. 
It appears to be a quite distinct form from characters given in table. 


E. incertum Newn. Ent. p. 28; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, lI, p. 13; aspersus Hald. 
Trans, Am. Phil. Soc. X, 1847, p. 32; vicinwm Hald, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. X, 33; 
neglectum Lec. Journ. Ac., N. Sc., Phil. ser. 2, II, 13. 

Length 17.5 mm. =.70inch. Hab. New York, 

E. inerme Newn. Ent. p. 29. 

Length 12—15 mm. =.5 —.6 inch. Hab, Pennsylvania, Tex. 

All the specimens we have answering to the description are from 
Texas and are small and slender. 

E. truncatum Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. X, p. 33; debile Lec. Proc. Ac. Se. 
Phil. VI, 442. 

Length 14—I9 mm. = .56—.75 inch. Hab. Texas. 


Our only specimen is large and robust. 

E. spurcum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, p. 422. 

Length 14 mm. = .45 inch. Hab. Texas near Mexican boundary. 

The pubescence is distinctly mottled. 

E. villosum Fab. Ent. Syst. I, 2, p. 302; Newn. Ent. p. 28; pututor Peck, 
Harris Ins. Mass. p. 81. 

Length 18 mm. = .70 inch. Hab. Middle and Southern States. 

E. parallelum Newm. Ent. p. 29; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, II, p. 103; Chev. Ann. 
Fr. 1862, p. 262; murinus Dej. Cat. 3d ed. p. 352; pusillus Dej. Cat. l.c.; oblitus 
ECy AS ba Sehe 2.) Ul pemhAnTarciis =Newl. Hntspa2QsmleeGs || ask jSera zane mnOe 

Length and Habitat same as villosum. 

These common species differ markedly in the form of prothorax as 
well as in parallelum being usually much more slender. The 5th ventral 
segment in { wllosum is rounded at tip, while in Q parallelum it is 
truncate, 

E. pumilum’ Newn. Ent. p,29; Lec. J.A.P. ser. 2, I], p. 14. 

Length 9 mm. = .36 inch. Hab. Georgia, Tex. 

This species is easily identified by synopsis. 

E. subpubescens Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. XIV, p. 41. 
Length 17.5 mm. =.70 inch. Hab. New Jersey, Tex. 
E. aculeatum Lec. §.M.C. No. 264, p. 184. 

Length 15 mm. = .60inch. Hab. Texas. 

‘These two species are closely allied and distinguished from other 
species by their very slender form, ; 

E. unicolor Rand. Bost. Journ. II, 1838, p. 42. 
Length 11 mm. = .45 inch. Hab. Atlantic States. 

The slender scarcely pubescent body and elytra distinguish this 
species at once. 

E. moestum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VI, p. 442. 
Length 13—15 mm. = .50—.60 inch. Hab. Texas. 

Resembles spurcum in size and robust form, but differs in elytral 
spines and pubescence which is sparse, exposing the dark brown color 
of the body and elytra. 


=a aaa 


E. punctatum [.ec. $.M.C. No. 264, p. 185. 

Length 1o—12 mm. = .go—.48 inch. Hab. Lower Cal. 

E. imbelle Lec. Buff. Bull. IV, 27. 

Length 17.3 mm. =.70 inch. Hab. California. 

E. cinerascens Lec. Journ. Ac. Sc. Phil. ser. 2, II, p. 15. 

Length 8.5—12.5 mm. = .35-—.50inch. Hab. Pa. Tex. 

The three species above named are sufficiently characterised by the 
synopsis. LZ. punctatum we have not seen. 


Norr.—I shall be glad to see any specimens of Zvaphidion which do 
not fall within the descriptions above given, or which seem to intergrade 
between them. Quite large series have served on the whole to confirm 
Dr. Leconte’s views on this genus and specimens needing special atten- 
tion will be therefore very interesting and meet with prompt recognition 
in these columns. Such may be sent to Mr. Chas. W. Leng, P.O. Box 
3565, New York. 


ANEFLUS, Lee. 


This genus is rendered necessary for certain species which complete- 
ly resemble the elongate forms of Elaphidion (subpubescens etc.) in ap- 
pearance, but differ by having the joints of the antennz from the 5th 
flattened and distinctly carinate along the middle of the flat sides. 


SYNOPSIS OF ANEFLUS. 


Prothorax distinctly dilated, and feebly angulated on the sides; elytra bispinose at 
tip; hind tibiae scarcely carinate; palpi unequal, with the last joint dilated, tri- 
angular; 

Very large, spines of antennz moderately long.................+--+- protensus. 

Prothorax cylindrical, sides nearly straight; 

Third joint of antennze with a spine a little longer than that of 4th joint; palpi with 
last joint not dilated; 

Elytra emarginate at tip, slightly bispinose, flying hairs of tibize long, not very 
TUCK OUS siafatonen afer o1= @ fale eka sol eRe ateneaeantne eye? ie eee een linearis. 

Third joint of antennz with spine much longer; 
Elytra emarginate at tip, flying hairs of tibiae not conspicuous, palpi with last 
jointnot/dilated........cati.t. SRD cart, ie. oda ee ee ee tenuis. 
Elytra truncate at tip, suture more prominent, flying hairs of tibiae long, numer- 
ous; palpi very unequal, with last joint triangular, dilated; (antennal cari- 
59 iro} 05-10) (=) 1 -) Ja CR Ae SL ee ead volitans. 
Antennal joints 3—6 with short spines, distinctly carinate; apex of elytra with two 
long spines; last joint of palpi elongate, triangular............... prolixus. 


A. protensus Lec. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, p. 82. 
Length 30 mm, = 1.22 inch. Hab. Arizona. 


A. linearis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1859, p. 80. 
Length 10 mm. = .41 inch. Hab. California. 


A. tenuis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. VII, p. 81. 
Length 1.25 mm. =.50 inch, Hab. Texas and Arizona. 

In this species, as in the preceding, the palpi are not dilated and 
are not very unequal; the hind tibia are however much more distinctly 
carinated, the spine of the 3d antennal joint is two-thirds as long as the 
4th joint and the spine of the latter is quite small. 

A. volitans Lec. 8.M.C. No. 264. 1873, p. 186. 
Length 10 mm. = .40 inch. Hab. Lower Cal. 

In this species as in profnsus the first joint of the antenne is longer 
and less thickened than in /mearzs and slightly curved, the outer joints 
are scarcely carinate, the spine of the 3d joint is two-thirds as long as the 
4th joint and the spine of tne latter is also long, being fully one third as 
long as 5th joint. The hind tibiz are only feebly carinate. 

A. prolixus Lec. 8.M.C. No. 264, 1873, p. 203. 
Length 25 mm, = 1 inch. Hab. Lower Cal. 

The antennz are very distinctly carinate, of {1 nearly as long as body, 
Q scarcely two-thirds as long. ‘lhe appearance of a transverse line on 
the disk of prothorax is the result of the arrangement of the pubescence 
rather than a positive elevation. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES I & Il. 


1 Tetropium cinnamopterum, 18 Xylocrius cribratus, 

2 Upsimus 4-lineatus, 1g Malacopterus vittatus, 

3 Smodicum cucujiforme, 20 Veme rigida, 

4 Gonocallus collaris, 21 “* strangulata, 

5 Physocnemum brevilineus, 22 Eucrossus vilicornis, 

6 e¢ Andree (Elytra), 23 Dryobius 6-fasciatus, 

7 Khopalopus sanguinicollis, 24 Haplidus testaceus, 

8 Hylotrupes bajulus, 25 Achryson surinamense, 

9 ge ligneus, 26 Gracilia minuta, 
10 Phymatodes variabilis, 27 Axestinus obscurus, 

1 os dimidiatus, 270 os ss antenna, 
12 ce vulneratus, 28 Brothylus conspersus, 
13 ve varius, 29 Osmidus guttatus, 
14 oe decussatus and nitidus, 30 Stromatium pubescens, 
15 Merium proteus, 31 Antenna of Aneflus, 

16 Callidium antennatum, 32 Gnaphalodes trachyderoides. 
17 es hirtellum, 


[ By the error of the Photo Engraving Co., the plates were made 
rather smaller than ordered. The actual size of insects figured is therefore 
somewhat greater than indicated. Most of the species here figured were 
described in Bulletin, Vol. VII. } 


ee or 


Synopses of Butterflies. * 
By Rev. Gro. ID. Hurst. 


EREBIA, Dalim. 


1. Tyndarus Esp. Schm. I, 2, p. 97, pl. 67. Callias W. H. Edw. Trans. Am. 
Ent. Soc. 3, 274: 

Above brown; on disk of primaries covering the discoidal and 
upper median interspaces a triangular castaneous patch enclosing a black 
duplex spot, both parts ocellated. Secondaries with three black spots 
each in a pale castaneous ring. Underside of primaries castaneous ex- 
cept the costal edge and apex which are gray; same markings as above. 
Secondaries gray with a brown tint; the disk crossed with a deeply cre- 
nated line, anterior to which near base is another similar line nearly ob- 
solete: spots as above. 

Expands 1.5 inches. Colorado. 

2. Haydenii W. H. Edw. Rep. Hayden Exp. Montana, 1872, 467. Trans. 
Am, Ent. Soc. 5, 19. 

Upper side fuscous, immaculate. Underside a shade paler, much 
marbled with gray scales; primaries immaculate; secondaries with a com- 
plete series of black ocelli along the edge of outer margin, one in éach 
interspace, each ocellus narrowly ringed with ochraceous and having a 
minute white pupil. 

Expands 1.6 inches. Taken at Yellowstone Lake. 

3. Epipsodea Butl. Cat. Sat. B.M., p. 80, pl. 2, f.9, Rhodia W. H. Edw. 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 3, 273. 

Body black. Wings above, uniform dark brown; the primaries 
generally have 3 ocellated submarginal spots, 2 towards the apex, the 
third post median; all are surrounded with bright reddish brown. There 
is a row of corresponding ocellated spots on secondaries, varying in 
number. Beneath primaries somewhat paler with spots repeated; secon- 
daries paler on outer third, the ocellated spots not edged with reddish 
brown. 

Expands 1.5 inches. Colorado, Montana. 

4. Magdalena Streck. Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. 3, 35. 

Upper surface of wings entirely and uniformly dark blackish brown. 
Beneath as above with the outer third a shade lighter. 

Expands 2 inches. Colorado. 


° 


5. Disa Var. Mancinus Doub. Hew. Gen. Diur. Lep. II, p. 380, pl. 54. 
Upper side deep sooty black; primaries slightly reddish towards 





* These Synopses are continued from the ‘‘Bulletin’’. Descriptions of the spe- 
cies of the preceding genera will be found in Vol, I to Vol. VII of that publication. 


outer margin; a submarginal row of reddish spots the two nearest the 
apex more distinctly pupilled. Beneath primaries as above: secondaries 
brown densely’ powdered with silvery white scales giving a grayish cast: 
there is a broad median band of sooty black, deeply indented towards 
base, regularly sinuate outwardly; at the costal margin and on the outer 
edge of this band is a triangular patch of white; also a white spot on 
second submedian nervule; a submarginal row of faint blackish lunules 
is also present. 

Rocky Mts., Alaska. 

6. Rossii Curt. App. Ross’ 2d Voyage, p. 67, pl. A, f. 7. 

Wings uniform dark reddish brown above and below, somewhat 
paler below. On the primaries towards apex are two ocellated spots close 
together which are repeated below. 

Expands 2 inches. Arctic Am. 

7. Discoidalis Kirb. Fauna Bor. Am. IV, p. 298, pl. 3, f. 2, 3. 

Body brown. Wings brown: costa spotted with gray; a_ triangular 
obscure tawny reddish discoidal stripe from base to posterior margin on 
primaries. ‘This spot is also on the underside of the primaries, and the 
wing is tipped with gray. Secondaries beneath distinctly marbled and 
clouded with gray and whitish. 

Expands 1.5 inches. Arctic Am, 

8. Fasciata Butl. Cat. S.B.M., p. 92, pl. 2, f. 8. 

Wings above much as in dscovdal’s. Below the primaries are paler 
with three darker fascize: one basal indistinct; the second broadly median, 
broadest at costa: the third marginal. Secondaries beneath whitish cin- 
ereous with three darker fascize: the first basal, confused; the second 
median, undulating; the third marginal. 

Expands 2—2.5 inches. Arctic Am. 

g- Sofia Streck. Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. 3, 35. 

Upper surface dark brown. Primaries crossed with a submarginal 
rusty yellow band, the same color evident in the discoidal cell. Second- 
aries with a submarginal row of four rust colored spots. Beneath prim- 
aries with band repeated but paler. Secondaries also lighter, the spots 
white. 

Expands 1.5 inches. Ft. Churchill, Brit. Am. 

VESAGUS Doub. Hew. Gen. Diur. Lep. 3380, pl. 64, f. 3, 
has been catalogued as a N.A. species of Zredza and thus stands in Mr, 
W. H. Edwards’ latest catalogue, 1885. But it undoubtedly does not 
belong to our fauna. In Doub. Hew., where it is figured and named 
without description, to the name is added, “Rocky Mountains”, with an 
interrogation mark; showing the locality was uncertain, Kirby catalogues 
it p. 64, 1. 36 with the ?, Dr. Morris in his catalogue, p. 10. leaves 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 6 


auger 


the ? out, as does Weidemeyer p. 27, who gives it the locality “‘U. S.”. 
W. H. Edw. in all his catalogues leaves out the ?, and in the one of 
1877 adds to locality ‘‘(Prob. Brit. Am.)”. «All these were made without 
a personal knowledge of the insect. Strecker in his catalogue, 1878, p. 
151, (probably under the suggestion of Hewitson), expresses his convict- 
ion that the species is not North American but Souta American. Kirby, 
Cat. of the Diur. Lep. in Coll. W. C. Hewitson 1879, p. 130, gives 
without any expression of doubt, locality “South America’, Wether this 
is based on the previous knowledge of Mr. Hewitson, or on evidence 
gained by Mr. Butler by new material I do not know; but in view of it, 
the locality originally surmised must have been an error, and in the 
present state of the case, the species must be dropped from our lists. 
No authenticated specimen has ever been taken in North America so far 
as I can learn. 

The most of our species of Erebia have been named on very limited 
material, not always in the best condition. It is probable a large gather- 
ing of material will very greatly modify our present list. 

My thanks are given to Dr. H. A. Hagen of Cambridge, and Rev. 
W. J. Holland of Pittsburgh for very valuable assistance in the above 
Synopsis. 

a 0 a 


Notes and News. 
STYLOPIDE. 

The species of this family are very rare indeed in American collect- 
ions, but seem more common in Europe. In an old number of the 
‘Journal of Microscopy and Natural Science” is an article on the subject 
from which I quote: “On another occasion saw about 20 flying, but they 
were so high from the ground he could only capture halfa dozen. The 
little animals are exceedingly graceful in their flight, taking long sweeps 
as if carried along by a gentle breeze, and occasionall yhovering at a few 
inches from the ground’. They are in Europe parasitic on dndrena, 
which is a very early species, flying in April. The (jf are said to em- 
erge from the pupz early in the morning—g to II A.M. 

Our species, Xenos Peckit is parasitic on Polistes and I have very 
often seen the head of the pupa projecting between the segments of the 
abdomen of our common species. In the ‘‘classification” it is stated that 
the head of the pupa case of the (J is convex; that of of the 2 flat. Spe- 
cimens of Polistes found with a SG pupa might be confined with proper 
food until the parasite emerges. Suppose some of our Collectors turn 
their attention to S/ydops this spring! J.B. Si 


* * 
* 


‘Looking over the new edition of the ‘‘International Scientist's Di- 
rectory’ we find that out of 4821 names of Scientists from the U.S. and 
Can. 620 have Entomology specified as one of their studies. Of these, 
229 have “£n¢. added as one of several branches in which they are inter- 
ested. Among these there are a few well known Entomologists, but a 
large proportion consists of those omnivorous individuals for whom the 
circle of Sciences seems too small, and who have tacked on all the ologies 
besides numerous other things not ending in ology. 47 are Entomolo- 
gists pure and unadulterated, apparently without specialty. The remain- 
der express a preference for one or the other of the orders; and the Lepi- 
dopterists head the list with 129 devotees—some of them have Lefid. only 
as one of several other pursuits, but have no other specialty in Entomo- 
logy. The Co/eoptera follow with a company of g3—while the two orders; 
Col. et Lep. are combined by 73 individuals. A weakness for Hymenop- 
dera is confessed by 10; for Diptera by 6; for Hemiptera by 5; for Neurop- 
tera by 4, while Mr. Bruner as sole representative of the Orthoptera brings 
up the rear. 14 are interested in several orders. The Lepidopiira are 
combined with the pfera three times; with the Neuroptera twice; 
with the Orthopiera once. Vhe Coleoptera are combined with the Hymen- 
opera three times; once each with Hemiptera, Orthopiera and Diptera; 
while one ambitious individual collects; Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Gen- 
eral Curiosities. These figures are suggestive, and should induce young 
students to take up some of the neglected orders: there is an immense 
field for work in them, and ‘‘Entomologica” will do all it can to ease 
the work by presenting introductory synopses of families in all orders. 
Mr. Bruner, the single Orthoplerist feels solitary, and to induce others to 
join him will prepare an outline synopsis of that order for an early No. of 
this Journal. 


* * 
* 


We hear that Dr. Horn has been elected on honorary member of 
the Entomological Society of France. They have but six honorary 
members outside of France, and to be ranked as one of them is of itself 
sufficient testimony of the high standing Dr. Horn has made for himself 
in the Entomological world. We know of none better deserving such a 
distinction. 

* 5 7% 

Apropos of your notice on Water Beetles, I recollect being very 
much surprised not long since to notice some species, bobbing their 
heads against the ice (from below be it understood). I could hardly be- 
lieve my eyes at first, but wherever I found a bit of transparent ice, I 
could with a little patience notice the insects swimming round below. 

x * *% C. W. Lene, 


3 


—40— 


This is a good place to call the attention of readers to the fact. that 
No. 3 of this Journal will be sent only to those who have sent in their 
subscription before that number is issued. We are sorry to make such 
a provision, but we have not yet been able to find a printer sufficiently 
interested in the advancement of Entomology to print our paper for less 
than regular price in ‘*Hard Cash”. 

rt 9 
Society News. 

Brooklyn Entomological Society, April 7th.—Twenty-one members, and 
one visitor present; the Vice-Pres. Mr. FE. L. Graf in the chair. Messrs. A. E. 
Brunn and W. H. Danby of Brooklyn and Mr, EF. M. Aaron of Philadelphia 
were elected members of the Society. Prof, F. Fillon of Brooklyn was proposed 
for membership by Mr. Cramer. 

Letters from Messrs. A. Sallé, Baron C, R. von Osten-Sacken, and Rey. 

‘John G. Morris acknowledging their election as honorary members were read — 
by the Secretary. 

Mr. Smith presented his Report as Editor for Vol. VII of the Bulletin. 

JON COSS| PACE Cl a ASEAE Raa 5.0 SHS e Piasoaempaa sats bop ocr eo $325 45 


Receipts from sale of back Volumes and subscriptions...$157 75 
Extra pp. in Nos. 2 & 3, borne by Messrs. Hulst & Smith... 31 00 


Volumesrunnished! Members.) eer etectssl se cies nefeite 30 00 
EXCHANGES me ieiminc ici. sare) cicichs stee eERR eee oie pictctats 73 00 
Wehicit,) palds bi: Socletby:....°. mies se cies site 28 70 $325 45 


Mr. Hulst called the attention of the members to a collection of Coenonymphe, 
brought by Mr. Geo. Frank. He said that these specimens added considerable 
positive knowledge on the subject of the variation of the species. These speci- 
mens, undoubtedly C. ochracea Edw., varied in color of the upper surface of the 
wings from a dark brown to a very light buff, the males being darker than the 
females. There was also a variation in both sexes, some having ocelli, others 
wanting them. Beneath, there was just as wide variation in the ground color, 
and in the ocelli. The broken white band on the secondaries was about or quite 
obsolete in some, in others broad and definite. One specimen had a decidedly 
reddish brown submarginal band on the hind wings beneath. 

The question was asked, ‘“‘might it not be that these were separate species 
flying together’? 

Mr. Frank said they were taken near St. Paul, Minn. Mostly on the same 
day in one small locality; that there was a continuous intergradation and that 
he found some widely differing in markings and color, in coitu. 

Mr. Hulst spoke at some length upon the subject of the evening ‘‘the effect 
of external conditions upon Lepidoptera”, remarking upon the three influences, 
temperature, humidity, and food, and took the ground that the most of direct 
and immediate changes in the appearance of the insect, resulting from these 
three causes, could be explained on the theory of impaired or redundant vitality. 
And in the most of cases where the changes did not apparently follow from im- 
paired or redundant vitality, it was only fair, though our knowledge did not give 
proof, to suppose these were the operating causes. Considerable exception was 
taken to Mr. Hulst’s views, but as the hour of adjournment had arrived, nothing 
but an expression of dissent could be given. It was especially thought by some, 
that food had often a direct modifying influence. 


PLATE I, 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, MAY, 1885. 








PLATE II. 


1885. 


MAY, 


> 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 


te 


Bu. ._3 


SYS 


whitdte yf fred Lite an 
MG LE LE 


eee 





“Eure 








TONY OG Ic 
AMERIGANA 





WOL, 1: 


BROOKLYN, JUNE, 1885. 


NO. 3. 





Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North 
American Beetles, published in 1883—384.* 


By SAMUEL 


HENSHAW. 


In II the first number (in heavy-faced type) refers to the author- 


list in I. 


An examination of II shows that twelve (12) authors have described 


nine (g) new genera and three-hundr 


ed and ninety-five (395) new species. 


eee U ce eee 


Anthony, A. C. 
1 Lebia grandis in Massachusetts. 
Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1883, 
v. 2, p. 16. 
Blanchard, F. 
2 Note on the habits of Amphicoma 
vulpina. 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. go. 
. 3 Table of Balaninus Germ. 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 106-8. 
4 Note on the species of Gaurotes Lec. 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 108. 
Bowditch, F. C. 
® Notes on the habits of Hydrocharis 
obtusatus Say and Magdalis olyra 
Herhst. 
Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc. 1884, 
V2.3, Di I—7: 
Bowles, G. H. 
6 On luminons Insects. 
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1882. 


Casey, ia. 12: 

7 Notes on Coleoptera. 

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 64-67. 

8 Revision of the Cucnjidz of America 
north of Mexico. 

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. XI, 
p- 99-112, plates 4—8. 

9 Contributions to the descriptive and 
systematic Coleopterology of North 
America, Part I. 

Phila. 1884, pp. 60, 1 plate. 

10 Revision of the Stenini of America 

north of Mexico. 
Phila. 1884, pp. 206, 1 plate. 
(See Science 1884, v. 4, p. 561.) 

11 (Malformation of Acmzops.) 

Science 1884, v. 4, No. 96, p. 5 Bull. 

Caulfield, F. B. 

12 Remarks on Chrysomela scalaris 
Lee., Chrysomela labyrinthica Lec. 
and Physonota wnipuncta Say. 


. 





1883, p. 34, figures. 


Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p, 226—7. 





* This brings the Record of American Coleopterology from where it was left in 


the Bulletin, B.E.S., V, 69 —74 to Jan. 1, 


1885. DoD: 


—4 


Chaudoir, Max de. 

13 Monographie des Oodides. Part. 2. 
Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1882, (1883) 
ser. 6, v. 2, p- 485—554. 

Clarkson, Frederick. 

14 The dung pellet makers. 
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 13—1I9. 


2— 


Deveraux, W. L- 
24 Coal tar for the Plum weevil. 
Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 236. 
Ineffectual. 
25 Weevil versus Curculio, 
Ca, Ent, 1884, v. 16, p. 27—29. 
Application of the terms. 


Origin and limitation of the term\Dimmock, A. K. 


Searubaeus. 
15 Prionus brevicornis Fabr. 
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 95. 
Habitats. 
16 Galeruca xanthomelena Schrank. 
Ca. Ent. 1884. v. 16. p. 124-—5. 
Destructive lo elms at Long Island. 
Claypole, E. W. 
17 The Colorado Potato-Beetle. 
Amer, Nat, 1883, v. 17, p. 1174-75. 
No second brood in 1883; scarcity 
in the Middle States during 1883. 
(See Science 1883, v. 2, p. 327.) 
Coleman, N. 
18 ‘Lhe Colorado Potato-Beetle pupating 
above the ground. 
(Quart. Journ, Bost. Zool, Soc. 1883, 
Vv. 2, p. 32. 
Coquillett, D. W. 
19 Descriptions of a few leaf-eating Co- 
leopterous larvee. 

Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 21—23. 
Brief description of Chrysomela 
pallida, C. elivicollis, C. multigut- 
tis, C. bigsbyana, C. similis, Lema 
collaris, Doryphora juncta, and D. 
10-lineata. 

Notes on the early stages of Xylo- 
trechus annosus Say. 

Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 31--32. 
Notes on the early stages of Calop- 
teron reticulatum Fabr. 

Ca, Ent, 1883, v. 15, p. 97—98. 
Descriptions of a few Elaterid and 
allied larvee. 

Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 101—2, 

Describes Elater niaricollis, An- 


22 


26 Sexual attraction in Prionus. 
Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 159. 
Dimmock, George. 
27 Seales of Coleoptera. 
Psyche, 1883, v. 4, p. 3—I1}; 23-27; 
43 —47; 63—7I. 
Describes and figures the scales of 
species of Cicindelidee, Dermestide, 
Scarabwide, Buprestide, Elateri- 
dw, Ptinide, Cerambycide, and 
Curculionide, Literature of the 
subject. See Science 1883, v. 1, p. 
203; 1884, v. 3, p. 127—28. 
28 Coleoptera. 
Stand. Nat. Hist. Bost. 1884, v. 2, 
Pp. 297—402, figures. 
Popular illustrated account of the 
order. 
Doll, J. 
29 (Habits of Dynastes. ) 
Science, 1884, v. 4, No. 97, p. 6, 
Bull. : 
Duges, E. 
30 Métamorphoses du Lyctus planicol- 
lis Lec. 
Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, v. 27, p. 
54 —59, plate. 
Duvivier, Antoine. 
31 Enumération des Staphylinides dé- 
crits depuis la publication du Cata- 
logue de MM. Gemminger & de Ha- 





rold. 
Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, v. 27, 
p- 9I—215. 


Evans, John D. 
32 Remarkable gathering of beetles. 
Ca, Ent. 1883. v. 15, p. 237—38. 


drochirus fuscipes, Athous cucul-|Forbes, S. A. 


latus. 
Notes on the early stages of Lixus 
macer Leconte. 
Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 113. 


33 Insects injurious to the Strawberry. 
Trans. Miss. Valley Hort. Soc. 1883, 

v. I, p. 50--85. 
Describes the habits, early stages 


&e. of Lachnosternu sp., CotalpayFrench, G. H. 
lanigera, Paria 6-notata, P. ater-| 40 Preparatory stages of Epilachna bo- 


rima, Otiorhynchus sulcatus and realis Fabr. 
Tyloderma fragarie:. Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 189—o1. 
34 The food relations of the Carabide|Fuchs, C. 
and Coccinellidae. 41 A lost locality. 
Bull. Il. State. Lab. N. H. 1883, Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 81. 
No. 6, p. 33—64. Near Brooklyn, N. Y. 


See also Science 1883, v. 1, p. 317;|Getstaecker, A. 
Am. Nat. 1883, v.17, p. 417—19. 42 Ueber die Stellung der Gattung Ple- 
35 Twelfth Report of the State Entomo- ae TDretG SHB Syst) (Gaines) 
logist on the noxious and beneficial ace bo ZeeriSee IGE 
Insects of the State of Hlinois. J eee ae Redcat is ©) 


ne eee 36—50. 
Springfield, Illinois, 1883. 43 : 
neon wine witha Copa: Godman, F., Ducane & Osbert Salvin. 


: s . _..| 43 Biologia Centrali-Americana. 
root worm, Diabrotica longicornis 
and the Strawberry Crown borer pancon: 
Anes, Parts 21—34 Jan. 1883-—Decemb. 
Tyloderma fragarie. Also re- 


marks on the food relations of pre- ee rae es ie i See % 
Bee tenine y Bates, Staphylinide by Sharp, 


, Malacodermata by Gorham, Phyto- 
36 Thirteenth Report of the State Ento- phaga by Jacoby and Tenebrioni- 
mologist on the noxious and benefi-— dee by Champion. 
cial Insects of the State of Hlinois. Hagen, H. nS 
Springfield, Illinois, 1884. 

Includes notes on Diabrotica longi- 

cornis injuring Corn and on the fol- 

lowing Strawberry pests, Lachno- 


44 Lawsuits against grubs and grass- 
hoppers. 
Science, 1884, v. 4, p. 168—71. 

Partial reprint of paper with same 

sterna sp., Cotalpa lanigera, Allo- title which was first printed in 1881. 
rhina nitida, Scelodonta pubescens 
= nebulosus), Paria 6-notata, P. 
aterrima, Colaspis brunnea, Otio- 
rhynchus sulcatus, Anthonomus 
musculus and Tyloderma fragarice, 
Figures of several of the above are 


45 Chrysomela scalaris. 
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 120. 
Abundant on elms at Cambridye, 
Mass. during May. 
46 Scolytus rugulosus in branches of 
: Pear-trees, which were killed by 
PES gle eay Pear-blight. f 
37 On the life-histories and immature Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 16163. 
stages of three Eumolpini. 47 Note on Chalcographa scalaris Lec. 
Esyohe, 1884))¥- 4,2. 123-30, pl 1. Ca. Ent, 1884, v. 16, p. 225 —26. 


Relates to Colaspis brunnea, Paria 48 Note on the habitat of Xyloryctes sa- 
aterrima, Scelodonta pubescens (= tyrus 


nebulosus) all of which injure the Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 239—40. 
roots of the Strawberry. Hamilton, John 


38 On the life-histories and immature] 49 Observations on Anthrenus varius 


stages of three Eumolpini. Correct- Fabr., Anthrenus musaeorum Lin., 
ive Note. Trogoderma ornata Say, and Sito- 
Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 167—168. drepa panicea Lin. 
39 Insects affecting the Strawberry. Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p- 90—93. 


Trans. Wisc. State Agr, Soc., v, 21.] 50 Notes on a few species of Coleoptera 
Not seen. which are confused in many collect- 


ions, and on some introduced Euro- 
pean species, 

Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 35-38. 
The survival of the fittest among cer- 
tain species of Pterostichus as de- 
duced from their habits. 

Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 73—-77- 
On Valgus canaliculatus and squa- 
miger, Elleschus bipunctatus, Xylo- 
ryctes satyrus, 

Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 105 8. 
On Trogoderma ornata, Physonota 
unipunctata and Tanysphyrus lem- 
nae. 

Ca. Ent, 1884, v. 16, p. 133 —36. 
Coleoptera in September on bBrigan- 
tine Beach, N.J., on the Atlantic 
Coast. 

Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 186 - go. 
Hanham, A. W. 

55 Entomological Notes. 

Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 98 - 99. 

Notes on afew species eaten by toads. 
Harrington, W. H. 
56 (Beetles injurious to men.) 

Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 59—60. 
Acmaeops pratensis in the ear, 
Melanophila longipes biting the 
neck. 

57 (Notes on Beetles. ) 

Ca. Ent 1883, v. 15, p. 79—8o. 
Records and habitats of a few 
species. 

58 Variations in markings of Cicindela 
sex-guttata, 

Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 239. 

59 Chrysomelidae. Leaf—Eaters. 

Rept. Ent. Soc, Ontario for 1882, 

1883, p. 53—62, figures. 


110 species are new to Canadian 
lists. See Science 1884, v. 3, p, 235. 
62 (Gathering of beetles. ) 
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p 17—18. 
63 Additions to Canadian lists of Cole- 
optera. 
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 44-47; 70 
to 73; 96—98; 117 —109. 
Harrington, W. H., James Fletcher 
and J. B. Tyrrell. 
64 Coleoptera. 
Ottawa Field Nat. 
1884, v. 2, p. 137 —39- 
Notes on a number of species. 
Hayward, R. 
65 A note on Acmzodera culta, 
Quart, Journ, Bost. Zool. Soc. 1883, 
v. 2, p- 56. 
Onthe flowers of Hypoxys erectu. 
66 On the sexual characters of Boleto- 
therus bifurecus. 
Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool, Soc. 1884, 
Vv. 3, p- 16—17. 
Hayward, R. and H. Savage. 
67 A catalogue of the Coleoptera of the 
Green Mountains, 


Trans. Club, 





Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc, 1883, 
v. 2, p. I2—15; 24—29; 36 —38. 
Pat een Cc: 
68 On the antenna of Meloe. 
Am. Journ. of Sc. 1883, ser. 3, v- 
25, p- 137—38, figures. 
Describes the distortion of the male 
antenna and its use during copu- 
lation. 


Holland, W. J. 


69 (Use of the jaws of the male Eupsalis 
minuta.) 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 46. 


60 Injurious Insects affecting the Hick-/Horn, G. H. 


ory. Coleoptera. 
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1883, 
1884, p. 42 —52, figures. 
61 List of Ottawa Coleoptera. 
Trans, Ottowa Field, Nat, Club, 
1884, v. 2, p. 67—85. 
Introductory comparing previous 
Canadian and a few local lists with 
the present. List of 1003 species 
included in 524 genera and 67 fam. ' 


70 Synoptic table of Pseudomorpha. 

Bull. Bkl, E. S, 1883, v. 6, p. 16. 
71 Synoptic table of Tachycellus. 

Bull, Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 51-2. 
72 The species of Discoderus. 

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 52-3- 
73 Synoptic table of Mallodon- 

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 9. 
74 Notes on Chrysomela. 

Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 127—29. 


Calligrapha multiguttis Stal. = 
scalaris Lec.; C. multiquttata Stal, 
C. opifera Stal recorded from Ari- 
zona; C. labyrinthica Lec. Ms. 
C. pnirsa Stal; C. limbaticollis Stal 
not N. American; Doryphora 
melanothorax Stal recorded from 
N. Mexico, and Plagiodera floscu- 
losa Stal from California, 


75 Synonymical Notes. 
Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 147 —48. 
Possible identity of Lamesis, 
Westw. and Xenorhipis Lec. ; Cyr- 
tophorus gibbulus Lee. == Micro- 
elytus gazellula Hald; Leptura coe- 
cinea Lec. = testacea Linn., L. 
atrata Lec, = proxima Kirby. 
76 Miscellaneous notes & short studies 
of North American Coleoptera. 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1883, v. 10. 
p- 269—312, plate g. 
77 (Poecilobrium n. g. proposed for 
species included in Callimus, ) 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. 10, 
job WE eigoler 
78 (Method of mounting dissections of 
the mouth parts of beetles. ) 
Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. 10, 
PanlsseeLOGs 
79 (Outer lobe of maxilla present in the 
Gyrinidae. ) 
Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. 10, 
p- 16, Proc. 
80 (Work of Attagenus megatoma in 
ticking. ) 
' Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1883, v. 10, 
Paiti7s roc. 
81 Notes on the species of Anomala in- 
habiting the United States. 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. 11, 
p- 157—64. 
82 Synopsis of the United States species 
of Notoxus and Mecynotarsus. 
Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. 1884, v. 11, 
p- 165—76. 
83 Synopsis of the Philonthi of Boreal 
America, 
Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. II, 
p. 177—244. 





Hubbard, H. G. 
84 (Habits of Mallodon melanopus.) 
Science 1884, v. 4, No. 96, p. 5, Bull. 


Jones, A. W. 


85 Notes on the habits of Cie.ndelidae. 

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 74-6. 

Kellicott, D. S. 

86 Psephenus Lecontei, on the external 
anatomy of the larva. 

Ca. Ent, 1883, v. 15, f. 191 —98, figs. 
See Science, 1883, v. 2, p. 337. 

Kilman, A. H. 

87 Phytonomus punctatus Fabricius, 

Ca. Ent, 1884, v, 16, p. 144 -45. 
Abundance in Canada, description 
and habits. 

Lameere, Aug. 

88 Addenda et corrigenda a la liste des 
Cérambycides décrits postérieure- 
ment au catalogue de Munich. 

Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1883, v. 

104—5, C. R. 

89 Contributions a lhistoire des 
morphoses des Longicornes 
famille des Prionidae. 

Not seen. 
Describes and fiqures pupa of Pa- 
randra polita Say. 

Leconte, J. L. 

90 Synoptic table of Stenolophus. 

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 13-25. 

91 Synoptic table of Acupalpus. 

Bull. Bkl, E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 15. 

92 Synoptic table of Calathus. 

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 49. 

93 Synoptic table of Agonoderus. 

Bull. Bk]. E. S. 1883. v. 6, p. 53-54. 

94 Lists of Coleoptera collected in 1881 
by Dr. Bell and others in the Lake 
Superior district and in the North- 
west Territories, east of the 112th 
meridian and south of the 60th par- 
allel. 

Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. of Ca. 

Rept. of Progress for 1880-81-82, p. 

29C—39C. 

Leconte, J. L. & G. H. Horn. 

95 Classificatiom of the Coleoptera of 
North America. 


Zhe: 


méta- 
de la 


—46— 


Smithsonian Misc. Coll, 1883, v. 26, Concerning Buprestidee and Ceram- 
pp- 38 and 567. bycider. 

Leng, C. W. 107 The development of the bark-bor- 

96 Synopses of Cerambycidae. ing beetles Hylurgops & Xyleborus. 

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 7-11; Third Rept. U.S. Ent. Comm, 1883 
57—64; 95—I01; 112—16; plate 2. p. 280—82, plate 22. 
97 (Notes on a few beetles. ) 108 Mode of oviposition of the common 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 76-7. pine borer (Monohammus confusor). 
Lugger, Otto. Am. Nat, 1884, v. 18, p. 1149—5I. 

98 Spread of the 12-punctured Aspara-| 109 Egg-laying habits of the Maple-tree 
gus beetle. borer (Glycobius speciosus. ) 

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 199. Am, Nat. 1884, v. 18, p. 1151--52. 

99 Food-plants of beetles bred in Mary-/Patton, W. H. 
land. 110 Sound-producing organs in Ano- 

Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 203—4. mala, Anthonomus and other Coleop- 
100 List of Coleoptera found in the vi- tera. 
cinity of Baltimore. Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 146. 
Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ. v, 3, No.|/Pergande, T. 
30, p. 78—79. 111 (Ptinus brunneus bred from rat 
Not seen. dung.) 

Matthews, A. Science, 1884, v. 4, No. 96, p. 5, 

101 On the classification of the Coleop- Bull, 
tera of North America by Dr. J. L.|Regimbart, M. 

Leconte and Dr. G. H. Horn. 112 Essai monographique de la famille 
Ann, and Mag. N. H. 1883, ser. 5, des Gyrinidae. 
Y. 12, p. 167-—72. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1882, ser. 6, 

102 Synopsis of North American Tri- v. 2, p. 379—458, plates 10—12; 
chopterygidae. 1884, ser. 6, v. 3, p. 121—go, plate 

Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. II, 6; p. 381—482, plates 11—14. 
p. 113—56. Reinecke, O. 

Merriam, C. H. 113 Longevity of beetles. 

103 Ravages of a rare Scolytid Beetle in Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, f. 36. 
the Sugar Maples of Northeastern Microclytus gazellula alive after 
New York. immersion in alcohol for several 

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 84-6, figs. hours. 
Concerning Corthylus punctatissi-| 114 Invasion of Phytonomus opimus, 
mus Zimm. Leconte. ; 

Moffat, J. A. Buffalo Freie Presse, Aug. 12, 1884, 

104 (Notes on Calopteron reticulatum.) Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 76. 

Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p- 17980. [Reitter, Edw. 

Osborn, H. 115 Platypsylla castoris Rits., als Ver- 

105 The Corn-root worm (Diabrotica treter elmer neuen europaeischen 
longicornis. ) Coleopteren-Fainilie. 

Bull. lowa, Agric. Coll. Dept. Ent. Wien. Ent. Zeit. Jahrg. 3, p. 19-21. 
1884. No. 2, p. 61—69. Not seen. 

Packard, A. S. Rey, Cl. 

106 Descriptions of the larve of injuri-) 116 Description de la larve del’ Anthicus 
ous forest insects. floralis. 

Third Rept. U.S.«Ent. Comm, 1883 Ann. Soc, Linn. Lyon. 1883, new 


p. 251—62, plates 6—15. ser. V. 29, p. 141-—42. 


Al am 


Ricksecker, L. E. 
117 On the occurrence of Amphicoma. 
Bull. Bkl..E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 83. 
Flying over sand dunes near San 
Francisco, 
RileyaiCs Vi. 
118 Ona gall-making genus of Apio— 
ninae. 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 61—2.| 
119 Food habits of Megilla maculata. 
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 322—23. 
120 Damage to silverplate by insects 
(Niptus hololeptus). 
Am. Nat. 1883;.v. 17, p. 420. 
121 Number of moults and length of 





larval life as influenced by food. 

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 547 —48. 
Observations upon Tenebrio moli- 
tor, T. obsewrus and Trogoderma 
tarsale, 

122 Insects affecting stored Rice. 

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 790. 
Mentions several beetles. 

123 Hypermetamorphoses of the Meloi- 
dae. 

Am. Nat, 1883, v. 17, p. 790—9I. 
Revision of the nomenclature of 
the larval forms. 

124 Enemies of the Egg-plant. 

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1070. 
Mentions Cassida tewana, Dory- 
phora juncta. 

125 Habits of Murmidius. 

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1071. 
Lives in old rice and straw; spins 
a cocoon; names several cocoon— 
spinning beetles. 

126 Cantharis Nuttalli injuring wheat. 

Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1174. 

127 Hymenorus rufipes as a myrmico- 
philus species. 

Am, Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1176. 

In nests of Formica fusca, 
128 Report of the Entomologist. 

Rept. Comm. Agric, 1883, p. 99 to 

180, 

Pages 159—10, plate 12, fig. 3, 
give descriptions and figures of all 
stages of Galeruca xanthomeleena; 
also remedial recommendations. 


129 Hitherto unknown mode of ovipo- 
sition in the Carabidae. 

Science, 1884, v. 4, p. 342. 
Chleenius 
from eqg to beetle. 

130 The insects of the year. 
Science, 1884, v. 4, p. 565 —68. 
The seasona! occurrence of insects. 
Riley, C. V. & H. G. Hubbard. 
131 (Habitats of Mezium.) 
Science, 1884, v. 4, No. 96. p. 5, 
Bull. 
Roberts; ©. H. 
132 (Notes on beetles.) 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 77-9. 
Saunders, William. 
133 Insects injurious to the White Pine 
Pinus strobus, 

Rept. Ent. Soc, Ontario, for 1883, 

1884, p. 52—59. 

Several beetles are reported upon. 
Saunders, W. E. 
134 Insects injurious to drugs. 

Ca. Ent. 1833, v. 15, p: 81—83) 

Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1883, 

1884. p. 29—-30. 

Mentions six beetles. 
Schaupp, F. G. 
135 On the occurrence of Amphicoma 
(lupina). 

Bull. Bkl. E. S, 1883, v. 5, p. 83. 
Flying over the sand at Coney Is- 
land, New York. 

136 Hints for raising Coleopterous 
larvae, 

BullSBKly Ey Ss slSSea) Va) Opals 

16—I09. 

137 List of Carabidae, found in the 
neighborhood of New York City. 

Bull. Bkl. FE. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 29 to 

32: 71 — 72. 

Annotated list of about 214 species. 
138 Sea-shore collecting. 

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 36. 
Notes on a few Carabide. 

139 Synoptic table of Bradycellus. 

Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 50. 

140 Larva of Galerucella sagittariae 
Gyll. 
Bull. Bkl, E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 54. 


impunctifrons traced 


oe 


141 The species of Cicindelidae. 152 Mordellidae, Notes & Descriptions. 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 73 to Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 6, p. 3—5. 
108, plates. 153 Synopsis of the Apioninae of North 
142 Remarks and descriptions of new America. 
species (of Cicindelidae). Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, v. 11, 
Bull. Bkl. E. S, 1884, v. 6, p. 121 p. 4168, plate 3. 
to 124, figures. Snow, F. H. 
Schwarz, E. A. 154 Additions to the list of Kansas Cole- 
143 Insects affecting drugs. optera in 1881 and 1882. 
Ca, Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 140; Trans. Kans. Acad. v. 8, p. 58. 
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario for 1883, Not seen. 
1884, p. 30. 155 Trogoderma tarsale as a Musenm 
Adds Lasioderma serricorne and pest. 
Cryphalus jalappee to the list Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 199, (from 
given by W. E. Saunders. Psyche v. 3). 
144 Injury done by Colaspis tristis. Stejneger, L. 
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 978. 156 Contributions to the history of the 


Commander Island. 


Destruction of the terminal shoots 
; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, v. 6, p. 


of the pear and peach. 


8.—89. 
145 Coleoptera infesting Prickly Ash. A fe families and genera are 
Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 1288—9. mentioned. 
146. Habits of Blaps and Embaphion. |Stone, George H. 
Am. Nat, 1884, v. 18, p. 76. 157 Epilachna corrupta as an injurious 
147 Carabidae confined to single plants. insect. 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 6, p. 135-6. Am. Nat. 1883, v. 17, p. 198—-99. 


Feeding on blackwax beans. 
Townsend, C. H. T. 


158 On the variation of the elytral mark- 
ings in Cicindela sexguttata. 


Ca. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 205—8. 
159 Further remarks upon the variation 


Morio monilicornis and ? Psy- 
drus piceus under pine bark, Dro- 
mius atriceps in stems of grass 
and Onota floridana between leaf- 
ribs of Cabbage palmetto. 


148 Notes on the food-habits of some of the elytral markings in Cicindela 
N.A. Rhynchophora. sexguttata. 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1884, v. 7, p. 84-5. Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 125—27. 
Sharp, D. 160 The proportion of the sexes in Ci- 
149 Revision of the species included in| Cimdela vulgaris Say and other 
iene £ notes on the species. 
the genus ropisternus (fam, Hydro- Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 227—31. 
philidae. 161 Note on the inequality of the elytra 
Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. in Alaus oculatus. 
gI—117. Ca, Ent. 1884, v. 16, p. 238—3o9. 
Shufeldt, R. W. Troop, James. 


150 Observations upon a collection of 


162 Strawberry Pests. 
Insects made in the vicinity of New 


Science, 1884, v. 4, No. oI, p. 6, 





Orleans, La., during the years 1882 Bull. 

and 1883. Notes on Tyloderma fragarice and 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, v. 7, p. Otiorhynchus ligneus. 
331—38. Van Wagenen, G. H. 


List of species, copy from Riley 163 (Abundance of Galeruca xanthome- 


of notes and figures of a luminous esc, Cae 5, p. 160 


Hates Williston, S. W. 
smith, J. 5. 164 Protective secretions of a species of 
151 New Mordellidae and Notes. Eleodes. 
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1883, v. 5, p. 80-1. Psyche, 1884, v. 4, p. 168—69. 


(To be continued. ) 


New species of Californian Moths. 
By Henry Epwarps. 
FAM. 42GERIADAE. 

Pyrrhotaenia Elda, n. sp. (?) 

Closely allied to P. helianthi, P. fragaricee and P. Behrensii. The forewings 
are bright bluish green, with the internal margin fiery copper red, this color being 
broadest at the base, ceasing before reaching the interior angle. The lower wings 
are fiery copper red, the fringes of both pairs golden purple. Front, pectus, palpi, 
sides of thorax and abdomen, caudal tuft, three posterior se sments of abdomen, fore 
femora, and all the tibize fiery copper red. Both pairs of wings are quite opaque. 
Beneath there is on secondaries a black discal spot, and the upper wings are coppery 
red with a purple flush, and purplish toward the posterior half. 

It is by no means unlikely that this is the Q of P. Behrensi, the 
lower wings of which are transparent. and should this prove to be the 
case it may also be concluded that P. helianthi with opaque wings is the 
© of P. fragari@, in which the wings are transparent. ‘The fact of 
the different disposition of the abdominal band is against this conclusion, 
but a careful study of the group has convinced me that the sexes differ 
considerably, and in P- animosa Hy. Edw., described in Papilio, Vol. 3, 
p. 156, they are distinguished by the character referred to, the lower wings 
of the © being transparent, while those of the 9 are opaque. In other 
of the genera this peculiarity appears, especially so in Sanna exitiosa 
Walk., and in Fa/wa denudata Harr., and I shrewdly suspect that AZelitiea 
(Sesta) grande Streck. will prove to be the % of AZ. gloriosa Hy. Edw. I 
have seen none but <j‘, of the former of these species and none but Q @ 
of the latter. But further observation is needed, and we may have some 
time to wait for definite conclusions as the insects are remarkably rare, 
P. Elda is the size of P. Behrensit (20 mm.) and is described from 2 9 
taken in Siskiyou Co, California, by Mr. James Behrens. 

FAM. BOMBYCIDAE, 

Nadata Behrensil, n. sp. \ 

Paler in color than either N. gibbosa or N. Doubledayi, the markings therefore 
standing out in bolder relief. The apex of the primaries greatly produced and the 
scalloped margins strongly defined. The anterior line is more bent in on the costa 
towards the base, thus leaving a much wider space between it and the posterior line 
than in either of the other two species. The white discal spots are ovate in shape, 
not round as in NV. gibbosa. and they are surmounted by a very conspicuous dusky 
shade. The secondaries have a well defined median band, which in the J is paler 
than the ground color of the wing, but in the Q somewhat darker. The underside 
is very pale buff, almost sordid white, a reddish shade on apex of primaries, and a 
pale brown median band common to both wings. Antenne tawny. ‘Thorax, legs, 
abdomen and palpi all sordid white, the latter without black tips. 

Exp. wings §' 45 mm:, © 52mm. _ Length of body 24 mm., Q 
20 mimeo Butte!Co.,Cal. ..(R. Hatstretch). 1 Q Siskiyou Co., 
(J. Behrens). 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 8 


’ 


—5o0— 


FAM. NOCTUIDAE. 


Catocala Andromache, n. sp. 

Alhed to (. Desdemona Hy. Edw. (Papilio, Vol. 2, p. 15) but much smaller, 
and with confused and indistinct markings to the upper wings. Their color is green- 
ish drab, the lines all with darker shadings above and below them, and more regular 
in their outline than in (, Desdemona. The basal half-line is almost obsolete, the t-a 
much produced outwardly in the middle, while the t-p has a strong tooth outwardly 
on the third subcostal vein. Reniform and subreniform almost lost in the speckled sur- 
face of the median space, Secondaries dull orange, dusky at base and along the abdom- 
mal margin, Median band as in (. Desdemona, widest in the centre, and sharply 
produced into a hook, which reaches the abdominal edge. Marginal band white at 
the apex, narrowing suddenly in the center, and abruptly and broadly cut by the 
orange field leaving an ovate black spot at the anal angle. Underside dull orange, 
the primaries bearing a broad black median band, the apex also being broadly black. 
In the specimen before me, the marginal band is divided by an orange dash as it ap- 
proaches the internal angle. Band of secondaries as on upper side, 

Exp. wings 44 mm. Length of body 20 mm. 

1 i near San Hernardino, Cal. Collection of J. Akhurst. 

No other yellow winged Catocala is known to me from California 
except C, Zoe Behr., which belongs to another section of the genus. 


FAM. GEOMETRIDAE. 

Triphosa pustularia, n. sp. (?) 

In this singular form the primaries are blackish brown, with the posterior mar- 
gins, a square patch in the middle of the dark posterior space, and three or four large 
patches on the costa, pale fawn color, These marks are in very strong contrast with 
the ground shade. The secondaries are also pale fawn color, with the lines dark 
brown, and the abdomen is brown with fawn colored band, Underside with reddish 
tint, strongly marked discal spot, and the lines all rather indistinct. 

Exp. wings 45 mm. Length of body 18 mm. 

1d’, 1 9. Summit, Sierra Nevada, (Hy. Edw.). 1 © British Co- 
lumbia, (J. J. Rivers). 1 Q Soda Spring, Shasta Co.. (J. Behrens). 

This may possibly prove to be an extreme variety of the well known 
£. dubitata, but it is so distinct in its markings as to deserve at least a 
varietal name. 


Triphosa badiaria, n. sp. 

Ground color of both wings bright yellowish brown, with the lines, bands and 
discal spot of a very dark brown shade, The median dark band is of almost equal 
width throughout, and only slightly dentate on its edges. The base and costa are also 
dark brown, Above the posterior margin, which is black, are some brown lunules, 
the same ornamentation being carried around the margin of the secondaries, which 
are dusky for their basal half. Underside dull fawn brown, discal spots very distinct, 
but the lines only faintly marked. Thorax and abdomen yellowish brown. 

Exp. wings 40 mm. Length of body 16 mm. 

1 Q. Shasta Co, Cal., (Hy. Edw.). 

Certainly a distinct species, which cannot, I think, be at all referred 
to any known form. 


- 


—s5i— 


A note on Scotocryptus. 
By Grorce H. Horn, M.D. 


The above genus was indicated by Girard (Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 
1874, p. 574) fora blind Sv/phide but was not sufficiently described to 
enable me to place it with certainty in my tables of genera. Recently 
Dr. Sharp has received a second species and realizing the difficulty above 
alluded to deals more fully with the generic characters (Comptes-rendus, 
Soc. Ent. Belg. Feb. 1885). 

The anterior coxee are transverse and moderately prominent and 
their cavities enclosed by the meeting of the epimera and prosternum., 
By the system suggested by me these characters place the genus in the 
Antsotomini as indicated in my Revision (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 
319) and with the help of Dr. Sharp's notes its place seems immediately 
after Agariwophagus and before instead of after Zzodes. The absence of 
eves is otherwise unknown to me in the Azzso/ominit and it would be in- 
teresting to know whether the posterior coxz are separated as is often the 
case in blind insects, although no mention of this is made either by 
Sharp or Girard and the very poor figure given by the latter seems to in- 
dicate that they are contiguous. 

The tarsi on all the feet are three-jointed. To this character Dr. 
Sharp attributes considerable value and makes it the sole groundwork for 
the separation of a tribe which he places between the Amzso/omini and 
Chokvint, From my own studies this numerical reduction of the several 
joints is only another step in the direction so plainly indicated in the 
genera already known. In order that the idea may be more readily 
grasped the genera may be disposed in the following order, the numbers 
referring to the tarsal joints: 


Triarthron 5—5—5, of Q. Amphicyllis 5—5—4, cd. 
Stereus 5-5-5, do Q. 5-4-4, Q. 
Hydnobius 5—s—s, J Q. Agathidium 5—5—4, c. 
Dietta 5-55, 6 ?. 5—4—4, Q. 
Anogdus 5-5-4, dQ. 4—4—4, Q. 
Anisotoma 5—5-—4, ' Q. Agaricophagus 4—3—3, of Q. 
Colenis 55-4, Jd Q. Aglyptus 43-3, 6 &. 
Cyrtusa 5—5—4, Jd Q. 3-3-3, Q. 
Isoplastus 5—5—4, cj. Scotecryptus: 13—3-—3, . Gi, @: 
5—4—-4, Q. 
Liodes 5—5—4, oC: 
5—4—4, Q. 


In a study of the above arrangement it will be seen that Szofocrypt- 
us follows naturally the course indicated by the genera which precede it. 
In order that the numerical combinations shall be complete several new 


—52— 


genera will have to be discovered, and the missing genera may be hypo- 
thetically indicated as far as the tarsal structure by any one whose inclin- 
ations run that way. 

In the tribe C/laméini the tarsi are 4-4-4 in both sexes in the 
three genera known to me. 

The antennze of the Azzsofomini exhibit a somewhat similar tendency 
to numerical modifications: first, by having nine or ten joints; second, 
by the variation of the number of joints composing the club, being either 
three, four or five. 

In view of the facts above presented I cannot adopt the course of 
Dr. Sharp in separating Sco/ocryplus as a distinct tribe based on the num- 
ber of tarsal joints, while the absence of eyes is but rarely of generic value 
and in some instances merely sexual, 

SYNONYMICAL NOTES. 

My attention has been called by Mr. S. Henshaw to the omission 
of the following species from my list of those described by Mr. 
Newman. GerorGcE H. Horvy. 

Catogenus puncticollis, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1839, p. 399 = C. rufus Fabr. 
Endomychus perpulcher, Ent. Mag. V, p. 390 = Mycetina perpulchra Newm. 
Schizotus cervicalis, Ent. Mag. V, p. 374. 

Cicindela ventralis, Ent. Mag. V, p. 414. 

The species is not recognizably described, the name is preoccupied 
and should be dropped. 


=a 09 + 


AAA. S. 


The next meeting of the American Association for the Advancement 
of Science will be held at Ann Arbor, Mich., commencing August 26th, 
1885. The Entomological Club will meet at that place on August 25th 
according to its by-laws: exact locality not yet determined. 

Will those members of the Club, or other Entomologists who ex- 
pect to be present, please notify one of the undersigned, and also send 
in the title of any papers they expect to read, and the length of time they 
expect to occupy, so that a programme can be arranged. The exact 
place and hour of meeting, as well as the programme so far as fixed, will 
be published later. 

Chairman: John B. Smith, Brooklyn, N.Y. 
Herbert Osborn, Ames, Iowa. 
B. Pickman Mann, Washington, D.C. 
~ Committee. 


On the identity of Cyaniris ladon of Cramer with C. pseud- 
argiolus of Boisduval and Leconte. 


BY ARTHUR"G. BUTLER, FAS... FZ. SoG. 


In the third volume of his ‘‘Description de Papillons exotiques”, 
pl. CcLxx, D, E; Cramer figures a blue Lycenid under the name of Papilio 
/adon; in his text p. 141 he says—‘‘On 7’ a frouve au Cap de bon Espér- 
ance”. 

In his Encyclopédie Méthodique, vol. rx, p. 678, Godart describes 
the species and repeats Cramer's locality. 

Mr. Trimen, “Rhopalocera Africee Australis” p. 252, again describ- 
es the species but says at the end of his description—‘‘The only example 
I have seen is the (J specimen in the British Museum”. 

The specimen mentioned by Trimen bears a label referring to the 
Old Museum Register in which I find P.Zadon Cram. a. S. Africa ?, 
the locality having evidently been assumed from the fact that Cramer 
gives Cape of Good Hope as the habitat of the species. 

The specimen described by Mr. Trimen is the form of C. pseudargi- 
olus to which Mr, W. H. Edwards has given the name of Lycena margin- 
ata; it does not wholly agree with Cramer’s figure, the latter being rep- 
resented by a form nearer to the Lycena wiolacea of Edwards and differ- 
ing from Z. margina/a in the absence of the brown marginal suffusion 
only; a series of this—the typical form of C, Zadon—was in the ‘Zeller’ 
collection labelled as Lyc@na /ucia; two specimens of typical Z. Zucta 
stood with the series, which was obtained from Maine, U.S.A. 

The date of publication of Cramer's species is 1782, that of the de- 
scription of pseudargiolus is 1833; so that there can be no question as to 
the priority of the name C. /adon, the only pity is that M. Boisduval 
should have failed to recognize the species owing to the false locality 
given by Cramer. 

rt 0 


Notes and News. 


In No. 1, Vol. VIII of the Journal of the Cincinnati Soc. of Nat. 
Hist. p. 49 is a translation of an article from the ‘‘Bulletin de la Societe 
Geologique de France” 3me series, Vol. XII, p. 676, eseg., entitled 
‘“‘On the tracks of Insects resembling the impression of plants’. In it 
are described the tracks or tunnels made by a species of mole cricket 
just under the surface of a clay soil, and the superficial resemblance of 
these elevations to stems of certain species of plants is pointed out. It 
is suggested that if by any chance such a track were preserved in, or im- 
pressed on sandstone, it might very easily be mistaken for a fossil Brachy- 


phyllum or Phymatoderma. The article is of great interest, presenting an- 
other difficulty to the student of fossil remains. 
‘ * E * 

Mr. L. O. Howard writes us that during the month of December 
enormous numbers of the great water-bug—Lelostoma grandis—were at- 
tracted to the electric lights in New Orleans. In the late evening the 
pavements along Canal Street were seen almost swarming with disabled 
specimens of this insect, and many thousands were destroyed by being 
crushed under foot. He states that he was well aware of the readiness 
with which this species is attracted by light, but was hardly prepared for 
such a scene as this. The large water beetle—Cybister fimbriolatus— 
was also attracted with the Beiostoma, but in smaller numbers. 


* * 
* 


Dr. Hagen informs us that the Collection of Lepidoptera heretofore 
at the Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass., is now in his charge at Cam- 
bridge. The move is a good, and very necessary one. The collection 
contains many of Dr. Packard's and some of Mr. Morrison's types, and 
was slowly going to dust and Anfhrenus when last we saw it. 


* * 
* 


Lt. Casey has also donated his collection to the Museum at Cam- 
bridge. Having been ordered to California on military duty he was un- 
able to take the collection with him and thus disposed of it. With 
Coleoptera, the Museum is now fairly well supplied. 


* * 
* 


The American Entomological Society has appointed Mr. S. F. 
Aaron its curator for the balance of the year, ata salary. This is a timely 
action, for the collections of that Society are too valuable to be allowed 
to go to ruin, It will be a comfort also for visitors and students to find 
some one that knows which family of Lepidoptera is concealed in the 
boxes marked Hymenoptera etc. 

x * 
* 

We understand that Prof. Baird, Director of the U.S. National Mu- 
seum has decided to appoint an assistant Curator of the Department of 
Insects in that Museum, ata salary of $1500 per annum, and that 
Prof, Riley the Honorary Curator, in view of the fact that this action 
will secure the permanent care of collections, in case of his death or re- 
moval from Washington, has decided to turn over to the Museum allthis 
own collections, the larger part of which are already deposited in the 
Museum, Also that increased attention will be given this Department 
after July first. Prof. Riley is now looking for a competent man to take 
the place and will be glad to receive applications. 

* * 


* 


It may be of some interest to learn how much ofa collection the 
National Museum can at present boast of From data kindly furnished by 
Prof. Riley, the following has been compiled. 

Ist: Collection, C. V. Riley, 17,725 species with 115,058 specimens, 
divided as follows: Hymenoptera 2,550 species, 24,796 spec. ; Coleoptera 
g,058 species, 48,618 spec.; Diptera 699 species, 5,646 spec. ; Lepidop- 
tera 2,368 species, 17,098 spec.; Hemiptera 1,134 species, 8,862 spec. ; 
Orthoptera 560 species, 6,903 spec.; Neuroptera 160 species, 868 spec.; 
Arachnidze and Myriapoda 110 species, 425 spec.; Galls and Gall in- 
sects 734 species, 4,152 specimens; the balance miscellaneus and Insect 


Architecture. 
There is also an alcoholic collection, principally of adolescent states, 


containing 2,850 vials, and a collection of some 3000 slides of minute 
insects and larvae mounted in Canada Balsam. 

2nd: Collection of Department of Agriculture. Containing a_ large 
lot of material accumulated in the practical work of the division, and by 
the collections of its employees. It contains about 5000 species-—mostly 
exotic—not in the Riley collection. 

3rd; Collection of the National Museum. This is the poorest of the 
lot, and consists principally of the material sent in during the past three 
years from all sources. There are about 2000 species not in either of 


the other collections. 
4th: The exhibit collection of Economic Entomology prepared 


for the New Orleans Exhibition, valuable for its economical interest. A 
catalogue of this has been printed. 

This forms a good nucleus, and in charge ofa competent and enter- 
prising curator it will quickly take rank as one of the most important in 
the country. The large collection of larvae forms a distinct and decided 
addition to its value. 


* * 
initherProe.) Acs NoSc: 1885, D. 24, Mr. Strecker describes a new 
Colias (ets), from the Rocky Mts. on the boundary between the U. S. 
and British America. Mr. Strecker says: *‘It is an act of temerity to de- 
scribe a Colias as new under any circumstances in these days, and doub- 
ly so to describe it from examples of the female sex alone, yet I have no 
apprehension that the above insect will not stand as a valid species.” 
Mr. Strecker is usually not much ofa splitter, and it is somewhat 
curious that he should feel so positive of his new species, while Mr. W. 
H. Edwards, who has been strongly suspected of a leaning to numerous 
species, contends that it is nothing but a slight variation of a well known 
western form—JZeadii I believe. It will be something new to find Mr, 
Edwards trying to prove species identical. 
* 


* 


* 


Mr. Strecker also (loc. cit. p. 26) describes a specimen of Cecropia 
with an extra primary, or rather the rudiment of one. Rather an in- 
teresting and rare monstrosity! 


* * 
* 


In the May No. of the ‘‘Correspondenzblatt des Entomologischen 
Vereins ‘Iris’ zu Dresden”, Mr. J. ROber describes a similar monstrosity 
of Limenitis populi; the specimen isa j', and has besides four normally 
complete wings an additional left secondary, equal to a fragment con- 
taining the first three veins. 

Mr. Hulbert writes us from New Britain Conn. that Antho haris 
genutia is not uncommon near that place on rocky hills. It flies with a 
jerky motion, which renders it easily distinguishable from Puerts rape 
with which its white color might cause it to be confounded. 


* * 
* 


Lt. T. L. Casey in his new location is not idle—he has sent us 
some ‘‘Miscellaneous Notes’, from which we cull the following: 


The description of a somewhat singular deformity may be of some 
interest. The specimen is one of a large series and of a species of 
Eleodes, very common about San Francisco; it is remarkably uniform in 
- sculpture, being very smooth and polished with minute and_ sparse 
punctuation. In this specimen, however, the left elytron is entirely cover- 
ed with a regular series of small closely placed costee which are confused- 
ly and conspicuously though minutely rugulose, and separated by well- 
marked strize; the right elytron is of the normal smoothness. The con- 
trast between the two is so great that it almost seems as if the left elytron 
had been removed and another of exactly the same form but of a roughly 
sculptured species had been substituted. 


I cannot account for this eccentricity except possibly that in bygone 
ages the species was roughly sculptured, and that by reason of compar- 
atively recent changes of condition and modification of surroundings it 
has become smooth. The phenomenon could then be considered to be 
the result of an effort on the part of nature to bring to light its pristine 
features, in the same manner as in the human species, where as is well 
known, characteristics of ancestors long since passed away, frequently 
re-assert themselves in the children of after generations. 


Involuntary Movement after Death. 


A chicken jumping spasmodically about after its head has been 
severed and after actual death has taken place is a familiar sight to most 
of us. These movements are simply the result of involuntary contract- 


ions and relaxations of the muscles, and are analogous to a phenomenon 
- which I have noticed in beetles. but of course on a much more extended 
scale. On several occasions while examining minute Staphylinidze which 
had been dead thirty hours or more, with ordinary powers of the mi- 
croscope, | was surprised to find a feeble motion in the outer joints of 
the antenne. This motion was a gentle and irregular waving to and 
fro, the base of the organ being perfectly rigid, and reminding me of 
similar twistings often to be observed in the tip of a cat’s tail when the 
base of that appendage is entirely motionless. “These movements have 
undoubtedly been noticed and recorded before, and they are simply men- 
tioned here because it may be supposed that so small and_ slender an 
insect, having been in alcohol for twelve hours and gummed for about 
the same or longer period subsequently, would have become so dry and 
rigid as to prevent any such movement. 

I was very careful to see that no draughts or other disturbing causes 
could give rise to this singular action, — Th bee 

* r * 

In our next number we shall commence a very interesting article on 
‘Bees and other hording insects; their specialization into females, males 
and workers”. For the Lepidopterists, who may perhaps think their in- 
terests rather neglected thus far, we have a supply of literature, which 
we shall present at an early date. 


—_———_————= > «> + 2 


Book Notices. 


Report of the Entomologist, Charles V. Riley, M. A., Ph. D., for the year 1884. 
Washington, Govt. Printing Office, 1885. From the Report of the Dept. of Agri- 
culture for 1884, pp. 285—418 and plates I to X. 

The public is accustomed to careful and valuable Reports from Prof. 
Riley, and this is not behind the others. As usual, a number of new 
species of economic interest are described and illustrated and the life 
historjes of quite a number are worked out. Cabbage insects are pro- 
minently treated of and the life history of several Noctuid species is 
given. Reports on special subjects studied by field agents during the 
summer of 1384 occupy a portion of the Report and treat of pests that 
for some reason have attracted unusual attention. ‘Ten plates illustrate 
the insects treated of and their life habits, and still further enhance the 
value of the Report. 


‘Descriptions of North American Chalcidide from the collections of the U.S. 
Department of Agriculture, and of Dr, C. V. Riley, with Biological Notes. To- 
gether with a list of the described North American Species of the Family, by L. O. 
Howard. M. Sc., Assistant, Bureau of Entomology.”’ 

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 9 


. 


ree 


This paper is issued as Bulletin No. 5 of the Bureau of Entomology 
and its scope is sufficiently set forth in its title. Mr. Howard has for’ 
some time past made a special study of the parasitic Hymenoptera, and 
we are pleased to see some of the results of his patient and_ persistent 
labor. Six sub-families are embraced in the present paper. All the 
genera and a large number of new species are described. ‘The paper is 
a valuable addition to the literature of this most interesting order, 


Catalogue of the Exhibit of Economic Entomology at the World’s Industrial 
and Cotton Centennial Exposition, New Orleans: 1884-85. Washington, (Dept. 
of Agriculture) 1884, pp. I—95. 

Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba (Republico Arg- 
entina) Tome VII, Entraga 1, 2 et 3. Buenos Aires 1884, pp. I—392. [All oc- 
cupied by an article on the Staphylinde of Buenos Aires, by Féhx Lynch Arri— 
balzaga]. 

Contributions to the Descriptive and Systematic Coleopterology of North 
America. PartII. By Thos. L. Casey, Lieut. of Eng’rs, U. S. A. Philadelphia, 
December 1884, pp. 61—198. 

Mr. Casey has here given us a pamphlet, for which, with the best 
possible intentions, it is impossible to say a word of praise. He describes 
g3 new species, several of them in genera that have not yet been worked 
up. Thus there are several new species of Bembidium, or as Mr. Casey 
calls it ‘‘Bembéidion”; a new Tachys which it takes over a page of brevier 
type to describe, which is two millimeters Jong, and is unique. Such de- 
scriptions are aggravating, for their minuteness of detail, and after all 
they amount to nothing but additional names for the lists. 

There are also three new species of Cra/acanthus based on color and 
proportion of parts. This, in our opinion is unwarranted; duéius is an 
exceedingly variable form, and every species described by Mr. Casey is 
represented in our series. 

Mr. Casey in his introductory remarks, stated that he used a bin- 
ocular microscope with mechanical universal-jointed stage clip for hold- 
ing the pin. ‘This as we can testify from personal inspection is a fine 
instrument, but the great difficulty is that it exaggerates unimportant 
characters—every individual has peculiarities, in which it differs from 
other individuals of the same species, and Mr. Casey’s careful descript- 
ions are individual, and not characteristic of species, Mr. Casey entirely 
fails to make any allowance for variation. His illustration in reference 
to astronomical minutness of detail is totally inapplicable. This science 
has for its aim the discovery of the Zaws regulating stellar motions. These 
laws are immutable—there is no allowance to make for variations; while 
in the Coleoptera there are scarcely two specimens exactly alike. 


We think a great deal of Mr. Casey, and believe him to be a close 
observer, a careful and conscientious student, and able to take a high 
rank as a coleopterist; nevertheless, or for that very reason, we are very 
sorry to receive such a paper from him It is an obstacle, rather than an 
aid to students, and we think that some day Mr. Casey’ will say of this 
as Dr. Leconte did of one of his early papers—I quote from memory— 
“One of the crude results of my earlier studies was a monograph of the 
genus Pasimachus, where, being then inexperienced in the recognition 
of species, individual characters were given a value which subsequent 
studies and material proved they did not possess”. He adds that he 
should have considered it a favor, had the manuscript been returned to 
him for revision or declined, J2BeS: 
Revised Catalogue of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of America, North of Mexico, 

by W. H. Edwards. ‘Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XI, 1884, pp. 94, [Issued February 
1Sth, 1885]. 

This brings the list of species to the beginning of 1885. A notable 
feature is an index to genera and species, but altogether the work is 
hardly an improvement over the previous edition. Of course Mr, Ed- 
wards allows none of the conclusions of recent writers on butterflies to 
influence him in his estimation of species. 

Notes on the Systematic Position of some North American Lepidoptera, by 
John B. Smith. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 77-—84, pl. III, [February 188s]. 

Discusses the genera classed as Zyg@niwe in the lists. 

On the North American Asilide (Part Il). By S. W. Williston, M.D., Trans. 
Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 53—76, (January 1885). 

Contains synopses of Liphris, Wallop ora, Promachus, Erax, and 
Proctocanthus. Dy. Williston here continues his monographie work, and 
there is now no reason, why, in the families thus classified, students 
should not be able to collect and arrange intelligently. 


ee 0 ee 


Society News. 


Brooklyn Entomological Society. May 5th, 1885.-—'lwenty-one members 
present, Mr. Cramer in the chair. ‘The Secretary reported the correspondence 
with the President of the Agassiz Association, and submitted a proposition for a 
course of Introductory Lessons to be prepared by Members of the Society. It 
was resolved that the annual excursion of the Society be to Passaic Falls, Patter- 
son, N. J., on May 30, 1885, and Mr. Roberts was appointed a committee to ar- 
range details and notify members. Prof. F. Fillon was elected a member. 

Mr. Angell read a paper on some variations of Chrysvimela philadelphica Lec. 
and Sealaris Lec., leading to a belief in their specific identity. This was illu- 
strated by drawing of the varieties showing the gradual change of maculation 


ta 


from that typical of one form, to that typical of another.* My, Smith added that 
these variations were largely selected from material obtained by him, and there 
were some interesting facts as to the localities from which those specimen came. 
In Cambridge he collected several hundreds of (. scalaris, all perfectly alike. In 
the pineries of New Jersey he collected (. philadelphica, slightly variable but with 
no particular tendency toward scalaris. In Cape Cod both species were found, 
and both somewhat variable, showing a tendency to an obliteration of the lines 
of demarcation between species. Specimens from the Adirondacks further close 
the gap, while material received from Canada showed a surprising range of vari- 
ation and furnished most of the interesting forms completing the links between 
the species. ‘This was interesting because he had found that in both Coleoptera 
and Lepidoptera, species that elsewhere were constant enough showed a decided 
tendency to variation in the same localities. The fauna of Northern New York 
and Canada is one of extreme interest and deserves careful study. 

Mr. Waters exhibited a specimen of Anisota Heilighrodtii together with the 
cocoon from which it was obtained. Mr. Hulst remarked on this, that all the 
other species of Anisota had naked pupe and were subterranean, while here was 
a species apparently congeneric, which had a double cocoon like (ecropia, spun 
on mesquit: not a solid cocoon, but net-like, so as to show the pupa. Mr. Doll 
said that the geometrid Eucaterva variaria raised by him, spun a very similar co- 
coon, also double. Mr. Hy. Edwards joined the meeting after adjournment and 
remarked on this subject that under some.circumstances the species of Datanu 
will spin a light cocoon among debris, so alse as to most of the other Bombycida 
that are usually subterranean. 


Entomological Society of Washington. April 2, 1885..—~Mr. Schwarz ex- 
hibited specimens of Rhopalopus sanguinicollis Horn and remarked that this 
Cerambycid is one of the few species peculiar to the mountainous regions of the 
Alleghanies. He contrasted this scarcity of peculiar mountainous species with 
the rich montane and colline faunz of Europe, given as the reason of the differ- 
ence, the long-established cultivation of the soil in Europe by which the fauna 
and fiora of the plants have become differentiated from those of the less cultivat- 
ed hills and the uncultivated mountains. 

Mr. Howard made a statement in regard to the parasites of Thyridopteryw 
ephemerceeformis. He had found the larve of Hemiteles thyridopterigis being eaten 
by a Chalcid larva, presumably that of the Pteromalus commonly bred from the 
bags of the Thyridopteryx. He generalized on the difficult distinction between 
primary and secondary parasites. 

Dr. Marx read a paper on the Arachnid collected by Dr. Turner in North- 
ern Labrador. The best presented families are the Lycosoide, the Drassoidw 
and Tomisoide. 

May 6.—Mr. Schwarz exhibited newly hatched specimens of Epice@rus im— 
bricatus, still possessing the mandibular appendages. One specimen illustrated 
the process of losing these appendages. They do not break off in one piece, but 
the basal third remains attached to the mandibles and must be lost at a later 


time. 
A discussion took place between Dr. Barnard and Messrs. Stewart, Schwarz 


and Howard respecting the collection of Neuroptera. : 





* The paper with plate illustrating the varieties will appear in an early 
number. 


TOME OGI¢ 
AMERICANA — 


VOL. I. BROOKLYN, JULY, 1885. NO. 4. 








Bees and other Hoarding Insects. 


Their Specialization into Females, Males and Workers. * 


By Epwin A. CuRLEY. 


I beg that you will note the order in which I have mentioned the 
sexes. It is females and males, and not males and females. In a scien- 
tific discussion, I feel constrained to tell the unvarnished.truth regardless 
of the consequences to the social fabric; and among the Hymenopiera, it 
is most certainly a fact, that the ladies are all-important, and the gentle- 
men approach as closely to perfect insignificance as it is fairly possible to 
conceive. The happiness ofa hundred thousand most willing slaves 
depends upon the mother-bee of the hive, while three thousand lle 
males do nothing but eat and loaf, and flit in the sunshine, in the hope 
of that hymenial favor which only one of their number is destined to re- 
ceive; while to the one that attains the one short flight in the sunshine 
of wedded bliss, which is the sole object of his existence, the immediate 
consequence 1s the sharp pain of mutilation, and then a lingering death 
to be promptly followed, or perhaps to be accompanied by the execution 
of his 2,999 insignificant and now worse than useless rivals. 

In discussing the differentiation of bees into females, males, and 
workers, I shall have no need to call your attention to any new discover- 
ies in the world of wonders among those minute creatures that we have 
had with us for all ages, and whose life we are just now beginning faintly 
to understand. My illustrations will be drawn mainly from other orders, 
in which it will be impossible for me to make a mistake without its being 
readily seen by some of the general public as well as the specialists. 





* Read before the Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Dec., 29, 1884. 


02 


The limits of this paper will not permit elaborate definitions, or fine 
discriminations, and I have therefore to ask that you will kindly make 
your own definitions, taking care to give to my words in general, the 
narrowest sense compatible with the use to which I apply them. 

From the creatures and the plants, that man has domesticated for 
his use, we have learned nearly all of the lessons in heridity, which we 
have no good reason to unlearn, and my first illustration shall be from 
one of these, the barn yard fowl. 

If we mate a Black Spanish fowl with a Buff Cochin, and hatch out 
the eggs as the bees do theirs, in an incubator, till we have a hundred 
chicks, among these we shall find a very great diversity. Some when 
fally grown will be nearly, if not quite as heavy as the Ruff Cochin, and 
some will weigh little, if any, more than the Black Spanish. Their re- 
spective weights will probably vary between those natural to their sex in 
the two varieties to which their progenitors belong, but much the larger 
number will be very nearly half way between, And as color is not neces- 
sarily correlated with weight, itis quite possible that the heaviest chick 
will be the blackest; that is to say, that he may take his color almost en- 
tirely from one parent, and his weight and form from the other. In color 
every one of tne hundred chicks will, when fully grown, be in some de- 
gree distinguished from every other; and if we take color, size and form 
together for our guide, there will not be one among the whole number 
that we cannot readily distinguish from every other. Now this particular 
cross from the great difference in size, form and color of the parent stock 
enables us to see very clearly a fact which the closest and most careful in- 
vestigation shows to be a general law It is this: 

All offspring are variable by heridity, And under some circumstances 
ithe variations are wide. 

Nearly every youth, who has amused himself with an aquarium, 
knows that he can dwarf his fish if he chooses to do so. Other things 
being equal, the weight of a fish depends upon the amount of food it is 
allowed to consume. This variability is so great among fishes, that of 
two as nearly alike as possible, either one may be fed so that he shall ex- 
ceed a pound in weight, before the other, receiving very little food, shall 
turn the scale at an ounce. 

Thus insufficiency of food affects the development of all organs. 
Ail breeders of animals have some knowledge of this fact as applied to 
their own business, and of which our fish merely affords a striking ex- 
ample, It is an inevitable deduction, that when the food is of the general 
quality which is suitable for the due nourishment of all the organs but is 
insufficient in amount, the stronger organs, if such there be, will take 


ae 
more than their share, and the weaker organs will go to the wall. From 
this matter of food supply we have a general law, which may be stated as 
follows: 

Living creatures are variable from the amount and quality of their food. 
And among some orders the limits of this variation are wide. 

It is scarcely necessary for me to go into the fact, that the insects 
being exposed to more extreme vicissitudes than the larger orders of 
animal life are much more variable in almost every respect. It will be 
interesting, however, and it may be instructive in the line of our inquiry 
to point out some powers of variation in sex in a very common plant, 
which, while they are very much greater than those of the bee, have some 
points of striking resemblance. 

Indian Corn is pictured to the unobserving mind, as a plant bear- 
ing something good to eat at the side, and a tassel on the top. The 
botanist tells us that the tassel on the top is a male plant, that at the side 
is a female plant, or perhaps more than one, that all these are joined 
upon one stalk, and that the something good to eat, is the product of 
the female plant, fertilized by the pollen of the male. All this is fact as 
far as it goes; but it gives us no conception of the whole truth. 

On going into the field in bloom, we find that nearly all of the 
stalks have tassels on the top; they are male plants. Ina good field we 
shall find perhaps half of them with reproductive females at the side, say 
two good ears of corn toa hill. There are therefore nearly twice as 
many perfect males as there are of perfect females. We find also, that 
the undeveloped females are very numerous, from one to half a dozen on 
a stalk. And a close examination shows that the number of females that 
become developed is almost entirely a matter of food. Such an investi- 
gation shows also some plants bearing only a female on the stalk and 
some that are entirely undeveloped in both sexes, 

Thus in our field of Indian corn we have male stalks, male and fe- 
male stalks. female stalks, neuter stalks. And the stalks that bear deve- 
loped male and developed female individuals all have, (a) a male indi- 
vidual on the top, (4) one, two, or three females at the side, (c) one to 
six undeveloped females at the side. and possibly with, possibly instead 
of (c) they may have, (¢) one to halfa dozen buds and germs of females 
at the side. 

If, when the corn is ripe, we go with the farmer and gather a basket- 
ful, we shall invariably find that on each ear there are kernels less per- 
fectly developed than others, and we shall have every reason to believe 
that in the basketful there are some kernels that could not reproduce, 
that some kernels would reproduce, but would, under the most favorable 


——p4-— 


circumstances give but imperfect offspring, and that there would be a 
very wide range in the degrees of the imperfection of the plants produced 
from these imperfect kernels. 

As a matter of fact, the farmer in planting, selects with care the 
most perfect ears, and the most perfect parts only of the ears so selected, 
and yet we have the males, the females, and the neuters or undeveloped, 
for the result, as I have described them. 

Indian corn is so extremely variable in this matter of sex, that care- 
ful experimenting in this direction would be likely to give most interest- 
ing results in a single lifetime. 

Having now illustrated some principles of variability, and given 
some idea of the extent to which it may go, under our own observation, 
we must deal with the question before us by way of hypothesis, 

Let us suppose a primitive or typical Bee among the honey seeking 
insects of early days. She is necessarily a creature having such attributes 
as are common to all species of bees which are her offspring, but in 
many respects she is verv unlike our Hive Bee of to-day We see her 
at a time when this typical species has already learned the wonderful 
lesson of thrift. She stores honey in times of plenty to provide for times 
of want. She is feeding her offspring from her stores. As the keen com- 
petition of life goes on, she must provide for the wants of her offspring 
for an ever increasing period, and, as her powers in this respect are taxed 
to the utmost, her powers of reproduction are of necessity diminished; 
she produces some imperfect eggs, and she produces fewer eggs. Still 
the vast majority of her offspring perish, either for lack of sufficient food 
or as prey to natural enemies before their power of self defence are suffi- 
ciently developed for successful flight or resistance. 

It is quite reasonable to suppose that the bee has been subjected to 
such vicissitudes as these. The extraordinary differences in the sizes of 
the various living species of bees would indicate the truth of the theory 
of insufficient food as far as we have yet followed it. If we have a species 
of bee only one-eight of an inch in length while some others are an inch 
and a quarter in length and stout in proportion, it will take one thousand 
(1000) of these Lilliputian bees, to weigh as much as a single specimen 
of one of these largest species, Is it not most reasonable to suppose that 
this tremendous variation in size, is chiefly due to the matter of food 
supply, as is the well known fact in the very large variation we can thus 
make in the size of an individual fish? 

Now when the food supply is so very scant that the size of the off- 
spring is necessarily much dwarfed, evidently the weakest will die in the 
process of rearing; evidently also, the mother-bee whose reproductive 


powers are the weakest as to the number of offspring, and whose maternal 
instincts are the strongest, thatis to say, the one that lays the fewest eggs 
and takes the best care of her young, will best succeed. 

If any broods of young perish altogether from famine, it will be 
those that are so numerous as entirely to overtax the powers of the 
mother-bee in feeding them. Thus we gradually approach a time when 
the care of the mother-bee extends to a period in the life of the offspring, 
when they appreciate and respond to her affection. The offspring are. 
still numerous and the struggle for existence is severe. The food supply 
is sufficient to bring the young to that point in existence when they are 
capable of applying with some prospect of success the instinct, that is to 
say, the congenital knowledge inherited from the mother. And as the 
mother-bee continues after this period to help them in their struggle for 
existence, they see and understand her assistance, and they neccessarily 
respond to her affection. Here is definitely established filial love, in re- 
sponse to maternal affection and it is necessary that this filial love should 
be established in strength even in this little insect, before_it is possible 
that the specialization under consideration shall commence. It must 
not be supposed that the size of these tiny creatures renders them incap 
able of this strong feeling,—we must in this respect as in others go by 
the evidence of our senses and the necessities of the case. Without strong 
affection the whole life of these bees is quite inexplicable, while with it 
their conduct is the natural outcome ofa certain amount of intelligence 
applied to certain conditions of existence. 

Among all creatures nursed with a mothers care, filial love grows 
stronger and stronger, according to the capacity and circumstances of 
the offspring and the strength of that affection which calls it forth. But 
when the time for mating approaches the young seek other relationships 
and so far as it is incompatible with these does filial love decay. 

But what happens if the young are by nature incapacitated for these 
other relationships? 

Then filial love necessarily grows with the individual and strengthens 
with. her strength. 

The mating instinct may be almost or wholly lacking; and if wholly 
lacking, then all of that part of the highly nervous organization, inherited 
from the mother that is devoted to the affections, will have no other out- 
let than in filial love. 

The common life around us, and man himself will perhaps afford 
us some partial illustrations of this necessary law. The best illustration 
outside of the insect world is one of which the facts may be easily ascer- 
tained by any person who will make the inquiry. 


66 


The breeding of mules is an important industry. The horse and 
the ass are capable of strong affection, but their colts seldom develope a 
filial love which has a controling influence on their adult life. 

But the mule, the hybrid between the male ass and the female horse, 
except in very rare instances is congenitally incapable of reproducing its 
kind. It has more or less of the instinct for mating, but it necessarily 
does not have the strong sexual passion of a perfect equine animal. Its 
love for its mother however amounts to a master passion; it is not spas- 
modical, but it is intense and it continues as long as there is an oppor- 
tunity of showing it. It is capable of transfer to another subject and 
those who breed mules in large numbers take a useful, instructive and 
amusing advantage of this fact. 

When the young mulésare weaned, the mothers are withdrawn from 
their company, and one, otherwise worthless old mare is substituted for 
many mothers. The poor young things turn to the good natured old 
mare as to a very goddess; while she receives their worship with the 
equanimity of her sex, never hinting in the mildest terms, that it is an 
idolatry that should be abated, As the dilapidated goddess herself may 
be depended upon for her staid qualities, it follows that her worshippers 
are thereby kept out of mischief. And the poor mule is not a backslider, 
it is always a consistent worshipper. 

I have stated that filial love is absolutely necessary to the specializa- 
tion under consideration. It should be added that it must be intense in 
its character and capable of replacing to a large extent the maternal in- 
stinct of the perfect creature. 

From the fact that insufficiency of food would affect the growth of 
all organs we deduced the further fact that it would affect weak animals 
the most, giving those not congenitally perfect an irregular development. 
It follows also, that ifa very young animal congenitally perfect, receives 
for a long period only sufficient food to sustain life, the organs not vital 
will be more or less dwarfed in their proportions, as compared to the 
vital organs. 

For here the law of parsimony is absolute. The vital organs must 
receive a certain supply, or the life perishes. The non-vital organs make 
no such imperative demand, and they consequently get less in propor- 
tion. And an organ that is entirely useless to the life of the individual, 
would under such circumstances receive no nourishment whatever; ex- 
cepting only as it is correlated to the organs that are useful or vital. The 
re-productive organs of the young of all species are entirely useless to the 
life of the individual; their powers are latent, and excepting as they are 
correlated to other organs, they make no demand for nourishment. Star- 


vation must therefore dwarf the reproductive organs of very young in- 
dividuals, in proportion to those which are very important, or absolutely 
necessary to life. In plants this fact is constantly shown all around us 
and our maize is a striking example. 

The reproductive powers of swine are very great. But a young pig 
that is half-starved will not only have its reproductive powers very much 
retarded in their growth, it will have them diminished in their ulti- 
mate strength. This is a matter in which general observation fur- 
nishes the proof, I have not asked fish-culturists the question but I am 
absolutely certain that other things being equal, the number of fish-eggs 
will depend upon the size and thrift of the individual, and these, other 
things being equal depend upon the question of food. 

It is easy to imagine a possible case among the vertebrates or even 
the mammals in which a perfectly normal organism by long continued 
insufficiency of food, is allowed a slow development of those organs that 
are absolutely necessary for its life, and of the others most nearly corre- 
lated to these, while the organs of reproduction, in the incipient or un- 
developed stage in which they were when starvation commenced, still 
remain till they become fixed and immutable notwithstanding any a- 
bundance of food that may be given at a later period of life. 

Let us now go back to tie variability of eggs as shown by our hun- 
dred chicks or the variability of seeds as shown by our ears of corn. 
This variability is variability of the germs, and this is congenital variabil- 
ity. This variability as shown in the hundred chicks gives us from three 
to six pounds for their adult weight and they all differ in color, form, or 
both. 

We take no account at present of the fact that our primitive bee as 
shown by her offspring of to-day was far more variable than fowls, but we 
note that she was a hoarding insect, gathering with great care and in- 
dustry in good times, food for times of scarcity: that she supplied her 
young from her stores; and that they responded to her maternal cares 
with filial affection. 

We left her at a time when the struggle for existence was keen and 
some of her offspring starved through no fault of her own. She was ex- 
hausted with a constant search for food and the cares of a numerous and 
starving family. 

This necessarily involved the fact that her reproductive system was 
quite out of balance. she was incapable of producing as many eggs as 
her progenitors, and many of those that she did produce were imperfect. 

Of these imperfect eggs some addledand some hatched out imper- 
fect offspring. 


eg. 


At this point we proceed to inquire into the nature of the imper- 
fections of the offspring. 

There would probably be quite a variety in these defects. One 
might be wanting in legs, another deficient in wings, another insane, 
another deaf, another possibly congenitally blind, or perhaps wanting in 
that sense, whatever it is, by which ants and bees intelligently converse 
with their fellows. 

All of these and many other congenital defects are possible and even 
probable, because we see them in other and the least changeable orders 
and species of creatures. 

But the greatest in number of all the very important defects, would 
be defects of the reproductive organs; because they are the organs in the 
mother which have been most affected by her unfortunate environment. 

Under these circumstances, what must become of all the imperfect 
offspring in a sharp struggle for existence? 

Manifestly all wanting in legs, or wings, or eyes, or in any organs 
necessary for quick and intelligent movements in attacking or resisting 
enemies, or in collecting food, must die at an early age, notwithstanding 
any possible care of the mother. 

Manifestly none of those defective in the reprod: ctive organs would 
so die, unless they were also defective in some other particular, unless 
indeed the struggle became so keen, that perfect and imperfect went to 
the wall together. 

Manifestly also, these insects, thus congenitally imperfect in the re- 
productive organs, would have a great advantage over all others in the 
struggle for existence, from the time at which the reproductive period in 
those others commenced. 

If altogether incapable of reproduction, they would have vitality 
enough for themselves and a surplus to expend. 

The energy inherited from the hardworking progenitors would be 
too great for idleness. ‘The surplus must be expended at the dictates of 
love or hate. Hate, beyond that healthy indignation at attack or imposi- 
tion which is necessary to self-protection, is unnatural to such beings. * 
But they have one to love, and that is the mother. The perfect offspring 
depart to reproduce their kind, and the one, two, three, or the dozen, of 
the imperfect ones, stay behind with the mother bee, or if she dies they 
transfer their affection to some one of their perfect sisters. 

Now another hoard of honey must be gathered, and another lot of 
eggs laid, hatched outand cared for. The female bee works industriously, 


* Lubbock’s instances of ants attacking strangers and not rescuing friends by no 
means demonstrates the opposite of this proposition, 


="69-— 


and true to her instinct, denies herself of necessary food, that she may 
lay by the more for her future offspring. 

And now these creatures, happy in their deprivation, capable 
of supplying their own wants with ease, insist on gathering food for the 
mother-bee. She takes it with eagerness, tastes and stores it away. And 
after the young are hatched out, the like attempt to feed the mother-bee 
results in feeding them, Thus this family have for a time a great ad- 
vantage in the struggle for existence and there is a perfectly adequate 
motive for the conduct of the kind little creatures who minister to the 
wants of the mother-bee. 

Sull this happy family is not precisely the foundation of our modern 
bee-hive; it is really too affluent for complete success. 

The mother-bee, no longer overworked, recovers her health and un- 
fortunately lays perfect eggs; with the help of the nursemaids she rears 
her young without overtaxing her powers. Her family and any others 
like it have very decided advantages over the old type, to which never- 
theless they inevitably revert, to fall into a state of starvation as before; 
for, in this family, the nursemaids have and can have, no probable suc- 
cessors while there is plenty to eat. 

If this happens to one family of bees, it will probably happen to many 
families. The temporary affluence of one family caused by the pre- 
sence of the helpers will itself increase the depth of poverty in the neigh- 
boring families, and this poverty will give them helpers in undeveloped 
bees in the next generation, by which in turn they will be raised to af- 
fluence. Thus there will be alternating generations of bees, that is to 
say generations with helpers, followed by generations without them. 

Among those that go forth from the mother-nest to find mates and 
rear families of their own, are some that are congenitally weak in the re- 
productive organs. The majority of these meet with sound mates and 
the variation dies out. But some individuals thus congenitally imper- 
fect, meet with like mates, The congenital weakness of the reproductive 
organs is intensified in the offspring. The majority are perhaps so im- 
perfect as not to be able to reproduce their kind. Any of these that 
reach maturity will be glad helpers of the mother-bee. 

Their less imperfect brothers and sisters are defective in many de- 
grees, The offspring of one never reach maturity. Those of another 
nearly all thrive and there are a dozen reproductive females among them, 

In their migrations at swarming time these bees sometimes become 
established near less affluent families, congenitally perfect, and are some- 
times crossed with them, 

Here we have the bees in a condition of the greatest variability as 

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 11 


to reproductive powers, but all of those that are getting on well in the 
world have among their offspring some that cannot reproduce, and help- 
ers are consequenily numerous. 

About this time the paupers are established as a distinct variety. 
Sick and discouraged with the unsuccessful battle of lile, they are more 
or less tolerated in the affluent families of their neighbors. But when 
they have recovered their bodily strength, they have not also regained 
their mental balance. They have become accustomed to a life of toler- 
ated dependence; so they live in the nest and lay eggs to be reared by 
their industrious neighbors. Sometimes the imposition becomes too 
great for good nature to stand and there may be a terrible slaughter of 
the innocent paupers and their offspring. “The ones however that most 
nearly resemble the useful members of the community escape destruction 
and thus are established the Cuckoo-Bees, their similation of virtue being 
ever the closer as indignation increases at their vice. | 

The varieties become extremely numerous; many of them however 
becoming rapidly extinct. At first in all families where there are help- 
ers there are almost or perhaps quite as many undeveloped males; but 
this being for bees, a hurtful variation the tendency of natural selection 
is to their diminution. On the whole those families are the most suc- 
cessful in which there are the largest number of undeveloped females. 

All this time experience is being gathered in the mothers and differ- 
entiated and stored in their systems, to re-appear as instinct and _intelli- 
gence in the offspring. 

Sometimes the most affluent families come to want, and perfect fe- 
males are dwarfed in their reproductive organs by scarcity of food and 
are only capable of being helpers. 

From all this diversity there is at last a type evolved which is on 
the whole the best for the majority of the bees. This type is. one in- 
volving a degree of imperfection in the reproductive organs of all offspring 
unless highly stimulating food in large quantity is supplied from a very 
early stage of growth. Thus the normal product is simply a helper and 
the number of males and females in proportion to the number of helpers 
and the food supply is a matter entirely under the control, not of chance 
nor of the mother, but of the community. ‘This then, I think, is the 
foundation of the Hive-Ree family, the highest type of the flying Hy- 
menoptera, 

As instinct enlarges and intelligence increases, the helpers take 
more and more upon themselves the care of the household. They be-— 
come pre-eminently the workers, and their officious interference is con- 
tinually stopping the mother-bee’s toil, and stuffing her with the best 


food they can obtain. She gives herself up more and more exclusively 
to the work of reproduction, and her powers increase till she becomes 
capable of changing food into eggs and individually starting a hundred 
thousand existences in her single lifetime. 

Between this highest tvpe of the bee and the lowest, we find several 
hundred varieties all capable of explanation, either as progressive or re- 
trogressive, developments from our primitive bee. Many of them are 
highly specialized in their social habits, and it seems to me that all those 
that have two fully developed sexes and one or more undeveloped sexes, 
must neccessarily have thrift, intelligence and love, as the foundation with- 
out which it is impossible that such creatures should of themselves build 
up such a singular condition. 


It seems to me that hunger, something approaching’ starvation, 1s 
necessary as a beginning of the specialization. Now we all know that 
from their capacity to increase with enormous rapidity, some insects are 
subject to great vicissitudes in the matter of food. The locusts, for in- 
stance, increase in numbers till having eaten everything in their native 
habitat, they leave it in dense masses that obscure the heavens, and which 
devastate vast regions. Of the next brood, immensely more vast in 
numbers than even these, comparatively a small remnant reach maturity, 
and scarcely any reproduce their kind. ‘The race grows up again from 
the few starved individuals too weak to leave the old habitat and of which 
a few managed to survive long enough to lay some eggs. Those doubt- 
less produce many imperfect insects, but these specializations are not use- 
ful to the race in this case, and they cannot survive. I think it likely 
however, that man could specialize locusts and many other insects in this 
way without difficulty. I think it likely that he could with great care 
so specialize fish and possibly fowls and with great patience and much 
difficulty some of the mammals. I think also that if mules were from a 
thrifty hoarding stock like squirrels they would be in the habit of feeding 
the old mare as the workers feed the mother-bee. But while it may be 
allowable to mention these as interesting possibilities I do not propose to 
discuss them in this paper. 

There is another element which is, I think, very important in fixing 
the definite type of the workers, and whicn I had intended to discuss. 
But while I think that element important in the bee and perhaps abso- * 
lutely necessary for the still higher specialization of the ant, I think also 
that a permanent body of workers is necessarily evolved from the condi- 
tions which I have assumed as natural and proper to the primitive bee. 


To recapitulale in few words: 


1 presuppose a primitive bee fertile and affectionate, hoarding and 
intelligent. 


I show that great want will necessarily diminish the number of 
her eggs. 


That it will render some eggs imperfect by deranging the repro- 
ductive organs of the mother. 

That consequently some of the offspring will be defective in the re- 
producing organs. 

That while other imperfect bees will generally die before maturity, 
those imperfect only in the reproductive organs, will live if the perfect 
offspring live. 

That some of these being incapable of mating, will not go away for 
that purpose, but will stay with the mother-bee. 

; That having surplus energy to expend, they will use it in accord- 
ance with the instinct of the race, in gathering and storing food. 


That the surplus food will be utilized by the mother-bee, and that 
therefore this family will be affluent. 


That being affluent the formerly overtaxed mother will recover her 
health, and that her offspring will thereafter be perfect. 


That consequently these nursemaid-bees will have no successors, 
and the family will therefore be again reduced to want. 


That some bees of the same hatch with the nursemaids will be con- 
venitally imperfect notwithstanding that they leave the mother and _ find 
mates. 


That the offspring of congenitally imperfect bees will be extremely 
variable. 

That some of this offspring will be unable to reproduce and that 
they will remain with the mother-bee as nursemaids or helpers. 


That these helpers from the congenital imperfections of their moth- 
ers will have successors; substantially as is seen among the hive-bees 
and the humble-bees of the present day, and 

That the variation thus started will eventually be reduced to a given 
type or types—by the survival of the fittest. 

That whatever other circumstances may aid in producing the result 
in question, this is sufficient of itself to account for the specialization of 
the bee and the ant into females, males and workers. 


Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North 
American Beetles, published in 1883—8q. 


By SamuEL HensuHaw. 


(Continued from p. 48.) 


Simeteebaw ele) lee 


CICINDELIDAE. 


Omus ambiguus Schaupp 142 p. 121 Cal.—Cicindela perviridis (vai.) Schaupp 
141 p. 79 Cal. Or. Ut. Newfld.; C. nigrior (var.) Schaupp 141 p. 79 Geo.; C. Hornii 
Schaupp 141 p. 80, pro anthracina |] Horn; C. graminea (va.) Schaupp 141 p. 80, 
Kans. Cal.; C. pacifica (var.) Schaupp 141 p. $4 Cal. Ut. Nev.; C. scabrosa (va. ) 
Schaupp 141 p. 84 Fla.; C. Laurentii (var.) Schaupp 141 p. 87 Cal.; C. tenuicincta 
(var.) Schaupp 142 p. 122 Col.: C. lunalonga Schaupp 142 p. 122 Cal. 


CARABIDAE. 

Bembidium vinnulum Casey 9 p, 15 Ariz.—Tachys litoralis Casey 9 p. 15, N. J. 
Trechus hydropicus Hom 76 p. 273 Va.—Anophthalmus audax Horn 76 p. 272 
Ronald’s Cave.—Pterostichus zephyrus Casey 9 p. 2 no loc.; P. osculans Casey 9 
p. 2 no loc.—Amara apachensis Casey 9 p. 3 Ariz.; A. marylandica Casey 9 p. 4 
Md.; A. pallida Casey 9 p. 5 N.Y.; A. ferruginea Casey 9 p. 5 N. J.—Metabola vi- 
vida Bates 43 p. 298 Ariz. Mex. N. Son.—Dercylinus (n. g.) Chaud. 13 p. 525 pro 
Evolenes impressa Lec.—Discoderus robustus Horn 72 p. 52 Ariz. —Harpalus lustrans 
Casey 7 p. 64 pro lucidus |] Lec.; H. opacus Casey 9 p. 8 Pa.; H. manhattanis Ca-ey 
dp. 9N.Y., H. vespertinus Casey 9 p. 10 Ariz,; H. placidus Casey 9 p, 10 N.Y.; 
H. convictor Casey 9 p. 12 N.Y.; H.canonicus Casey 9 p. 12 R.J.; H. lustralis 
Casey 9 p. 12 N.Y.; H. zmescens Casey 9 p. 12 N.Y. R. I.—Selenophorus eneo- 
piceus Casey 9 p. 13 Ariz.—Stenolophus gracilis Casey 9 p. 14 Ariz.—Amerinus (x. 4.) 
Casey 9 p. 7 pro Bradycellus linearis Lec.—Bradycellus lucidus Casey 9 p. 8 Ariz.— 
‘Yachycellus Kirbyi Horn 71 p. 51 Ont. Ohio, —Anisodactylus arizonz Casey 9 p. 6 
Ariz.-—Pseudomorpha angustata Horn 70 p. 16; 76 p. 274 Ariz. 

DYTISCIDAE. 

Laccophilus lateralis Horn 76 p. 282 Ariz-—-Hydroporus palliatus Horn 76 p, 
283 Cal.; H. picturatus Horn 76 p. 283 W. Nev.; H. quadrimaculatus Horn 76 p. 
284 W. Nev. —Graphoderes occidentalis Horn 76 p. 281 Cal. W.T. 

GY RINIDAE. 
Gyrinus canadensis Regimbart 112 p. 159 Amer. bor. Ca.; G. corpulentus Ke- 
gimbart 112 p. 178 Amer. bor.—Dineutes analis Regimbart 112 p. 216 La. Tex. 
SILPHIDAE. 
Triarthron pennsylvanicum Horn 76 p. 284 Pa. 
PSELAPHIDAE. 

Tychus testaceus Casey 9 p. 31 Mass. N.Y. Mich.—Bryaxis gracilis Casey 9 p. 

32 Mich.; B. inopia Casey 9 p. 33 Fla. 


STAPHYLINIDAE. 

Tithanis (n. g.) Casey 9 p. 16 pro Aleochara valida Lec.—Kmplenota (n. 4.) 
Casey 9 p. 17; maritima Casey 9 p. 17 N. J.—Myrmedonia Fauveli Sharp 43 p. 199 
N. Amer. U. St. Mex. —Philonthus sericinus Horn 83 p, 182 Ca. Pa. Tex.; P. nites- 
cens Horn 83 p, 182 Vance. W.T. Cal.; P. alutaceus Horn 83 p. 183 Cal.; P. per- 
vervus Horn 83 p. 183 Vanc.; P. bucephalus Hom 83 p. 184 Cal. Vanc.; P. gentilis 
Horn 83 p. 185 Ariz.; P. asper Horn 83 p. 185 Pa, D.C.; P. irinus Horn 83 p. 186 
Tex.; P. semiruber Horn 83 p. 187 Cal. Ariz.; P. basalis Horn 83 p. 187 Col. B. 
Amer, Wy.; P. gracilicornis Horn 83 p. 190 Ariz.; P. pubes Horn 83 p. 182 W.1T. 
Ney.; P. grandicollis Horn 83 p. 193 Cal. Vanc.; P. puberulus Horn 83 p. 193 Cal. 
Ariz.; P. quadricollis Horn 83 p. 194 N.Y. to Mo. Mich.; P. Theveneti Horn 83 p. 
194 Cal. Nev.; P. innocuus Horn 83 p. I99 Ariz. P-. occidentalis Horn 83 p. 200 
Col. Ut. Ind. Terr. Wy.; P. Schwarzi Horn 83 p. 201 Mass. Mich.; P. hudsonicus 
Horn 83 p. 201 Ca. H. B. Terr.; P. Pettiti Horn 83 p. 201 W.T. Cal.; P. triangu- 
lum Horn 83 p. 202 W.T. Nev. Cal.; P. ferreipennis Horn 83 p. 202 W.T. Cal.; P. 
caurinus Horn 83 p. 203 Vance. to Cal.; P. Crotchi Horn 33 p. 203 Vance. to Ariz. : 
P. arizonensis Horn 83 p. 203 no loc.; P. cunctans Horn 83 p. 205 D.C.; P. equalis 
Horn 83 p. 205 Ca. L. Sup.; P. quediinus Horn 83 p. 209 Mich. Kans.: P. filicornis 
Horn 83 p. 210 Nev.; P. versutus Horn 83 p. 211 Cal.; P. distans Horn 83 p. 211 
Vanc. Ney.; P. fallaciosus Horn 83 p. 212 Mass. Pa.; P. brevipennis Horn 88 p. 212 
L. Sup.; P. crassulus Horn 83 p. 213 Nev.; P. clunalis Hom 83 p, 213 Cal.; P. par- 
vus Horn 83 p. 214 Ariz.; P. bidentatus Horn 83 p, 214 Cal. Vance. W.T.; P. virilis 
Horn 83 p. 215 Vanc.; P. punctatellus Horn 83 p. 215 H.B. Terr. Nev.; P. mi- 
crophthalmus Horn 83 p. 216 Vanc. to N. Eng. & Va.;_ P. decipiens Horn 83 p. 217 
Cal.; P. instabilis Horn 83 p. 218 Col. Wy.; P. picicornis Horn 83 p. 218 Nev.; P. 
serpentinus Horn 83 p. 219 Ky.; P. quadrulus Horn 83 p. 221 Cal. Ariz.; P. viri- 
danus Horn 83 p. 221 Middle States W. to Mo.; P. Lecontei Horn 83 p. 222 Cal. 
Col.; P. aurulentus Horn 83 p. 222 W.T. B. Col. Col. Mich. Ky,; P. inversus Horn 
83 p. 239 Col.—Actobius nanus Horn 83 p. 225 Ca. Mich. N. Engl.; A. inutilis Horn 
83 p. 225 Mich. N. Engl.; A. fraterculus Horn 83 p. 226 N. Ill. Mich.; A. senilis 
Horn 83 p. 226 Col. Nev. Cal.; A. infimus Horn 83 p. 227 Cal.; A. ocreatus Horn 
83 p. 228 Cal.; A. patella Horn 83 p. 229 Mich, N.Y.; A. loxatus Horn 83 p, 229 
D.C.; A. puncticeps Horn 83 p. 230 Cal.; A. parcus Horn 83 p. 230 Mich. to D.C. ; 
A. pusio Horn 83 p. 230 Col.; A. jocosus Horn 83 p. 232 Del. N.C.; A. jucundus 
Horn 83 p. 232 S$. C.; A. elegantulus Horn 83 p. 232 Cal. Ariz.—Cafius seminitens 
Horn 83 p. 236 Cal.; C. luteipennis Horn 83 p. 237 Cal. 

Dianous zephyrus Casey 10 p. 11 Vanc. B. Col.—Stenus punctiger Casey 10 p. 
13 Col.; S. gemmeus Casey 10 p, 18 Geo.; S. bilentigatus Casey 10 p. 19 Va.; 5. 
sculptilis Casey 10 p. 22 Nev. Cal. W.T.; S. laccophilus Casey 10 p. 23 Ont.; 5S. ver- 
ticosus Casey 10 p. 25 Vanc. W.1T.; S. tristis Casey 10 p. 27 Cal.; S, Austini Casey 
10 p. 28 N. H. L. Sup. B. Col.; S. ranops Casey 10 p. 29 S. States; S. delawarensis 
Casey 10 p. 30 Middle States; S sectator Casey 10 p. 31 W. T.; S. zunicus Casey 10 
p. 32 Ariz.; S. tacomze Casey 10 p. 34 W.T.; S. strangulatus Casey 10 p. 39 N.Y. 
Mich.; S. tenuis Casey 10 p. 40 Ont. Mass.; 5S. difficilis Casey 10 p. 41 Middle States 
Mass. Ont.; S. Pettiti Casey 10 p. 42 Ont. Middle States; S. scrupeus Casey 10 p. 43 
Ont. L. Sup.; S. intrusus Casey 10 p. 44 Mass. Mich. Ca.; S. rugifer Casey 10 p. 47 
Col.; S$, anastomozan Casey 10 p. 48 N. H.; S. shoshonis Casey 10 p. 49 W.T.; S. 
insularis Casey 10 p. 50 Vanc. B. Col.; S. vexatus Casey 10 p. 51 W.T.; S. Schwarzi 
Casey 10 p. 52 Mass.; S. pauper Casey 10 p. 53 Mass.; S. subtilis Casey 10 p. 54 
Mich. ; S. indigens Casey 10 p. 55 Mass.; S. simplex Casey 10 p. 56 Or.; S. vicinus 


Casey 10 p. 57 D.C. Pa. Ala.; S. ingratus Casey 10 p. 58 Mich.; S. neglectus Casey 
10 p. 59 Mass. Ont. Ill. Neb.; S. scabrosus Casey 10 p. 60 L. Sup.; S. vespertinus 
Casey 10 p. 61 W.T.; S. convictor Casey 10 p. 62 W.T.; 5. confusus Casey 10 p. 63 
Mich.; S, inornatus Casey 10 p. 64 Mass. Mich. L. Sup.; S. placidus Casey 10 p. 65 
Mich.; S. mendax Casey 10 p. 66 Mass.; S. eriensis Casey 10 p. 67 Mich.; S. spheer- 
ops Casey 10 p. 68 Mass.; 5S. militaris Casey 10 p. 69 L. Sup.; S. pluto Casey 10 p. 
70 Mass.; S. incultus Casey 10 p. 71 Ariz.; S. corvus Casey 10 p. 72 B.Col. Cal.; S. 
montanus Casey 10 p. 74 N. H.; S. costalis Casey 10 p 77 Nev. Cal.; S. alveolatus 
Casey 10 p. 78 Nev.; 5. ellipticus Casey 10 p. 79 Cal.; S. adelops Casey 10 p. 80 
N. Cal.; S. luctuosus Casey 10 p. $1 Cal. Nev. B, Col.; S. pusio Casey 10 p. 82 
Mass. Ca. L. Sup.; 5S. nanulus Casey 10 p. 83 B. Col.; S, atomarius Casey 10 p. 84 
Mich. Mass.; S. virginize Casey 10 p. 87 Va.; S. texanus Casey 10 p. 88 Tex. West. 
States; S. venustus Casey 10 p. 89 no loc.; S. occidentalis Casey 10 p. 90 B. Col.; S. 
pacificus Casey 10 p. 91 Cal.; 5S. abstrusus Casey 10 p.g2 N.Y. N.J.; S. arizonz 
Casey 10 p. 93 Ariz. Tex.; S. integer Casey 10 p. 94 Mass.; S floridanus Casey 10 
p. 95 Fla.; S. mammops Casey 10 p. 97 Mass. L. Sup. Col. B. Col. &e.; S. gravidus 
Casey 10 p. 98 Mass.; S. animatus Casey 10 p. 99 L. Sup.; 5S. tumicollis Casey 10 
p. 100 Mich.; S. carinicollis Casey 10 p. ror Mich L, Sup.; 5. insignis Casey 10 p. 
102 Cal.; S. dolosus Casey 10 p. 108 Col.; S. villosus Casey 10 p. 109 Cal.; 8. secti- 
lifer Casey 10 p. 110 D.C.; S. milleporus Casey 10 p. 111 N.Y. Geo. Fla.; S. jejunus 
Casey 10 p. 112 B. Col.; S. vinnulus Casey 10 p. 112 Mass. L. Sup. Mich.; S. caro- 
linze Casey 10 p. 116 Ala. Fla.; S. ageus Casey 10 p. 116 Mass.; 5S. pudicus Casey 
10 p. 117 L. Sup.;_ S. minor Casey 10 p. 118 Mich.; S. rigidus Casey 10 p. 119 
Mass.; S. incertus Casey 10 p. 120 Neb.; 5S. parallelus Casey 10 p. 121 Mass.; S. 
noctivagus Casey 10 p. 121 N. H.; S. luculentus Casey 10 p. 122 Cal.; S. juvencus 
Casey 10 p. 123 Mich.; S. pauperculus Casey 10 p. 124 Mich ?; S. haplus Casey 10 
p. 125 Mich.; S. enodis Casey 10 p. 126 Col.; S. dives Casey 10 p. 127 Cal.; S. sub- 
griseus Casey 10 p. 127 Cal. B. Col.; S. terricola Casey 10 p. 128 Nev.; S. mundulus 
Casey 10 p. 129 W.T.; S. tuberculatus Casey 10 p. 129 Fla.; S. indistinct- 
us Casey 10 p. 130 Mich.; S, brumalis Casey 10 p. 131 Mich.: S. gratiosus Casey 
10 p. 133 Mich.; S. monticola Casey 10 p. 134 N.H.; S.curtus Casey 10 p. 135 
Mich.; S. alacer Casey 10 p. 135 Fla. Tex. Ariz. Col. S. Ill.; S. hirsutus Casey 10 
p. 137 Mich.; S. vestalis Casey 10 p. 138 Cal.; S. tahcensis Casey 10 p. 139 Nev.; 
S. nimbosus Casey 10 p. 139 Col ; S. pugetensis Casey 10 p. 140 W.T.; S. vacuus 
Casey 10 p. 141 Cal.; S. amicus Casey 10 p. 142 Col.; S. exilis Casey 10 p. 143 
Cal.; S. californicus Casey 10 p. 145 Cal. Nev.; S. gilee Casey 10 p. 146 Ariz.; S. 
dispar Casey 10 p. 147 Mass. Tex. D.C. Kans. 

Areus (n. g.) Casey 10 p. 150; A. retrusus Casey 10 p. 154 B. Col.; A. fraternus 
Casey 10 p. 155 Wy. L. Sup.; A. umbratilis Casey 10 p. 156 B. Col.; A. croceatus 
Casey 10 p. 158 Neb. Mich. L. Sup. N.Y. D.C.; A. advena Casey 10 p. 158 L. Sup.; 
A. europs Casey 10 p. 160 Md. Va.; A. megalops Casey 10 p. 161 Fla.;_ A. lugens 
Casey 10 p. 161 Mass.; A. plicipennis Casey 10 p. 162 B. Col.; A. agnatus Casey 10 
p. 163 B, Col.; A. Sayi Casey 10 p. 164 Cal.; A. amabilis Casey 10 p. 166 Del.; A. 
perforatus Casey 10 p. 169 Ariz.; A. nitescens Casey 10 p. 170 Fla.; A. pollens 
Casey 10 p. 172 W.T. Cal.; A. patens Casey 10 p. 172 Col.; A. reconditus Casey 
10 p. 173 Mass. L. Sup. Iowa; A. propinquus Casey 10 p. 174 N.H.; A. canadensis 
Casey 10 p. 175 Ont. N.Ill.; A. pinguis Casey 10 p. 177 B. Col. W.T. Or. Nev. 
Cal.; A. utenis Casey 10 p. 178 Col.; A. trajectus Casey 10 p. 179 Col.; A. papa- 
gonis Casey 10 p. 180 Ariz.; A. obsoletus Casey 10 p. 181 Ont.; A. artus Casey 10 


p. 182 N.Y.; A. dilutus Casey 10 p. 184 La.; A. meridionalis Casey 10 p. 185 Fla.; 
A, varipes Casey 10 p. 187 Mich.; A. dissentiens Casey 10 p. r90 L. Sup.; A. Hub- 
bardi Casey 10 p. 191 L. Sup.; A. laetulus 10 p. 192 Cal.; A. leviceps Casey 10 p. 
193 B. Col.: A. politulus Casey 10 p. 193 B. Col.; A. simiolus Casey 10 p. 194 L. 
Sup.; A, pertinax Casey 10 p. 195 Wy.; A. lucidus Casey 10 p. 196 Cal. 

Euzesthetus brevipennis Casey 9 p. 20 Mich.; E. punctatus Casey 9 p. 21 Fla.;_ E. 
floridee Casey 9 p. 21 Fla.; KE. similis Casey 9 p. 22 Fla.; E. mundulus Casey 9 p. 
23 Mass.; E. robustulus Casey 9 p. 24 Mass.; E. iripennis Casey 9 p. 25 Ohio; FE. 
texanus Casey 9 p. 26 Tex.; E. atomus Casey 9 p. 28 Fla.—Fdaphus carinatus 
Casey 9 p. 30 D.C.; E. luculentus Casey 9 p. 31 D.C.—Luthocharis tabacina Casey 
7 p. 65 no loc. 


TRICHOPTERYGIDAE. 

Ptilium Hornianum Matthews 102 p. 143 Tex.—Ptenidium speculifer Matthews 
102 p. 151 Mass.; P. Ulkei Matthews 102 p. 151 D.C. 

CUCUJIDAE. 

Silvanus gilae Casey 8 p. 73 Ariz.—Lemophleus terminalis Casey 8 p. 83 Tex.: 
L. floridanus Casey 8 p. 85 Fla.; L. Horni Casey 8 p. 89 Cal.; L. rotundicollis Casey 
8 p. 89 S.C.; L. quadratus Casey 8 p. go Gulf States; L. Schwarzi Casey 8 p. 91 
Fla. D.C.; L. extricatus Casey 8 p. 92 Mo.; L. pubescens Casey 8 p. 93 Cal.; L. 
truncatus Casey 8 p. 93 Mich.; L. denticornis Casey 8 p. 94 Tex.— Lathropus pubes- 
cens Casey 8 p. 96 Cal.—Dysmerus (n.g.) Casey 8 p. 97; basalis Casey 8 p. 97 Fla. 
Telephanus Lecontei Casey 8 p. 103 Ariz. 

HISTERIDAE. 
Hister gentilis Horn 76 p. 285 Ariz.—Echinodes decipiens Horn 76 p. 286 Ariz. 
NITIDULIDAE. 
Carpophilus zuni Casey 9 p. 34 Ariz.—Epureea papagona Casey 9 p. 35 Ariz. 
BUPRESTIDAE. ° 
Gyascutus carolinensis Horn 76 p. 288 N.C. 
CIOIDAE. 
Ennearthron californicum Casey 9 p. 36 Cal.; FE. unicolor Casey 9 p. 37 N.Y. 
SCARABAEIDAE. 
Lachnosterna subpruinosa Casey 9 p. 38 Atlantic States.—Anomala oblivia Horn 


81 p. 163 Pa. to Geo. 
CERAMBYCIDAE. 


Phymatodes ater Lec. 96 p. 100 N.Y.—Peecilobrium (7”.g.) Horn 77 p.-11. 
CHRYSOMELIDAE. 
Cryptocephalus ellipsoidalis Casey 7 p. 66 Mass. N.Y.—Disonycha pulchra Casey 
Y p. 31 Pa.; D. arizonz Casey 9 p. 52 Ariz.—Cheetocnema paupercula Casey 9 p. 53 
N.Y.—Psylliodes extricata Casey 9 p. 54 N.J.; P. zenescens Casey 9 p. 55 N.Y. 
Microrhopala dimidiata Horn 76 p. 292 Tex.; M. vulnerata Horn 76 p. 292 Ariz. ; 
M. montana Horn 76 p. 294 Mont.—Odontota californica Horn 76 p. 297 Cal. Ariz.; 
O. gracilis Horn 76 p. 298 Tex.—Charistena perspicua Horn 76 p. 298 Ariz. N.Mex. 
Octotoma marginicollis Horn 76 p. 300 Ill. S.C. Tex.—Stenopodius (n.g.) Horn 76 
p. 301; flavidus Horn 76 p. 301 Cal, Ariz. 
TENEBRIONIDAE. 
Eurymetopon piceum Casey 9 p. 40 Ariz.; E. emarginatum Casey 9 p. 41 Ariz. ; 
E. papagonum Casey 9 p. 42 Ariz.; E. carbonatum Casey 9 p. 43 Ariz.; E. sculptile 
Casey 9 p. 44 Ariz.; E. dubium Casey 9 p. 44 Ariz. —Emmenastus nanulus Casey 9 


p. 45 Cal.—Asida macra Horn 76 p. 304 N.Mex. Ariz.—Coniontis elliptica Casey 9 
p- 46 Cal.—Eusattus politus Horn 76 p. 304 Cal.—Eleodes arcuata Casey 9 p. 47 
Ariz. —Platydema pernigrum Casey 9 p. 49 Ariz.; P. parvulum Casey 9 p. 50 N.Y.; 
P, opaculum Casey 9 p. 51 Pa. 

MORDELLIDAE. 


Mordella carinata Smith 152 p. 3 Fla. Tex. La.; M. flaviventris Smith 152 p. 3 
Tex. Fla.—Mordellistena conformis Smith 152 p. 4 Tex.; M. hirticula Smith 152 p. 4 
Tex. La.; M. immaculata Smith 152 p. 5 D.C.; M. erratica Smith 151 p. 80 Fla.; 
M, tarsalis Smith 151 p. $0 Tex.; M. pratensis Smith 151 p. 80 Fla. 


ANTHICIDAE. 


Corphyra flabellata Horn 76 p. 306 W.Nev.—Noxotus nuperus Horn 82 p. 168 
Ariz. Mex. Kans.; N. calcaratus Horn $2 p. 170 Nev. Ariz. L. Cal.; N. denudatus 
Horn 82 p. 173 Cal. 

MELOIDAE. 

Cantharis gentilis Horn 76 p. 311 N.Mex. Ariz.; C. occipitalis Horn 76 p. 312 
Cal.; C. incommoda Horn 76 p. 312 Cal.—Calospasta viridis Horn 76 p. 312 Col. 
N. Mexico. 

CURCULIONIDAE. 

Apion vespertinum Casey 7 p. 67 Cal.; A. erraticum Smith 153 p. 44 Vex. Iowa; 
A. obsoletum Smith 153 p. 44 Dac. Mich. Ca.; A. erythrocerum Smith 153 p. 44 
Kans. Middle States D.C. Tenn.; A. robustum Smith 153 p. 45 Tex. Mo. Iowa; A. 
punctinasum Smith 153 p. 46; Wy. Dac. Col.; A. parallelum Smith 153 p. 47 D.C. 
Tenn.; A. estriatum Smith 153 p. 47 Ca; Col. Tex.; A. ovale Smith 153 p. 47 Mo. 
Cal.; A. impunctistriatum Smith 153 p. 48 Tex. D.C.; A. desolatum Smith 153 p. 
48 Geo.; A. sordidum Smith 153 p. 48 Utah; A. floridanum Smith 153 p. 49 Fla. 
Cal. Ariz. Ia, D.C.; A. obesum Smith 153 p. 49 Mich. Tex.; A. parvulum Smith 
153 p. 49 Middle States; A. atriceps Smith 153 p. 49 Geo. Fla. Cal.; A. minutum 
Smith 153 p. 50 Fla. N.Y.; A. opacicolle Smith 153 p. 50’Cal. Ariz. Or.; A. texa- 
num Smith 153 p. 51 Vex,; A. ellipticum Smith 153 p. 51 Neb. La.; A. californicum 
Smith 153 p. 52 Cal.; A. decoloratum Smith 153 p. 52 D.C. N.C. Ariz. Md. Va.; A. 
concoloratum Smith 153 p. 52 Cal. W.Va. Geo. Mich. Fla.; A. carinatum Smith 153 
p. 52 Fla. Tex. Neb.; A. brevicolle Smith 153 p, 53 Cal. Tex. Ariz.; A. typicum 
Smith 153 p. 53 Cal.; A. abdominale Smith 153 p. 53 Ariz. Ill. D.C.; A. antenna- 
tum Smith 153 p. 53 Cal. Ariz.; A. cordatum Smith 153 p. 54 Cal.. A. capitatum 
Smith 153 p. 54 Mich. Neb. Or.; A. oblitum Smith 153 p. 54 Col. Cal. Tex. Kans. 
Fla.; A. turbulentum Smith 153 p. 56 Middle States Tex. Cal.; A. minor Smith 153 
p- 56 Cal. La.; A. dilatatum Smith 153 p. 56 Ariz.; A. herculanum Smith 153 p. 56 
Pa. N.Y. D.C. Mass.; A. pyriforme Smith 153 p. 57 Ariz.; A. Walshii Smith 153 
p- 57 pro lanuginosum || Walsh; A. vicinum Smith 153 p. 58 Col. Cal. N.Y. D.C.; 
A. modestum Smith 153 p. 58 Ariz. Kans. Fla.; A. perminutum Smith 153 p. 59 
‘Vex. Geo D.C. Mass.; A. griseum Smith 153 p. 59 Middle, South & West. States; 
A, fraternum Smith 153 p, 60 South, & West. States; A. varicorne Smith 153 p. 60 
South. & West. States; A. extensum Smith 153 p. 61 Mont, Kans.; A. zneipenne 
Smith 153 p. 61 D.C.; A. contusum Smith 153 p. 61 Dac.; A. tenuirostrum Smith 
153 p. 62 Tex. Kans. Neb, D.C.; A. attenuatum Smith 153 p. 62 Kans,; A. con- 
fertum Smith 153 p. 63 West. & South. States; A. patruele Smith 153 p. 64 U.S. 

Podapion (n. g.) Riley 118 p. 61; gallicola Riley 118 p. 62 D.C., L. Sup. Mass. 
Tyloderma nigrum Casey 9 p. 56 N. Ill.; T. punctatum Casey 9 p. 57 N.Y.—Balan- 
inus obtusus Blanchard 3 p. 107 N.H. Mass. Tex. Neb. 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 12 


Notes and News. 


In the Vol. of the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitschrift for 1884, 
which has just come to hand, we note that our good friend Dr. Horn 
has also been elected honorary member of that society. It gives another 
proof of the high standing Dr. Horn has made for himself. 


* * 
* 


Early this spring I found under the bark of a tree a specimen of 
Coptocycla aurichalcea as bright and glittering as evera specimen I saw in 
life. It was perfectly dry, and a mere shell and had evidently been dead 
a long time, In no collections I have ever seen, have I found any speci- 
mens at all approaching the living insect in beauty. I mentioned this 
to Drs. Hagen and Horn, at Cambridge, recently, and Dr. Horn says 
both Dr. Leconte and himself had tried in every way to restore or pre- 
serve the color of this insect, without success: he suggests that the living 
insects be confined, kept perfectly dry, and allowed to die of starvation’ 
and possibly in that way fine cabinet specimens might be obtained. Dr. 
Hagen says that a drop of Glycerine under the elytra preserved their 
lustre for some time but eventually they became dull. Will our Coleop- 
terological friends try their hands at this during the coming season and 
report success? 


* * 
* 


In Can. Ent, XVI p. 131, Miss Murtfeldt gavesomenotes on “Affacus 
cinctus, Tepper”. In Mrs. Fernald’s collection I saw recently, a pair of 
A. splendidus De Beauv. labelled A. cemctus, and received from Miss 
Murtfeldt. The remarks in the Can. Ent. must therefore be considered 
as notes on A. splendidus, the determination (credited to Prof. Riley by 
the bye,) being erroneous. Sflendidus is credited to our fauna in Mr. 
Grote’s list of 1882; but I have never seen a specimen from the U.S. and 
do not remember having seen any note of its being found north of Mex- 
ico. Still it is very likely that it will yet occur near the border. 


From cinctus the species is readily distinguished by the shape of the 
transparent spots, which in splendidus take the form of an elongate tri- 
angle, or arrow head, and extend to and sometimes cross the outer 
median line: in czcfus on the contrary the spots are smaller, not regu- 
larly triangular but more rounded; those of secondaries of an irregular 
diamond shape: they never cross and rarely even touch the outer median 
line. Other characters are not wanting to separate the species, but those 
above mentioned are the most obvious. The error in determination was 
a very natural one, as Mr. Tepper had but recently figured the species, 
and a cursory comparison with the figure would indicate identity. 


* * 
* 


Newark, N. J., now has an Entomological Society with about 15 
members. Some of our Newark friends are excellent collectors, and 
will no doubt be heard from before long. We wish them good luck and 


prosperity. 


* * * 


Early in June we had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Thaxter and his 
collections at Kittery Point and obtained some hints on collecting at 
light. One point may be interesting, and that is that Noctuids always 
fly against the wind, and unless your light is placed so that they can fly 
thus to get to it, your success will be small. 


* * 
* 


In Dr. Horn’s Scotocryptus paper in our last number, p. 51, is 
“‘Aglyptus 4—3—3 ¢ 6”. The “Q” is owing to a slip of the pen, and 
should be omitted. 


* * 


. 

Dr. Goding, of Ancona, Ill., writes us ‘‘Having read Mr. Stretch’s 
article” ‘Anal appendages of Leucarctia acrea’, (Papilio III, 41), I was 
interested in the capture of a specimen of Cfenucha fulvicollis while the 
insect was in the act of protruding similar appendages. ‘These ‘anal 
antenne’ were about ¢ of an inch long, of a milk white color, and cover- 
ed with short yellowish gray hairs, very closely resembling a lamp chim- 
ney cleaner” as observed by Mr. Stretch. 

The insect was captured while flying around a lighted lantern, the 
appendages being plainly seen by quite a number of persons. I have 
never observed these organs in the insect mentioned by Mr. Stretch.” 

This is interesting as showing similarity of structure between the 
Arctude and this species, classed as one of the Zygenide. Will our friends 
all over the country watch the insects they attract to light, and find 
whether any other species shows this peculiarity, the function of which is 
not yet satisfactorily explained. 

x 


* 


In an old-(1879) foreign Journal I found recently a note of some 
interest. A pair of Anh. pernyi emerged from the cocoon together; next 
morning they were found 7 covfw and so remained until 4 p.m. that day. 
They then separated, the ¢‘ was removed and killed, and the 2 began 
ovipositing. About 6 p.m. another ¢j' emerged, which immediately and 
before the wings were yet fully unfolded, sought the female and remained 
m cou until 8 A.M. next morning. The Q then continued the egg-laying 
business and a// the eggs proved fertile. The interesting point is, that 
it controverts the accepted theory that a Q once mated exercises no 
further attraction to the Qj\(f\ and is unmolested by them. Have any of 
our readers observed similar instances? 

. 


* 
* 


eG) 


The new Check list of Coleoptera, by Mr. Henshaw will be ready 
for distribution some time in September. Mr. Henshaw has promised 
to furnish manuscript for annual supplements, which will be published 
in our Journal. What we need now, is an addition that will bring our 
Lepidoptera lists up to date, and may-hap the present year has also that 
in store for us. 


* * 
* 


Lt. T. L. Casey has sent us $50 for a life-membership in the B’kIn. 
Ent. Soc. This sum goes to our publication-fund. Will not some of 
our other friends help us along in the same way? 


* * 
* 


Mr. Curley’s paper, on a previous page, 1s an interesting contribu- 
tion, and one deserving of study; many will not be inclined to agree 
with him in his deductions; but it presents facts in a somewhat novel 
light, and we are ready to receive criticisms. 

————— - ==> 6 <0 me 


Society News. 


~ Brooklyn Entomological Society. June 2, 1885.—Twenty persons present, 
among them Dr. Geo. H. Horn, honorary member of the society; Mr. Cramer in 
the chair. 

A communication from Capt. D. H. Murdock, presenting the Society with 
a small lot of Anthobiwm, was read by the Secretary. 

Mr. Smith read a paper upon some structural peculiarities of the Zyacenide 
and Bombycide, touching upon some points of correlation of habits and struc- 
ture, and dwelling somewhat on the modifications of the genital organs of the 
male. ‘These structures 1t seemed probable would furnish characters of great 
systematic value, and their modifications in the Noctuids were now being 
studied by Prof. Riley and himself in the preparation of a monographic work on 
the N. A. Noctuide. A system of classification of the Sphingide, Zyqewnidee and 
Bombycidee was outlined, placing the Spkingide: lower in the scale then at present 
catalogued, 

Dr. Horn illustrated some modifications of structure in Corphyra, referring 
more especially to the <¥' sexual pieces. 

The balance of the evening was spent in discussing methods of collecting 
on the sea-shore. Mr. Weeks had succeeded in taking quite a number of 
Dyschirius pallipennis by digging on the site of a dried up pond until he found 
water which he then poured over the old banks. 

After informal discussion the Society adjourned until the first Tuesday of 
September. 


Will the members of the Society please collect during the season in all ord- 
ers, outside of their specialities and turn over the material to me for the benefit 
of the Society’s collection? Iam ready to receive donations to the cabinet at my 
office, No. 4 Fletcher St., N.Y., or will call for specimens if notified. 

CHAS. W. LENG, Curator. 





Ia 
MERIGANA 


MOLT. BROOKLYN, AUGUST, 1885. NO. 9. 








An Introduction to a classification of the N.A. Lepidoptera. 
By Joun B. Smiru. 


(Continued from ‘‘Bulletin’’ VII, p. 141.) 


In the previous papers of the series is given a synopsis of the families 
of the Lepidoptera and a review of the genera of the Rhopalocera. The 
present paper deals with the Sf/imgide which in our lists are catalogued 
immediately after the Rhopalocera. 

This group or division has had rather a hard time of it at the hands 
of recent authors, no two lists being alike, Sometimes there would be 
a dozen species to a genus, then a dozen genera each with one species, 
and in the next list we would find as many genera, but with different 
names, or the same genera differently applied. To straighten out the 
confusion thus caused will be the task of the monographer of the group, 
and is beyond the province of this paper; those names which are used in 
Mr. Grote’s most recent list will be used here, though not all of the 
genera are adopted and the sequence is changed, 

On this point of sequence of genera, I have adopted an order based 
on their structural relations. It is a matter of small importance 
because the genera are interchangeably related, Arctonotus for in- 
stance having the structural characters of both Pogocolon and Smerinthus, 
while Dezdamia unites Smerinthus with Sphinx. No linear classification 
will therefore show the true relationship of the genera, and my scheme 
is to begin with the most typical genus of the series and thence work to 
that form most nearly like the following group. Iam unable to com- 
prehend why Mr. Grote places the ‘‘Phalzenoides” (Smerinthides) between 
the ‘‘Eumorphe” (Phi/ampelus and allies) and the ‘‘Manduce” (Sphinges) 


CER 


for they are entirely out of place there and the ‘‘Manduce” and ‘‘Eu- 
morphz” are certainly closely enough related. 

The Sphingide are distinguished by their usually large size, plump 
robust bodies, usually long, conic and cylindrical abdomen and prismatic 
antennz. The venation has been figured in Vol. VII of the ‘‘Bulletin” 
and the distinctive feature in that respect was found to be a distinct cross 
vein, connecting the costal and subcostal of the secondaries, near base. 
The wings of the typical Sphinges are usually rather narrow, long and 
stiff, capable of great resistance to the air, as well as of rapid motion; 
and the habits of the insects, or at least a large part of them, hovering 
over a flower while feeding, requires such a structure. Usually they fly in 
the early evening, though many, among them the J/acrogéoss@ fly in the 
hottest sunshine, and are often mistaken for humming birds. The Smer- 
inthides on the contrary, incapable of feeding, are rarely taken, though 
sometimes attracted to light. 

The larve are usually furnished with a distinct caudal horn, or an 
eye like spot denoting its usual position, though some species lack all 
trace of it. Itis the habit of the larva also to rest with the thoracic seg- 
ments raised, and somewhat curled, and this, giving them a fancied 
resemblance to the Sphinx, is said to have prompted the name. 

Among our forms two distinct groups may be distinguished. The 
Sphinges, with long corneous tongue, prominent head, and rarely serrate 
antenne, and the Symerinthides with short weak membraneous tongue, re- 
tracted head, usually serrate or pectinated antennz in the ,j, and general- 
ly angulated dentate or crenulate outer margin of forewings. 

The true Sphinges, or those with long corneous tongue divide readi- 
ly into two distinct series on the shape and proportion of the antenne. 

In the Macroglosse they are distinctly clavate toward the tip (which 
is furnished with a small bent hook) and usually fully one half the length 
of the primaries. In the others the antenne are either tolerably equal 
throughout or they are thickest in the middle, tapering to each end. 

Most, if not all the A/acroglosse are diurnal in their habits, flying 
about flowers in the hottest sunshine. 

Macroglossa (Hemaris) contains those of our species with more or 
less transparent wings, and unarmed tibie. 

Pogocolon (Pterogon) has opaque wings of much the same form as 
Macroglossa but has spinose tibie, the anterior armed with a series of 
Jong corneous claws at outer side and tip. I cannot separate Lepisesia 
from Pogocolon, and Luproserpinus also seems congeneric. These genera, 
each containing a single species, have a somewhat different habitus from 
that of the more typical Pogocolon, and serve to show the close relation- 
ship of that genus to AZacroglossa. 


Roe 


To some extent intermediate between the JZacroglosse and the 
Sphinges are three genera which are aberrant wherever placed. 

Amphion, Aellopos and Thyreus have no special relationship except 
in the tufted abdomen. There is always a prominent anal tuft, and usu- 
ally there are more or less distinct lateral tuftings. The tongue is strong 
and the antennz are not clubbed. 

Amphion is perhaps nearest te Macroglossa and has a similar body 
form; the ornamentation is also similar, but the primaries are excavated 
below apex, and again below middle, and the hind angle is somewhat 
prominent. The single species, xessws, is a very pretty one, with a nar- 
row, clear yellow band across the abdomen. 

Aellopos is somewhat depressed. The head is much more prominent 
than either of the preceding, the antennz are remarkably slender, almost 
setaceous, with a small recurved hook at the tip; the thorax is narrow, 
the primaries inserted well back, and the abdomen is long, broad, ob- 
tusely terminated, and the tip is furnished with a fan like tuft. The 
primaries are narrow.with even, very oblique outer margin. The narrow 
thorax well produced before the insertion of wings, and the narrow pri- 
maries, recall Dz/phonota. 

Thyreus is a very peculiar form, with strong Smerinthid tendencies, 
but long corneous tongue. The ( antenne are thickened and serrate, 
the head is not prominent, the body is plump, convex, and the abdomen 
short, very broad and obtusely terminated. The anal tuft is pointed and 
the lateral tufts, extending nearly to middle are round and truncate, 
The primaries are excavated below apex, angulated at middle and again 
excavated above the hind angle. The Smerm/thid features are prominent 
but not more so than the characters which lead to its association with 
Amphion. 

Enyo is a very recognizable form, distinguished by the prominent 
thoracic crest. The primaries are narrow, but else very much as in the 
preceding. The abdomen is elongate, conic, with a fan like tuft, distinct 
in the § only. The distinctly crested thorax is unique in the N. A. 
Sphingids and serves to isolate the genus at a glance. 

The series of typical Sphimges may be headed with the genus 
Sphinx which includes Daremma, Diludia, Phlegethontius (Macrosila) 
Dolba and Hyloicus of Mr. Groie’s list. 

The characters common to all these, are oblong, or subquadrate 
thorax, the primaries inserted well forward, the head moderately promi- 
nent, the abdomen conic, robust, primaries with even, somewhat round- 
edly oblique outer margin, sometimes with the anal angle somewhat 
marked. The legs are long and strong, the fore tibiae moderate in length, 
robust, and usually furnished with a series of claws or stout spines at 


aa os 


outer side, and a similar series along outer side of tarsi. The hind tibiz 
are always longest and are furnished with two pairs of very long unequal 
spurs. The species classed as Philegethonttus are more robust, with 
broader head, somewhat more prominent palpi and rather broader wings. 
Sphinx is applied to the narrower winged species with long acute apices. 
Daremma has rather more retracted head and more rounded outer mar- 
gin. Hyloicus is very like Daremma but there is an excavation in the 
secondaries before anal angle, Dzludia has the hind angle of pri- 
maries marked, and lacks the armature of the fore legs. This has_per- 
haps a claim to generic distinction, but the armature here is a variable 
quantity and not decided enough in its character to be given much weight. 

Dolba is applied to a small, dark species, with rather short stout ab- 
domen and unarmed fore tibia. None of these generic names seem 
worthy of adoption, since the characters upon which they are based are 
evanescent. 

Cautethia is rather a peculiar form with the habitus of Pogocolon, 
but the structure of a true Sphzmx, except for the wider head and more 
prominent eyes, which ally it to Délphonota. It falls in naturally after 
Dolba. It certainly does not belong with Jacroglossa. 

Ceratomia has a more retracted head, smaller eyes, and longer, ob- 
tusely terminated abdomen. The larval character of C. guadricornis (4 
short horns on shoulder) is so peculiar that I should expect that more 
differences will yet be discovered in the imago. The genus should pre- 
cede Sphwx in cataloguing. 

Pachyha, Philampelus and Deilephila agree in having a larger head, 
more prominent eyes, and robust thorax, with the insertion of primaries 
further back than in Sphinx. The legs are longer, less robust, and the 
fore legs especially are longer and weaker than in Sphzmx. The primaries 
are wider, slightly excavate below apex and above hind angle. Second- 
aries with distinctly marked anal angle. 

The differences between this series and the series Sphinx are difficult 
of enumeration because mostly comparative, but I think the foregoing 
will serve to separate them. 

Inter se these genera are distinguishable—Pachylia by its very large 
size and obtusely terminated abdomen; PA:/ampelus by conic abdomen, 
long fore tibia and unarmed (i.e. no armature other than the ordinary 
spines) tarsi; and Dezlephila by having the fore tibia at tip, and the tarsi 
at the sides furnished with longer claw like spines. I cannot separate 
Argeus from Philampelus. 

Amphonyx and Dilphonofa have still more prominent head, narrower 
thorax still more produced in front of the base of primaries, very long 
conic abdomen, and long, pointed primaries. Amphonyx anteus isa 


large insect, the middle of secondaries semi-transparent, and the outer 
margin of primaries even. ‘The third joint of palpi is produced in the 
form of a small curved horn. Dz/phonota contains smaller species with 
dentate outer margin of primaries, and the thorax with a distinct divided 
crest. The latter structure is peculiar to this genus so far as I know, 
among the N. A. representatives of the family. 

These two genera really belong nearer to the true Sphimges than 
Pachylia and allies; but.are placed here merely for convenience of com- 
parison. 

In the remaining genera of this series, a long step is made to the 
Smerinthids in the weak legs with the small spurs of the middle and hind 
tibia. ‘The head is as in the SfAimges and the thorax is rather shorter 
than in that group. 

Cherocampa has short narrow primaries and an unusually long 
slender, conic abdomen. ‘The secondaries also are very narrow, and ex- 
cavated before the anal angle. ‘The species are of the most elegant in 
our fauna. 

Darapsa has wider wings and heavier, shorter abdomen, the thorax 
is proportionately weaker, and the head more retracted. The wings are 
much as in Phi/ampelus. I cannot separate Amfpelophuga versicolor from 
this genus. 

Detdamia is one of the connecting genera between this group and the 
Smerinthids. ‘Vhe head is retracted, the \ antenne serrate, the primaries 
shaped like Smerin‘hus. But the tongue is distinct and for this reason 
I place it at the end of the present series. 

The Smerinthides are distinguished by the short membraneous 
tongue, retracted head, serrate or pectinate antennz of the <j, usually 
angulated or scolloped primaries, less conic and more obtusely terminated 
abdomen, which is also more woolly and less smoothly clothed than in 
the preceding group, and by the weak short legs in which the spurs are 
greatly reduced in size and often wanting in part. The posterior legs are 
much reduced in length and strength, and instead of being the most 
robust, they are in this series the weakest pair. As a whole the tendency 
to the Bombycide is unmistakeable and very strongly marked in every 
respect. 

The genera are closely related and with the exception of Arctonolus 
and Lilema which I class with this series, they are often lumped under 
the generic type Smerinthus. 

Tripiogon contains two large species, moues/a and occidentalis, with 
very strongly retracted head, scolloped outer margin of primaries, and a 
heavy claw terminating the tip of fore tibia. The middle and hind tibiz 
have each two small spurs at tip, The secondaries are not ocellated. 


LR 


Paonias has the outer margin of primaries similarly crenulated, but 
lacks the claw of the fore tibia. It is smaller, and has the secondaries 
ocellate, differing from Smerimthus only in the outer margin of primaries. 
Whether or not this ought to warrant the genus is a question,. and in 
the limited number of species in our fauna it should be considered rather 
as specific than generic. 

Smerinthus has the primaries excavated and angulate and the second- 
aries ocellate. The antennz of the (J vary in the length of the pectina- 
tions; but the differences are specific and not. generic. The tibize are 
unarmed and the posterior pair have only a single pair of small spurs at 
tip. I cannot separate Ca/asyméo/us Grt. from this genus. 

Cressonia is a very distinct genus. The palpi are long, the third 
joints prominent, pointed and divaricate, the tibiz heavily spined, the 
posterior with two pairs of spurs. The antennz of the (J are bipectinate 
in true bombyciform fashion. The outer margin of wings is dentate or 
scolloped, but not prominently so. This is one of the most distinct of 
the Sphingid genera, the palpi being abnormally developed, 

Arctonotus is a peculiar genus, which Mr, Grote classes with the 
‘‘Caudiberes”, and which in the armature of the fore tibia is related to 
Pogocolon; but by the weak short tongue, the serrate and bristled ( an- 
tennee, and woolly body is nearer related to the Smerinthides. It seems 
out of place anywhere. The primaries are small, stout, the outer margins 
even. The posterior tibiz have two pairs of spurs. 

Eillema is usually classed as a Sphingid genus but the tongue is 
short, the legs are weak, and the posterior tibia have only a single pair 
of spurs. The (j\ antennz are serrate and furnished with tufts of bristly 
hair and the head is retracted. The outer margin is even, and the apex 
somewhat rounded. 

Exedrium Grt., based on Sphinx halicarnie Strk., probably comes 
here. Mr. Strecker’s description gives no structural details of any kind, 
and I have only seen the insect to make a superficial examination of it. 
It has a strongly bombycoid appearance, the wing form being much like 
that of Heferocampa and the body compact, robust. The tongue is prob- 
ably weak, and the legs short. 


In synoptic form the scheme above developed is as follows: 


Monge done) StrongCOMCOUS a... -.1.\ spent eels esterete oer SPHINGIDES. ] 
Monbue shorts weak, membranecouss, soe meerrcc) Grier auieer SMERINTHIDES. 8 
1—Antenne clubbed at tip and furnished with a short bent hook...... sabi heen ene 9 
Antenne not clubbed, equal, or thickest at middle, either bent at tip or slender, 
CULVER HAE il cet entities ccs co eta rere eR tas sats gf pPSTECS Se Ita nia (avait el a “ait, ENS 3 
2—Tibiz unarmed, wings more or less hyaline .................... Macroglossa. 


Tibiz spinose, anterior armed at sides and tip ........ ....cs..-e- Pogocolon. 


3—Abdomen tufted at tip, and usually also at sides... .... 2.0... cececeeeececees 4 
Albdomen'not tufted! at tipor sides... Jl dces ese 


4—Body short, plump; abdomen pointed at tip; primaries excavated below apex 
anGdracaimuberoresuind tamale (ase sc... . eens ety seys elec tfarai ter -tiel = Amphion. 

Abdomen elongate, flattened, rather abruptly terminated; anal tuft fan like; 
primaries very narrow, pointed; antennz very slender ......... Aellopos. 

Abdomen short, obtuse, broad, with brush like lateral tufts; antennze thick, in 


Gusehkates: primaries angulate and excavate wer y os eiciae sie «seni Thyreus, 
Abdomen conic, with a fan like tuft at tip; thorax with a distinct sharp crest 
behimdicollansprimaries ashiMel iyLeus ee erneriery sere altoids aei-y- ereisi yet Enyo. 
5—Spurs of middle and hind tbize very long, unequal, legs robust................ 6 
Spurs of middle and hind tibie short; weak, more equal; legs weak.......... 7 


6—Prothorax not much extended before base of primaries; fore legs short and stout. 
Abdomen conic, pointed, fore tibia and tarsi usually armed with spines or claws 


AOU LCEASIC Cheers sae sl sels revere serase, w <2 areata netae cele miele mau astotars Sphinx. 
Abdomen conic, pointed, head much broader, eyes larger; size very small; 

secondaniessyellow-with black: margin .222 2s es2-.-5- 66s ee ees Cautethia, 
Abdomen obtuse at tip, head retracted, wings wider................. Ceratomia. 


Prothorax more extended before the base of primaries, head larger, thorax robust; 
anterior legs longer, weaker; primaries with outer margin sinuate, 


PN COmml CIO DEUSEsrereais miele setchersreta carats o's, «© SIRCEMORHS lovsh cue. payee Saree Pachylia. 

Abdomen conic; anterior tibia and tarsi unarmed................. Philampelus, 

Abdomen conic; shorter; usr ior tibia and tarsi with claw like spines at outer 
SIAC aeheiaysi a cerereerceeks Mtoe cFotiawetataycicie. « tse mere omieTereaeicla mtstontehorateleters Deilephila. 


Piothorax still further produced before base of primaries; head large; eyes very 
prominent; abdomen long and rather slender; thorax narrower. 
Thorax untufted; third joint of palpi projecting forward like short horns; outer 


MaALoIDsOMmpiMmares MOMGENLALEs et skys «te eiereyem Ne ne leeiesiae Amphonyx. 
Thorax with divided crest, outer margin of primaries dentate........ Dilphonota, 
7-—Wings very narrow, small, abdomen long, conic, very smoothly clothed......... 
Chcerocampa. 

(Broader winged, less robust, head more retracted, abdomen shorter, less regu- 
Darya COMI Cire as ersyepeyensyeecte els Cera teNairists: on! ciate sraeeeenpeestone| ckenet a eves eeratoreee Darapsa., 

Primaries angulated, abdomen obtuse, head crested, strongly retracted; (j' an- 
LEMINCCRG CIECULG Me ereteroeectereneh et teaelict oe or-) <<) ofa -tele ache reenter yale cre pate ya Deidamia. 

8—Primaries with outer margin scolloped or evenly crenulated. 

AMTEHOL tibia with aheavyaclawatatipr. ...csackieme meme csi cela eae Triptogon. 
ATLETIO“ UID AMINA’ cs) sfershsty tsuaysiencis: sss sig ste stslelis efelehersioraed siete oi ots Choheys Paonias. 
Primaries with outer margin excavate and angulate ............. Smerinthus. 


Primaries with outer margin evenly dentate; 3rd joint of palpi unusually long; 
AiVaTICAtELAL TEP ye ate sraroreeisieke els eceselo.s = « </dalapsan Meietead setereiond chs inieeatees Cressonia, 
Primaries with outer margin even. 
Anterior tibia armed with a series of long claws; plump, robust, body woolly...... 
Arctonotus. 
Anterior tibia unarmed; form more slender, less robust................ Ellema, 


(To be continued.) 


aig 


Synonymical Notes No. 2. 
By Geo. H. Horn, M.D. 


The species here considered are those described in a large and rather 
rare folio volume entitled ‘‘/usectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique” 
by A. M. F. J. Palisot de Keauvois, bearing date 1805. The species 
described are of all orders and were nearly all collected by the author 
himself during the year 1786—1797 and by reference to the descriptions 
the regions of our country visited by him can readily be ascertained. 


* The present essay will consider the U.S. Coleoptera mentioned by 
Beauvois whether the species are described by him as new or quoted 
from other authors. In the following list I have arranged the genera 
alphabetically for easy reference and follow the species with the initial 
B, for Beauvois, the other abbreviations being sufficiently known. 


In the case of any change in the name, whether in the genus or 
species, the present equivalent follows the Beauvois name. 


The first attempt at a translation of the Beauvois species was made 
by Chevrolat (Ann. Fr. 1853) but not in a very satisfactory manner as 
many were not seen by him. A work of this kind is never very easy and 
can best be done by one well acquainted with the separate regions from 
which Beauvois obtained the species. 


Agathidium oniscoides, B. p. 160. 
Blaps metallica, B. p. 140 = Hoplocephala bicornis. 


Callidium fulminans Oliy. p. 248 = Arhopalus fulminans. 
erythrocephalum Oliv. p. 248 = Neoclytus erythrocephalus. 
Cerambyx garganicus Oliv. p. 247 == Chion cinctus. 
Cebrio bicolor Fab. p. 9. 
Copris viridis B, p. 24 == Canthon viridis. 
obtectus B, p. 25 == Onthophagus Hecate. 
capistratus B, p. 57 == Choeridium histeroides. 
Ammon Oliy. 92 == Copris minutus. 
canadensis B. p. 92 = Onthophagus Janus. 


striatulus B. p. 92 = idem. 
latebrosus Fab. p. 93 == Onthophagus Hecate. 
subzeneus B, p. 105 = Janus, 


carolinus Fab. p. 108. 
carnifex B. p. 198 = Phanzeus carnifex. 


Elater oculatus Linn, p. 213 = Alaus oculatus. 
luscus Oliv. p. 213 = myops. 
verticinus B, p. 214 = Elater rubricollis. 
griseus B, 214 == Limonius griseus. 
ramicornis B, pp. 10 and 214 = Dicrepidius ramicornis. 
rufipes B. p. 214 (1). 


BB 
J 
Harpalus viridizeneus B, p. 108. 
dubius B, p. 108 = Cratacanthus dubius. 

Helops contractus B, p. 121 == Meracantha contracta. 

tenebrioides B. p. 121 = Tenebrio tenebrioides. 

teeniatus B, p. 121 = Helops micans, 
obliquatus Fab. p. 122 = Penthe obliquata. 

americanus B, p. 122 = Helops undulatus (2). 

tristis B. p. 139 (8). 

carolinensis p. 162 = Scotobates calcaratus. 

saperdoides Oliv. p. 162 = Xylopinus saperdoides. 

calcaratus B. p, 162 idem. 

Hister cylindricus B. p. 178 (4.) 

elongatus B, p. 178 (4). 

latipes B. p. 178 (5). 

subhemisphericus B, p. 180 = Hister abbreviatus. 
interruptus B. p. 180. 

regularis B, p. 180 = Epierus regularis. 

Lamia nodosa Fab. p. 244 == Acanthocinus nodosus, 

dentator Fab. p. 244 = Monohammus titillator. 

Melasis picea B. p. 7 == Zenoa picea, 

Melolontha angustata B, p. 30 = Macrodactylus angustatus. 

paradoxa B. p. 173 = Rhipidandrus paradoxus, 

Passalus cornutus Fab, p. I. 

Prionus imbricornis Oliv. p. 242. 

Scarabzeus nasicornis-americanus B. p. 75 = Xyloryctes Satyrus. 

Blackburnii Fab. p. 75 = Geotrupes Blackburnii. 
Broscii B, p. 89 = Strategus Antzeus Q. 
splendens B. p. 89 = ‘“ splendens. 
ferrugineus B, p. 90 = Bradycinetus ferrugineus. 
rubeolus B. p. 90 = Aphodius rubeolus. 

Cephus Oliv. p. 90 = Bolbocerus farctus. 
tumefactus B, p. 91 = idem. 
truncatus B. p. 41 = Phileurus truncatus. 

Tityus B. p. 138 = Dynastes Tityus. 

Anteeus Fab. p. 210 = Strategus Antzeus. 

Scarites marginatus Fab. p. 106 = Pasimachus marginatus, 
depressus Fab, p, 106 = a depressus. 
sublzvis B, p. 107 = sc subleevis. 
Georgie B, p. 107 = Morio Georgie. 
quadrimaculatus B. p. 107 = Clivina bipustulata. 

Spheeridium pallidum B. p. 157 (6). 

crenatum B, p. 158 = Spheridium scarabzeoides. 
leeve B. p. 158 (6). 
unistriatum B, p. 158 (6). 

Sinodendron americanum B, p. 192 = Sinodendron cylindricum (9). 

Stenocorus cyaneus Oliv, p, 249 == Desmocerus palliatus, 

Trichius scaber B. p. 58 == Osmoderma scabra, 
variegatus B, p. 59 = Valgus canaliculatus. 
squamiger b, p. 160 = squamiger, 
seticollis B, p. 59 = idem, 


” 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 14 


—gjgo— 


Tenebrio sublzevis B. p. 163 == Nyctobates pensylvanica. 
femoratus B, p. 163 == Haplandrus femoratus. 
minimus B, p. 164 = Opatrinus notus. 
variolosus B, p. 164 (7). 
elongatus B. p. 164 = Zophobas morio, 

Trox scabrosus B. p. 175. 

unistriatus B. p. 175 = Trox suberosus, 
crenatus B. p. 176 idem. 
denticulatus B, p. 176 idem. 
serrulatus B. p. 176 = Trox tuberculatus. 
Trogosita virescens Oliv. p. 125. 
angustata B, p. 125 = Languria angustata. 
marginata B, p. 125 = Tenebrioides marginata. 
maxillosa B, p. 125 == Gnathocerus cornutus. 
mutica B. p. 126 (8). 
depressior B, p. 126 (8). 
subnigra B, 127 (8). 
NOTES. 

1—ELlater rufipes. The name being preoccupied at the time it was 
given and not being recognizably described should be dropped. 

2—Helops americanus Beauv. Should be adopted for the species now 
called undulatus Lec. 

3—HHelops trisus Beauv. This is certainly nota Helops but I cannot 
identify it. Is it American? 

4—These two species cannot be identified and should be dropped from 
the insufficiency of the descriptions. 

5—The occurrence of a species so large (13 mm.) in our territory is very 
doubtful. 

6.—S. pallidum and S. deve are said by Chevrolat to be Camptodes 
(Ann. Fr, 1853; p. 631). I think there can be no doubt that S. 
pallidum is Pallodes silaceus Er, and Beauvois’ name should prevail. 
S. deve I cannot identify while S. uzzs/riatum seems to be Dacty- 
losternum abdominale Fab. 

7—This is called an Iphthimus by Chevrolat. It should doubtless be 
omitted from our lists. 

8—These species are Tenebrioides but it is impossible to identify them 
by the descriptions and figures. 

g—This species is European and does not occur in the U.S. 


ee 


We call attention to the advertisement of the New Check list of 
Coleoptera on our cover. It is now in press, and subscriptions may be 
made through the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 


The position of assistant curator of Entomology.in the U.S. Museum 
will be filled by ‘‘ye Editor’, who will nevertheless see that Ent. Amer. 
is issued promptly, as heretofore. 


——gI— 


The Influence of Climate on Cicada septendecim. 
By Ce V’. Rigs 


I have instituted the present season a series of experiments in the 
transferring of the eggs of Brood XXII (septendectm) of the Periodical 
Cicada, to the extreme southern states, where no sepfendecim brood is 
known to occur and of Brood VII (/redecim) to northern states where no 
tredecim brood is known to occur. ‘The purpose of the experiments is to 
test the effect of climate on the permanency of the two races; in other 
words, whether the larva in its subterranean life will be influenced by 
variation in the mean annual temperature. It will be interesting to ob- 
serve whether or not the /redecim race will require more than 13 years 
for development when transferred north, or the sepfendecim race fewer 
than 17 years when transferred to the south, 

The details of the experiments will be placed on record. The 
following transfers have already been made through the kind assistance 
of the gentlemen mentioned: 


BROOD VII (Tredecim). 











DATE. | EGGS RECEIVED FROM, 




















| EGGS SENT TO. 
July 1, 1885 P. H. Skipwith, Oxford, Miss. | J. A. Lintner, Albany, N.Y. 
“© 6, 1885 W. L. Peters, Senatobia, Miss. | J. H. Comstock, Ithaca, N.Y. 
‘ 13, 1885 J. G. Barlow, Cadet, Mo. Herbert Osborn, Ames, Ia. 
SATA OSS P. H. Skipwith, Oxford, Miss. | Sami Henshaw, Boston, Mass. 
O51, listo hes H. Skipwith, Oxford, Miss. Pag Thaxter, Kner Pt. Me: 
BROOD XXII (Septendecim). 
DATE, | EGGS RECEIVED FROM, | EGGS SENT TO, 
July 1, 1885 F. M. Webster, Lafayette, Ind, | KE. A. Smith, Ena ae 
‘© 6, 1885 F. M. Webster, Lafayette, Ind. | Geo. Noble, Savannah, 
** 6, 1885 i M. Webster, Lafayette, Ind. | J. E. Willett, Macon, ae 
SEI 1885 | E. Roeder, New Hope, Pa. | D. L. Phares, Agr. Coll, Miss. 
SMG LSSs | We Allis, Adrian, Mich. | R. W. Jones, Columbus, Miss. 


“0+. -aa———__ —_ 


The Periodical Cicada on Staten Island. 
By Witiiam T. Davis. 


In 1877 the Periodical Cicada occurred on Staten Island in count- 
less numbers. In places fences, trees and bushes were brown with 
cast skins, while the whir of their flight and monotonous song could be 
heard in every direction. This was the Hudson River brood, or that 


—g2— 


numbered XII by Mr. Riley, and is the only one that seems to be gener- 
ally remembered by observing persons on the Island, I recall thinking 
at the time, while I watched the pupa crawl up the garden fence and cast 
their skins as night came on, that I would not see any more of these in- 
sects on Staten Island until 1894. 

However, on May 8th, 1881, while collecting insects with Mr. Leng 
in the neighborhood of Watchogue, Stat. Isl., we found a red—eyed 
Cicada pupa under a stone, and on June sth, eight specimens were col- 
lected, all of them males and many of those being wet, having recently 
immerged. By the t2th of June they had become quite numerous, and I 
noted at the time that ‘‘about one tree I counted 52 pupa skins of the 
red—eyed Cicada”. 

This year I made special search for this Harvest fly, and as it occur- 
red in the neighboring territory, I hoped to find an individual or two on 
Staten Island. On July 4th, while walking along a wood-path with my 
friend, Mr. James Raymond, he found the upper left wing of the insect 
I had been looking for, aiid which some bird had evidently torn from its 
owner. I have this fragment now, and there is no doubt of its identity. 

From the above it seems that whenever the 17-year Cicada has oc- 
cured as a brood or ‘‘Locust year” happens in the vicinity of Staten Is- 
land, that a few individuals have appeared on it. This fact has been ob- 
served before by Mr.S. S. Rathvon, (mentioned by Mr. Riley), in 
Lancaster Co., Pa., who noted all those broods in his locality; but it 
may be of interest to again call attention to it in connection with a new 
location. : 


NOTE.-—Mr. Leng has this year also found a few pupa on Staten Island, but not 


common anywhere. Jena: 
$=» + 


Descriptions of New Lepidoptera. 


By B. NEUMOEGEN. 

Sphinx Separatus, n. sp. 

Head, thorax and abdomen of mouse gray color, with darker shades on pro- 
thorax and thorax, shading laterally into whitish gray. Lateral lines of prothorax and 
patagize prominently marked in black, inner marginal line hardly distinguishable. 
Gray dorsal band on upper side of abdomen, with a black dorsal centre line on last 
and anal segments, ornamented with black segmentary bands, Primaries of mouse 
gray color, with markings like in Sph. lugens Wlk., in brownish black, but the apical 
diagonal dashes, the undulating transverse line, which runs partly along outer margin 
and in an irregular bend turns and rests within the central part of inner margin, as 
well the two horizontal dashes between median nervules, much more prominent and 
pronounced than in lugens. The space between interior and anterior transverse line 
and along costa, above discal spots of brownish hue, leaving in discal cell and above 
centre of inner margin, interspaces of grayish white. A round basal, black blotch, 
Secondaries whitish gray. with large margmal and prominent medial bands of brown- 


aoe 


ish black, the color in marginal band fading into gray towards analangle. A black 
basal blotch, Fringes in primaries and secondaries whitish gray, ornamented with 
dark brown at intersection of nerves; less marked on secondaries. Below: legs and 
abdomen mouse gray. Primaries and secondaries brownish gray, the basal regions 
shading into light gray and assuming a whitish tint near anal angle of secondaries, 
The anterior transverse line on primaries and the marginal and medial bands on sec- 
ondaries well pronounced. Fringes as above. 

Habitat: New Mexico. Length of body 28 mm. Expanse of wings 
I1O mm, = 4.40 inches, 

Types in coll. Prof. F. H. Snow and B. Neumeegen. 

This stately insect has been, for many years, confounded with SpA. 
lugens W\k., which comes from Mexico, although a few specimens have 
been found in our South-Western States. Zugens W1k., is a considerably 
smaller insect of brownish olive tint, with delineations not so prominently 
marked, and faint basal blotches, ‘The excellent figure of Mr. Strecker’s 
SpA. lugens Wik. (H. Strecker’s No 13, fig. 12), would do well for Sph. 
separatus, if the color were changed and the other differences prominent- 
ly marked. 

Arctia v. Mormonica, N. var. 

This is a beautiful variety of the IJncorrupta type. Head, thorax and wings 
whitish yellow with black markings. The two black dots on prothorax missing and 
the black stripes on thorax and pategiz slender. Primaries have the black markings 
of the various horizontal and transverse lines so diminutive that they appear merely as 
a number of irregular dots and dashes, Secondaries have a marginal transverse row 
of black dots and a prominent discal dot. A bright ruse colored shade along basal 
margin, Abdomen bright rose, with black dorsal and lateral lines, and black 
anal tip. 

Habitat: Northern Utah. 

Types coll. Hy. Edwards and B, Neumcegen. 

This insect is the connecting link between the Agvadensis and dota 
groups, and shows how near akin they are J/ormonica, but for its color 
and slender markings, resembles A. Anfholea Bd. in its primaries and A. 
Mexiwana Gr. and R. in its secondaries. 

As I stated, at the time, in Papilio Vol. VIII, p. 151, A. encorrupta 
Hy. Edw., is undoubtedly the typical form and A. Nevadensis Gr. and R. 
but a variety; but entomological etiquette, much to the detriment of clear 
scientific understanding, giving the first disvoverer the preference, Aeva- 
densis will have to lead the line, which stands, as far as we know, now: 

A. Nevadensis, Gr, and R. 

v. incorrupta, Hy, Edw. 

v. Sulphurica, Neumgn. 

v. Mormonica, Neumgn. 

A. elongata Stretch, from Spokane falls, Wash. T., lately described, 
seems to be but another local form of this extremely variable insect. 

Arcta v. sulphurica: This is simply a correction for the v, ochracea 


Neum. mentioned in Papilio III, p. 151; ochracea being preoccupied by 
Mr. Stretch for a var. of A. Achaia, 

Adelocephala Bicolor var. Suprema. 

A brilliant variety of this handsome Bombycid. Head, thorax, abdomen and 
legs pearl gray. Primaries brownish shading off into pearl gray, from apex along ex- 
ternal and interior margins to bases Two distinct silvery white discal dots. Fringes 
pearl gray, Secondaries bright rose color, fading into pearl gray along margins. 

Below, primaries bright rose color, shading into pearl gray along costa and mar- 
gins. Secondaries uniform pearl gray, sprinkled with brown granules. 

Habitat: Lowa: 
Types coll. Mr. Geo. Franck and B. Neumcegen. 


ed 0 ee ee 
Some New Species of Hispini. 
By Joun B. Smiru, 


While arranging my collection of Chrysomelide@ recently, I found 
that an Odontofa given me by Mr. Julich which superficially resembled 
dorsalis was really a distinct species, As it seems probable that speci- 
mens of this species are confounded with dorsavis in collections I desire 
to call attention to the form. In order that our knowledge of the Hzs- 
pint might be brought to date, Dr. Horn has kindly sent me such new 
species as were in his own collection, 

Microrhopala uniformis, sp. nov. 

Terminal joint of tarsi very little longer than lobes of third; antennal club elon- 
gate, Moderately robust, black, shining, Vertex not sulcate. Thorax rather longer 
than wide, widerat base, sides arquate, surface cribrate; a shallow fovea at base. 
Elytra nearly parallel, each distinctly tricostate, the intervals biseriately punctured 
except between the second and third in which four rows are observed at the apical 
fourth; margin not serrate. 

Length 4—4.5 mm. Aad. Ariz. 

Two specimens; one somewhat immature, and therefore piceous. Dif 
fers from forcata to which it is most nearly allied by not having the vertex 
sulcate, by the longer thorax, the sides more distinctly arquate, and by 
the more robust form, The species is to an extent intermediate between 
the groups into which the genus is divided, the posterior tarsi having the 
fourth joint very obviously exceeding the lobes of third, while in the an- 
terior tarsi it is scarcely longer. 

Odontota Horni, sp. nov. 

Elytra with ten series of punctures, with three entire costee; reddish yellow, sut- 
ure narrowly black, the sides and tip not serrate or crenate. Antenne and legs 
black. Head black, coarsely punctured. Prothorax yellow above and below; above 
coarsely punctured, the punctures deep and somewhat elongate; a smooth deeply im- 


pressed median line. Meso and meta-thorax black, sternum yellow. Abdomen pale, 
sides piceous. Size and form of dorsalis. 


Length 6mm. Had. Mass. 
This species bears a deceptive resemblance to dorsalis, and may be 
confused with it incollections. Superficially it differs only by the nar- 


rower, equal, sutural vitta. It differs further in the bicolored underside, 
the want of serrations at the sides of elytra and in the presence of a dis- 
tinct impressed median line on thorax. Several specimens from Mass. 
are in Mr. Julich’s collection, and he informs me he has seen the same 
species in Mr. Lugger’s collection taken near Baltimore, Dr, Horn says 


there is a specimen of the same species in the Leconte collection, 

Odontota lateritia, sp. nov. 

Elytra with eight series of punctures, divided into twos by three costz, Form 
slender, parallel, margins of elytra distinctly serrulate. Above, uniformly blood red 
in color; beneath, head and prothorax red, else black. Antennze and _ posterior legs 
black; median legs piceous, anterior legs rufo-piceous. Vertex witha median sulca. 
Thorax slightly wider at base, sides arquate; coarsely and densely punctured with an 
impressed median line, and a shallow transverse basal fovea. 


Length 6 mm. fad. Ariz. 1 specimen. 

A very distinct species, belonging between mervosa, and gracilis. It 
is more robust than graczzs and more parallel than zervosa, Its uniform 
blood red color is characteristic and differs immediately from the two 


other species belonging to the same section. 

Charistena bicolor, sp. noy. 

Head and elytra metallic dark blue, shining, thorax red, Beneath prothorax 
and abdomen red, else blue black. Elongate, sides of the elytra parallel, margins 
not serrulate. ‘“lhorax as long as wide, feebly arquate in front, parallel behind, Disc 
hardly convex, with a large, shallow, fovea at base; sparsely punctured at middle, 
more densely at sides. Antennz black, legs red. 


Length 45 mm. Had. New Mexico. 1 specimen. 

The second and third joints. of antennz are equal in length, and 
the species is close 1s Avzadne. It stands before that species in the se- 
ries. The intermediate femora do not appear to be serrulate, and the 
margins of the elytra are also smooth. It differs from all other species 
by the uniformly red thorax: the red legs also distinguish it from Arzadne. 

rt eg 
On the discovery of Thoracantha, a tropical genus of 
Chalcid flies, in Florida. 


By Wm. H. Asumeap, JACKSONVILLE, FLa. 


It may be interesting to many of your readers to know that that 
interesting genus of the Cha/cidide, Thoracantha, has a representative in 
the United States. 

This spring, among other interesting captures, I took a beautiful 
male specimen of this unique genus, feeding upon the flowers of the 
gall-berry //ex glaber, being I believe the first of the genus discovered on 
the North American Continent. 

The genus has heretofore been considered tropical, all the described 
species having been taken in the tropics. 

Thoracantha furcata Fabricius, is from Africa and Brazil; 7: s/rzata 


56 


Perty and 7. La/rei/i Guerin are from Brazil; while 7: nasua Walker is 
from Philippine Islands, so that the discovery of the species in the U. S. 
is doubly interesting. 

As my species does not agree with any of the descriptions accessible 
and is probably new, I name it in honor of the ‘‘Land of Flowers” and 
submit the following description. 

Thoracantha floridana, n. sp. 

dC. Length .17 inch. Black, shining, coarsely rugose. Head small, trans- 
versely rugose, not visible from above and held horizontally under the abnormally 
developed thorax: eyes moderate, oblong oval, mandibles large. curved, and 4-den- 
tate; antennee black, 12-jointed, 9-branched, scape moderately long, cylindrical, 2nd 
large, globular. 3rd to 11th short, cylindrical, slightly widened and truncate at tip, 
each emitting along sparsely pubescent sub-clavate branch; 12th joint very long, about 
same size as the antennal branches and making the antennz apparently ten-branched; 
thorax enormously developed and elevated, strongly rugose, the rugosities taking the 
form of longitudinal grooves, with short sparse pubescence; parapsides wide apart, 
distinct; scutellum abnormally developed, projecting posteriorly over the abdomen in 
the form of two long slightly curved horns, which are longitudinally grooved; wings 
are slightly brownish or fuliginous and when at rest lie flat under the horns; the mar- 
ginal vein is long, thick, and brownish black, stigma a large brown black spot with 
the postmarginal vein very long; abdomen pedunculated, peduncle longer than ab- 
domen, finely sculptured, cylindrical, slightly bent near the middle and thickest at 
base, abdomen smooth shining, black, compressed and when viewed from the side, 
triangular; legs testaceous, pubescent, coxze well developed black, upper part of 
femora and upper edge of tibize brown, two apical spurs on posterior tibize, with one 
small spine on middle pair. 

Described from one ({‘ specimen. 


—— 





Notes and News. 

The meetings of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S. will be 
held in room “H” of the University of Michigan. The first meeting 
will be held on the 25th of August at 2 P.M. and the following is the 
programme for that meeting: 1. Annual address of the President, Dr. 
John G. Morris. 2. Election of Officers for the ensuing year. 3. Re- 
ports of Officers and Committees. 4. New business. 5. ‘‘A biographical 
sketch of Dr. Wm. Le Baron, late State Entomologist of Illinois” by Dr. 
F. W. Goding. 6. Notes on structural and systematic characters of some 
N. A. Lepidoptera, by John B. Smith. 

Other papers have been promised by Prof. C. V. Riley, Prof. Herbert 
Osborn, Rev. Geo, D. Hulst, Dr. D. S. Kellicott and Prof. J. A. Lintner. 


* * 


* 
Mr. Ricksecker has written us a letter that is interesting enough to 
print almost in full; he says: 
‘Allow me to add my testimony to the fact, that at least some Cur- 
culio larve are lignivorous. At Monterey, Cal., I took numbers of 


; Tan | ag 

Cossonus piniphilus Boh. from a partly decayed pine log, and at Spokane 
Falls, W. T., I found Cossonus crenotus Horn under the bark of pine logs 
and stumps that were still sound. J/agdals Le Contev Horn I have su- 
spected of depredating in living pine-trees, but am not certain ofthis. Of 
Scolyide I have seen great swarms of Petvophthorus pubrpennis Lec. in the 
branches of newly-felled Live Oaks, and have taken the same or an allied 
species from sticks of oak that had previously been peeled for tan-bark. 
P. hamatus Lec., Tomicus plastographus Lec. and several species of Den 
droctonus burrow in pine and spruce timber. 


It must not be inferred, however, that because some of these insects 
burrow in timber-trees that they are destructive to our forests. Many 
species will never attack a healthy tree but have an acute sense for dis- 
covering an injured or dying tree or one that has recently fallen. It is 
the same with many Buprestidz and Cerambycide. I have taken a 
dezen Buprestis upon a single pine log, and at night, in a wood-cutters 
camp, many specimens of M/onohammus and Acanthocinus were taken on 
the piles of cord-wood (pine), and some were shaken from young pines 
that had been injured by fire, but none were observed on healthy trees. 
The apple-tree-borer, Chrysobothris femorata, attacks young fruit trees 
that have been scorched by the sun, but its natural food is the oak for I 
have seen dozens of them in the branches of a small Live-Oak that had 
been cut down less than an hour. Xylotrechus nauticus Mann., were 
also there, in great numbers, some copulating and others ovipositing. 
Thus also I have observed a swarm of many hnndreds of AZe/anophila con- 
sputa and M. longipes Say, where a brush fire had scorched some young 
spruce trees (dézes Douglasi). M. fulvoguttata also attacks the spruce 
and JZ gentils the pine, Lrgates spwulatus Lec, flourishes equally well 
in spruce or in pine, but ourcommon /ylotrupes Ligneus Fab., I have 
found only in Redwood*, (Seguoia sempervirens), and Neoclytus conjunctus 
Lec. only in the Madrone. 


In all these cases, however, it is only the dying or recently deceased 
wood that is attacked. Every tree that falls in the forest, every limb 
that is broken off by the wind, every stick that is cut by the wood-chop- 
pers axe, is attacked by its own peculiar species. They come from all 
directions. ‘They swarm about it, and run up and down upon it The 
- sexes will be in copulation; some females will be hunting for suitable 
crevices in the bark, in which to deposit their eggs; other females will 
be seen in the act of ovipositing, and last of all, not infrequently, —the 
parasitic Hymenoptera, in their turn, seeking the eggs of the wood-lovers, 


* Mr. Julich informs me that in the east, he has found this species confined to 
red cedar. Ed. 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 15 


ao 

and depositing their own upon them. In due time the eggs hatch, the 
larvee bore the wood and live their required time, until they come forth 
as imagines to renew tneir war upon the dying or injured trees. As 
these species are generally represented by thousands of individuals in a 
given locality, it is easy to imagine how destructive they would be to 
our forests and orchards were they to attack healthy trees. As it is, their 
operations are fruitful of good in that they aid nature in the grand scheme 
of life. The fallen tree is perforated in all directions, moisture enters the 
perforations and Termites, fungi and decay all add their forces in reduc- 
ing the wood to soil. 


Many interesting facts continually come under ones observation, 
but the difficulty is in determining what is new and what is not. Thus, 
I was astonished some ago, in watching a swarm of perhaps a thousand 
Melanophila consputa and MM. longipes, on some spruce trees and logs, 
after, a firein the woods. A large old spruce log, partly decayed, and 
full of termites, had been subjected to considerable heat, and some of 
the bark had slipped off. Here I saw and watched four different individ- 
uals of MWelanophila devour the scorched termites, which was the first 
instance I had observed of a carniverous habit in the Buprestide. ‘This 
may, however be well known to others, Then again some very common 
facts seem to be little known. For instance, I once told Dr. Leconte 
that our common Mesrius contractus was a bombardier beetle and he was 
surprised to hear it.” 


Melanophila longipes has been known to take playful nips out of ex- 
posed portions of the human body, but actual carnivorous habits have 
not been heretofore recorded to our knowledge. As to Me/rius, the in- 
formation is new. Dr. Horn has collected this insect and never noticed 
the bombardier habit, and Mr, Julich has also taken them in large num- 
bers without making that observation. Have any others of our Western 
friends noticed this fact? 


* * 
* 


The death of Mr. H. K. Morrison has made an opening for an in- 
telligent, enterprising and good collector. Coleoptera and Lepidoptera 
find a ready sale, and other orders are attracting increased attention here 
and may also be disposed of in Europe. Who will undertake this? 


* * 
* 


To facilitate exchanges among collectors we will hereafter publish a 
separate page of advertisements of offers and requests to exchange. A 
uniform charge of 5 cents per line will be made and the ads. will remain 
until crowded out by others. Deszderafa may be mentioned and lists of 
duplicates added. Check list numbers or names may be used. 


Book Notices. 


Cut Worms. A paper read before the New York State Agricultural Society, at the 
Annual Meeting, January 21, 1885, by J. A. Lintner, Ph. D., New York State 
Entomologist. 8vo, 25 pp. figures. 

Contains a brief review of the literature, a synopsis of their life hist- 
ory, and a compilation of what is known of remedies. 

Studies among the Meloide. By Geo. H. Horn, M.D. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. 
XII, pp. 107—116, March 1885. 


Descriptions of New North American Scarabeide by Geo. H. Horn, M. D. 
Tr. Am, Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 117—128, March 1885. 


Contributions to the Coleopterology of the United States (No, 4) by Geo. 
H. Horn, M.D. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 128—162. March 1885. Plates 
V and VI illustrate these articles. 


On the species of Canthon and Phanzus of the United States, with notes 
on other genera, by Frederick Blanchard. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 163—172, 
May 1885. 

We are glad to see Mr. Blanchard in the ranks of our systematic 
workers. He has been long and favorably known as a collector, and his 
paper gives evidence that he is able to do gcod work in the systematic line. 
The Periodical Cicada. An account of Cicada septendecim and its tredecim race, 

with a chronology of all broods known, by Chas. V, Riley, Ph. D. Bulletin No. 8, 
Div. of Entomology U.S. Dept. of Agricult. June 1885, pp. 46, figures. 

This pamphlet is accompanied by Circular No. 16, giving the di- 
stribution of the two broods due this year, and stating that notes of the 
appearance, the numbers and distribution of the broods are desired, It 
would be a desirable thing for all Entomologists to gather what infor- 
mation they can in reference to these insects if they appear in their locali- 
ties and send the same to Prof. Riley. 

Descriptions of some new Cerambycidz with notes by Geo. H. Horn, M.D. 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XII, pp. 173--197, June 1885. 

Gives synopses of Oxoplus, S/enosphenus, Monilema, Monohammus, 
Goes, Onciderus, Eupogonius and Dysphaga. 

Synopsis of the Throscidz of the United States. By Geo, H. Horn, M.D. 
Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 198—208, June 1885. 

A Study of the species of Cryptobium of North America. By George H. 
Horn, M.D. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, pp. 85—106. Pl. Iand II. (Feb. 1885.) 


Dr. Horn here gives us an exceedingly interesting paper, illustrating 
some remarkable peculiarities of structure. These were touched upon 
in the March Meeting of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, and are 
here elaborated. Of many species there are three forms of structure of 
the 4th ventral segment of the ¢j., One is called a perfect ¢', another 
an imperfect (j', the third an incomplete ¢j, These are but descriptive 
terms and are not applied to differences of function. It is however an 
exceedingly interesting question whether these differences in structure 


=) (Ola 


have not some corresponding physiological difference. It seems highly 

probable, and yet it is difficult to imagine what it could be. The com- 

plete is the most common, the imperfect J nearly as plentiful while 
the incomplete <j is comparatively rare. 

The imported Elm Leaf Beetle. Its habits and Natural History and means of 
counteracting its injuries. Bulletin No. 6 of Div. of Ent. U.S. Department of 
Agriculture. pp. 18; 1 pl. May 1885. 

Insects affecting growing wheat. By F. M. Webster. Purdue Univ. Bulletin 
No, 3. Indianapolis April 1885, pp. 6; 3 Plates. 

EE RR ee OE PES ER aE ES 

Obituary Note. 
We are sorry to record the death of Mr. H. K. Morrison, of Morgan- 

ton, N. C. Mr, Morrison was born at Boston, Mass, January 24, 1854, 

and died at his home in Morganton, June 15, 1885, of inflamation of 

the bowels. The passion for collecting insects was strong with him from 
childhood, and in his twentieth year he determined to give up his busi- 
ness as shoe dealer and devote himself entirely to Entomology. At this 
time he began publishing, and described quite a number of heterocerous 
lepidoptera and made valuable notes and observations, especially in the 

Noctuidz. The papers were principally in 1873. 1874 and 1875 in the 

Boston Proceedings, and Proc. Ac. N.S., Phil. Many notes and shorter 

papers are in the Canadian Entomologist for those years. They display 

strong appreciation of characters used. in systematic Entomology, and 
render it a matter of regret that he did not continue the study. However 
he had determined to earn his living as a collector, and the long trips 
necessitated by this made systematic work an impossibility; the more so 
as justice to those purchasing from him required that rarities should go 
to them in the sets taken. In the spring of ’76 he went south, collect- 
ted in Georgia and the mountains of Western N.C., in ’77 he married 
and established his home in Morganton, whence his later trips were made. 

In ’77 he also made a three months trip to Colorado; the summer of ’78 

he collected in the black hills; *79 in Nev., Cal. and Utah, ’80 and ’81 

in Wash. Terr., Or. and So. Cal.; ’82 and ’83 in Arizona, ’84 in South- 

ern Florida and in the spring of 85 he again spent some time at Key 

West. Mr. Morrison was a dilligent and careful collector and found a 

large number of new species in all orders, so that ‘‘Collected by Mr. 

Morrison” appears everywhere in descriptive papers. He was well known 

not only everywhere in America, but also in Europe, and had built up 

quite an extensive business in this line. His premature death has de- 
prived our science of one of its most active workers in the collecting line 
and will leave a vacancy hard to be filled. 





YOL.1. BROOKLYN, SEPTEMBER, 1885. NO. 6. 





Descriptions of New Species of Heterocera. 
By R. H. STRETCH: 

As many of the readers of ‘‘EnromoLocicA AMERICANA” are aware, 
I have for the past three years been engaged on a monograph of the 
groups Zygenide, Lithoside and Arctiide of North America, intended to 
collate all the literature thereon, and to illustrate @// the species with a 
good recognizable figure. The work is now in sucha state, that its com- 
pletion depends only on my ability to secure a certain number of types 
for figuring; and in this place I propose, while describing certain new 
forms, so as to obviate the risk of their being described while the work 
is in the press, and so creating synonyms, to indicate my desiderata and 
ask assistance from those who may be fortunate enough to possess the 
species, either in the form of drawings or photographs, or the loan of 
the insects themselves. At this date there are drawn about 350 figures, 
illustrating 210 species, most of them already printed. 

Scepsis Wrightii. Q.,/'. Similar to S. fulvicollis, but smaller. Head, palpi, 
antennze, legs, thorax and abdomen, black, the latter with blueish reflections. Pro- 
thorax white with very pale yellowish tinge, not extending to the underside of the 
head and palpi. Primaries dark brown, as in fulvicollis, but with paler fringes and 
yellowish costa. Secondaries diaphanous, with irregular blackish margin, as in fulvi- 
collis. Beneath as above, 

Expanse of wings 1.10 inches. Had. Southern California, Wright. 

Described from 7 GQ, received from Mr. G. W. Wright, after 
whom it is named. Readily distinguished by its smaller size and the 
tint and distribution of the prothorax coloring. 


ee 


Harrisina australis. <¢. Similar to H. Americana, butlarger. Head black. © 


Antenne black, with a metallic blue tinge. Abdomen and legs black. Prothorax: 
orange, the color extending to the base of the patazia, and underside of the head and 
breast. Wings shaped as in americana, but more opaque, blacker and with a more 
positive blackish-green reflection. 

Expanse of wings 1,15; length of body 0.50 inches. Aud. Florida, 
Hy. Edwards. 

Out of the four American species this is the only one which has the 
underside of the head yellow, and this character will instantly separate 
it, In size, the range of americana is from 0.75 to 1.00 inch, with an 
average of about 0.90 inch, so there is a notable difference in size as well 
as color. 


Harrisina metallica. Similar to americana but much larger. Entire insect 
above and below, lustrous blueish-green, with the wings a shade yellower than the ab- 
domen. Prothorax orange, the color not extending to the underside of the head. 
The wings have the apices much more produced than in americana or australis. 


Expanse of wings 1.60 inches; length of body 0.50 inch. Had. New 
Mexico, Prof. Snow. 

Very distinct from any of the other American forms. The types 
were received from Prof. Snow under the name of . americana, and it 
may probably be in other collections under that label. 


Nola hyemalis. Qj. Head and palpi whitish, palpi darker beneath. Ab- 
domen pale. Body beneath, and legs darker. Primaries very pale gray, resulting 
from a sprinkling of minute brown dots on a white ground, somewhat darker towards 
the outer margin and apex. Costa with a dark brown streak at the base, and’ wings 
crossed with three indistinct lines made up of dots. Basal line most distinct, at one 
third from the base, oblique, straight, parallel with the outer margin, with a distinct 
brown dot near the costa, made up of tufted scales. The second line is slightly beyond 
the middle, parallel with outer margin for half its length, then rounding rapidly to 
the costa. The third line originates near the anal angle, is parallel with the second, 
and leaves the terminal space broadest on the costa. Each of these lines is followed 
outwardly by a very narrow white shade, and the tip of the wing is faintly striped, 
owing to the varying depth of color of the veins and interspaces. Fringes long, dark- 
er than the wing, and distinctly separated therefrom by a very narrow pale line, 

Secondaries very pale, shaded with darker tints at the apex. Fringes very long, 
concolorous. Beneath, immaculaie, primaries darkest. 


Expanse of wings o 80 inch, Had. Crystal Springs, San Mateo 
County, (Hy. Edwards); Alameda County, Calif. (Behr). 

Does not appear to be uncommon in March and April on fences 
and at light. 


Cisthene plumbea. Head and thorax lead color. Abdomen bright red above, 
dusky beneath. Primaries lustrous drab or lead color, with a somewhat triangular 
whitish spot on the inner margin, two thirds from the base. Secondaries clear pink, 
with a broad costal lead colored margin, which is continued along the outer margin, 
decreasing in width to the anal angle. Beneath as above, but somewhat paler. 


iy 


_.Expanse of wings 0.85 inch. ad. Texas, Belfrage. 
Similar to w#zfascra, but of a darker and different tint and fewer 
pale markings. 

Cisthene lactea. Eyes black. Antenne brown. Palpi black. Tongue as 
long as the body. Entire insect otherwise white above and on the body parts, the 
underside of the wings being smoky, especially the primaries, on the latter are usually 
six small black spots, three on the costa, equally spaccd; one just outside the discal 
cell, and two in the space below the median vein, one of them being near the base, 
and the other near the outer margin, 

Expanse of wings.o.70 inch. Had. Providence Mountain, Bernar— 
dino County, California. 

This species may not strictly belong to Czsihene but the material is 
too scant to allow of dissection. 

Crocata Belfragei. Eyes black. Head, palpi, collar, thorax and primaries, 
concolorous, clear yellowish brown. Secondaries reddish, with a moderately wide, 
outer, blackish border. Fringes red. Beneath reddish on all wings, as are the 
underside of palpi and abdomen; the latter above, dull orange, with a dorsal and 
lateral series of black spots. Legs somewhat dusky. 

Expanse of wings 0.85 inch. Had. Texas, Belfrage. 
. . . . . 4 
Intermediate in size between rudiwundaria and costata, and very 
different from either in color and shape of the primaries, which are square 
at the tips, the inner margin being much longer proportionally, and the 
outer margin less oblique than in either of the species mentioned. 

Crocota costata. Eyes black, head reddish, palpi same with dusky tips. 
Thorax pale stone color, collar very narrowly edged with red. Abdomen pale red. 
Underparts reddish; outside of legs dusky. Primaries pale stone color, dusted with 
red scales, which are most conspicuous along the costa and on the discal vein. Sec- 
ondaries pale reddish, of the tint of red-lead. Beneath, all wings pale reddish, not so 
dark as secondaries above. 

Expanse of wings 1.10 inch. Had. Texas, Belfrage. 

Allied to ruéicundaria, but larger; with the primaries and thorax of 
a very different color; the primaries are long and comparatively narrow, 
with the outer margin very oblique. 

Crocata obscura. Pale fawn color to smoky brown; when of the latter color, 
the entire insect is concolorous, except the eyes which are black, and the costa of the 
primaries beneath which is enclosed to red. The same is the case when entirely fawn 


color, Sometimes the primaries are fawn color and the secondaries smoky, in which 
case the head, thorax and abdomen are the color of the primaries. 


Expanse of wings 1.05 inch. Had. Pennsylvania, Strecker; New 
Hampshire, Fernald. 

This insect has been sent to me under the name of /errugznosa, 
Walker, and is so described by Packard in his monograph of the Bom- 
bycidze, but this cannot be as ferruginosa has a discal dot on the sec- 
ondaries like drewcornis. 


—104— 


Callimorpha reversa. <Q. Head and prothorax ochre yellow. Palpi ochre 
yellow, black at the tips. Patagia white. Thorax white, with a broad central brown 
stripe. Abdomen white, with traces of a narrow dorsal stripe. Legs yellowish, coxze 
of anterior pair with a round black dot; outer edges of anterior and muddle pair 
dusky. Primaries silky white; inner margin, costa, and outer margin rather broadly 
edged with dark brown, interrupted at the apex. A brown band crosses the wing 
from the anal angle to the costa, about two-fifths from the base; from the centre of 
this band, a second brown band runs to the outer margin just below the apex, divid- 
ing the wing into three prineipal white patches, The basal patch is triangular (some- 
times divided by a narrow basal brown band). ‘That on the outer margin is more or 
less ovate, and is frequently divided near the apex by the brown nervules into three 
sub-equal spots; and the costal patch is more or less clearly divided into three sub- 
equal spots, by an expansion on the discal vein of the brown costal margin, and by 
toothed enlargements of the brown markings, between the discal vein and apex. Sec- 
ondaries clear white, immaculate. Beneath as above, but the markings are more ob- 
scure, and the costa of all the wings is tinged with yeilow ochre. 

Expanse of wings 1.50 to 1.90 inch! Aad, Canada, Saunders; New 
York, Hy. Edwards; Kansas, Prof. Snow. 

This species has long been confounded with Zecon/ez, Harris and 
Doubleday discussed the question of their specific identity, and Canadian 
Entomologists have long contended that two species were included un- 
der the latter name, but so far as 1 know without pointing out the most 
recognizable character, which is to be found in the main transverse band 
of the primaries. In Zecon/ez, this starts from the inner margin and goes 
to the apex, while in veversa, it starts from the outer margin and goes to 
the anal angle, being exactly as in Clymene, Just as is often the case in 
the latter species, the transverse band is sometimes partly absolete near 


to the costa, and this seems to be the chief variation. 

Arctia approximata. ©. Head and palpi black beneath, front and vertex 
pale. Thorax cream color; prothorax with two black spots, thorax with three black 
stripes. Abdomen red above, with dorsal series of black spots; tip and underside 
black. Legs black touched with cream color. Primaries velvety black, with all the 
margins, the nerves and nervules, terminal W, terminal transverse band on which 
the W rests, and longitudinal streak, dark cream color. ‘The terminal band is in- 
complete, wanting the portion between the subcostal and median veins. A small 
pale dot aboye the origin of the first median vein, is all that remains of the median 
band. No basal or sub-basal bands. Secondaries clear red, yellowish round the 
black spots, which consist of the discal spot of the median row, all four of the sub- 
marginal row, and the two apical spots of the marginal series, which are fused to- 
gether round the apex. No basals clouds. Beneath as above, but colors more 
diffused. 

Expanse of wings 1.45 inch.. length of body 0.52 inch. Had. 
Canada, Hy. Edwards, 

A small species close to Saunders, of which it may be only a 
variety. The pattern of the primaries resembles no other species. The 


secondaries are like Saundersii and inlermedia. Described from 1 Q, 


sent me by Henry Edwards, who states that he has another identically 
the same. 


Arctia obliterata. ({. Head beneath and palpi black; above pale yellowish, 
with black spot between the antennze. Thorax pale yellowish, with two prothoracic 
and three thoracic stripes. Abdomen black above, yellow ochre along the sides, with 
black lateral spots; beneath whitish with two rows of black spots. Legs black; 
femora of the anterior pair touched with ochre; outside of all the tibize whitish. 
Primaries dark blackish brown; costa, fringes and inner margin, narrowly pale 
yellow, as well as the veins, longitudinal stripe, terminal W, and costal half of the 
terminal band, this being all that is left of the transverse bands except traces of the 
median. Secondaries dull red with black spots, the marginal and submarginal rows 
being all present and of good size. There are faint traces of all the row of median 
spots, but the discal one is the only one conspicuous. Base unclouded. Apical spots 
slightly fused into a narrow apical border. Beneath, as above, but the colors paler 
and more diffuse. 


Expanse of wings 1.30 inch, /aé. (?) 


Described from 1 J‘ in only fair condition, sent me many years 
ago by W.H. Edwards, Esq. After seeing all the other American 
Arctians I can refer it tonone. The ornamentation of the primaries 
places it in the Quenselit, gelida group, characterized by the presence of 
only the costal half of the termina] band, which imparts to them a very 
distinct character. Od/iterata is however the only one in which the sec- 
ondaries are spotted, and also the only one in which they are red. 


Arctia elongata. ©. Head and palpi black, front very narrowly margined 
with pale yellowish white. Thorax the same color, with two prothoracic and three 
thoracic stripes which occupy nearly the entire surface. Abdomen above yellow- 
ochre, last segment whitish; terminal hairs, two lateral rows of spots, and a moder- 
ately broad dorsal stripe, black. Thorax and abdomen beneath, black, with a few 
pale marks on the edges of the segments of the latter. Legs imperfect in my speci- 
men. Primaries black, markings pale yellowish white. These consist of a narrow 
costal border not reaching beyond the median band; a similar border to the inner 
margin and the fringes; the median vein very narrowly as far as the terminal band; 
the longitudinal streak, terminal W, terminal and median bands both extending from 
costa to beyond the longitudinal streak, and traces on the costa of a sub-basal band. 
Secondaries clear ochre-yellow, with black spots. All four spots of the marginal and 
sub-marginal rows are present, the costal spot of the former, and the three apical 
spots of the latter row, being fused into a narrow apical margin. All three spots of 
the median row present, the inner one being connected with the base by a black streak. 
Fringes yellow. Beneath, similar to the upper surface, but colors less pronounced. 


Expanse of wings 1.55 inch. Had. Spokane Falls, Washington 
Territory. 

Described from one female in good preservation except the legs and 
antennz. Collected by Mr. Ricksecker and presented to me by Mr. 
Rivers of Oakland, California. The species is very distinct. In shape 


= .ou— 


it approaches nearest to Dahurica, the wings being rather narrow, with 
the outer margin oblique, and apex acute. If the veins were all pale, 
it would somewhat resemble the yellow forms of achaza in color, but not 
in shape. 

Euchetes murina. <Q: Eyes dark brown, Head and thorax clear stone 
color, with a pink shade in the suture between them. Palpi dusky, a few pink hairs 
at their base. Abdomen above reddish, with a dorsal row of small black dots. Be- 
neath stone color, as are the legs, the fore coxee of the latter shaded with pink. All 
the wings pale stone color, above and below. Fringes and extreme costa paler, 

Expanse of wings 1.25 inch. Had. Tucson, Ariz. 
Not uncommon at light in August. In form it is near eg/e, but 


smaller, and differs from it in having pale costa and red abdomen. 

Euchetes Bolteri. ©. Palpi, eyes and antennz dull black. Thorax white 
above, with a fine red line on the front of the prothorax. Thorax below slate color 
with a red patch centrally. Legs dark gray; coxze of anterior pair red; base of the 
femora white, Abdomen bright orange above, dull white beneath, with a white anal _ 
tuft, a dorsal series of black dots as well as a lateral series. Primaries dull white, 
slightly tinted on the outer half with irregular markings of light stone-drab color. 
These markings vary in depth of color in different specimens, and extent; in one 
specimen they are so close that only fine white points of the ground color of the wing 
show between them. Secondaries pale slate color. Beneath, all the wings are uni- 
form pale stone-color. 


Expanse of wings 1.40 inch. » Had. Texas, A. Bolter. 

The above description was kindly furnished me by .Mr. Bolter, 
drawn up from the three females in his possession. ‘The species is very 
distinct, being close to eegans, but differing in color of abdomen and 
tint of wings. 


Halesidota scapularis. J. Eyes black. Head pale fawn color. Antennz 
stout, long, rufous. Prothorax dirty white, with brown median line. Patagia like 
prothorax, brown in front. Thorax brown, with triangular white spot in front. Ab- 
domen dark yellow ochre above, banded below with brown and pale fawn color. 
Primaries dark brown with six irregular bands of white spots. The first basal and 
narrow, the spots fused into an irregular curved band. The second row consists of a 
large irregular spot below the median vein, and a long costal spot divided by the sub- 
costal vein. The third row has a similar costal spot, a small one below the median 
vein, and a large One above and a small one below the submedian vein. The fourth 
row has five spots, the middle one very small. The fifth row is submarginal, and 
consists of eight lunate spots decreasing in size towards the costa where they also be- 
come more ovate. The sixth row is marginal, triangular, a small spot at the end of 
each of the nervules, Secondaries very pale fawn-white, with four darker submarg- 
inal spots, those near the apex largest. ©. Similar to <¥', but the head brown, the 
spots on the primaries larger and slightly more irregular, and but two spots on the 
secondaries, the largest near the apex. Beneath, the secondaries show a dusky shade 
at the middle of the costa, irregularly connected with the apical spot. 


Expanse of wings (! 2.00, Q 2.30 inches, Mads. New Mexico, 
A, Bolter. . 





—107— 


Allied to Sobrina, Zngens and Argentafa, but distinguished from all 
these by the thoracic parts. 


DESIDERATA. 
Eudryas Ste Johannis, Walker. Alexicles aspersa, Grote. 
* Ctenucha Robinsonii, Boisd. |Spilosoma antigone, Strecker. 
- Lycomorpha Palmerii, Packard. ‘Ectypia bivittata, Clemens, 
- Penthetria majuscula, Hy. Edwards. ‘Leucarctia permaculata, Packard. 
es parvula, Hy. Edwards. Halesidota Davisii, Hy. Edwards. 
Nola anfracta, H. Edwards. “S mixta, Neumoegen. 
Hypoprepia inculta, H. Edwards. ce minima, Neumoegen. 
Cisthene tenuifascia, Harvey. 6 cinnamomea, Boisduval. 
Eulithos'a thoracica, H. Edwards. oe macularia, Walker. 
“ composita, H. Edwards. Euhalesidota pura, Grote. 
Nemeophila Scudderi, Packard. Vanessodes fuscipes. 
ee Geddesii, Neumoegen. Eucheetes inopinatus, Hy. Edwards. 





Of these desiderata, Eudryas Sie Johannis is in the British Museum; 
the types of Z. Palmerti and Leucarctia permaculata, as well as Ectypia 
bwittafa appear to be hopelessly lost; Crenucha Robinsonit and Halesidota 
cinnamomea appear to exist only in the Boisduval collection in France; 
Halesuiola macularia iS in the British Museum, but apparently not 
known in the United States; and lastly Wemeophila Skudderi ( Platarctia, 
Packard) is Memeophila Selwyn, H. Edwards, and may be in collections 


under that name. 


NOTE ON SANDALUS,. 


Sandalus has always been rather an uncommon insect near N.Y. 
while Mr. H. W. Wenzel of Philadelphia has found it commonly enough; 
he writes: ‘‘In regard to finding Sandalus petrophya, you inform me that 
the insect is rare in the neighborhood of New York. I think if it is 
sought for in the right season and locality it might be found as frequent- 
ly as I find it near Philadelphia. I do not think Sandalus is a local in- 
sect, as I have found it in several] places, not before the end of June, and 
the most of them I have captured in the middle of July, and always on 
Beech, crawling on the bark or sheltered along the roots of the tree. 
Their movements are very slow. 1 have frequently observed them with 
head and thorax covered with dirt; have also found them half out of the 
ground, but only in the morning. The females are found more frequent 
than the males. So far as my experience goes, the larvz evidently live 
on Beech. The new classification refers to Sanda/us as affecting various 
cedars; I have collected in several cedar districts through Southern New 
Jersey but never met with a single specimen on cedar, and wherever I 
have found them, there was no cedar in the vicinity.” 


—108 — 


Synonymical Notes. (No. 3.) 
By Gerorce H. Horn, M. D. 


During a visit made a short time ago to the Museum at Cambridge, 
I had an opportunity to examine the types of the species described by 
Lieut. T. L. Casey, now the property of the Museum. 


The proposed publication of a new list of the Coleoptera of our 
fauna rendered it advisable to go carefully over the writings of those who 
have specially treated the species of our fauna. With this view the de- 
scriptions of Kirby, Leconte, Randall, Newman and Palisot de Beauvois 
have been as far as possible re-studied, and those of Melsheimer, Halde- 
man and Ziegler are in progress. 


In the following pages especial attention has been given to the 
species described in an isolated manner, those treated synoptically such 
as the Euplecti, Euzesthetus and Steni have been left for future study. 

The remarks which follow are based on a comparison of the species 
with those of the cabinet of Dr. Leconte, now part of the Museum at 
Cambridge. 

A few of the species mentioned below have been described in the 
Brooklyn Bulletin and are so quoted, the others are in pamphlets pri- 
vately printed, entitled “Contributions to the systematic and descriptive 
Coleopterology of the United States”, parts t and 2, (the paging being 
continuous, ) and ‘‘Revision of the Stenini of America North of Mexico”. 


Pterostichus zephyrus, I, p. 2 = P. adoxus Say, var. rejectus, Lec. 
g¢ osculans, id. = P. diligendus Chd. 
es manhattanis, 2, p. 72 = P. lucublandus Say. 
Amara apachensis, I, p. 3 = A. remotestriata Dej., var. relucens Mann, 
** marylandica, I, p. 4 = A. basillaris Say. 
«¢ pallida, 1, p. 5 = A. rubrica Hald. 


‘¢  ferruginea, 1, p. 5 = A. rubrica var. 

Bembidium vernula, 2, p. 62 = B. constrictum Lec. typical! 
s acticola, 2, p. 63 = id. slight variety. 
oe militare, 2, p. 65 = B. picipes Kby. 
ce vividum, 2, p. 66 = B. contractum Say. 
sé dejectum, 2, p. 67 = (}). 
eS vinnulum, I, p. 15 = (2). 


Tachys occultator, 2, p. 69 is allied to pallidus and mordax. 
‘¢ litoralis, 1, p. 15 = T. pallidus Chd. 
Barytachys glossema, 2, p. 70 = T. granarius Dej. 
ES gemellus, 2, p. 71 (3). 
Discoderus pinguis, 2, p. 75 = D. robustus Horn (4). 
Cratacanthus litoreus, 2, p. 74 C. dubius Beauv. 
ne bisectus, 2, p. 75 id. 
3G texanus, 2, p. 75 id. 


# 
“3 


Shae 


Bradycellus lucidus, 1, p. 8 (5). 
Stenolophus gracilis, 1, p. 14 = S. ochropezus Say. 
ce scitulus, 2, p. 78 = S. conjunctus Say, var. rotundatus Lec. 
Harpalus opacus, 1, p. 8 = Anisodactylus nigerrimus De). 
ss manhattanis, I, p. 9 = Xestonotus lugubris De). 
oe vespertinus, I, p. 10 (6). 
o placidus, I, p. 10 = H. fallax Lec. 


. convictor, I, p. 12 = H. viridizeneus Beauv. 

ce canonicus, I, p. 12 = id. 

$< lustralis, I, p. 12 = id. 

os SsHESCeNS ahs Pah y— id, 
Selenophorus zeneopiceus, I, p. 13 = S. pedicularius De). 

es perpolitus, 2, p. 76 = gagatinus Dej, var. 

Anisodactylus arizone, I, p. 6 (7). 
Bidessus nigrinus, 2, p, 80 = B. affinis Say, var. obsewrellus Lec. 
Helephorus pallens, 2, p. 81 = H. lineatus Say. 
Philhydrus angustulus 2, p. 83 = P. reflexipennis Zimm. 


Colon decoris, 2, p. 84 = C. thoracicum Horn. 
Eumicrus vestalis, 2, p. 85, a valid species. 

$s punctatus, 2, p. 86 = Cholerus Zimmermanni Sehaum. 
Tychus testaceus, I, p. 31 = T. longipalpus Lec., fide Lec. 


Bryaxis facilis. 2, p. 87, near to B. rubicunda Aube. 


SECA CHIS mip 3 2s, aide id. 
. . . . s 
«* inopia, I, p. 33, very near B. puncticollis Lec. 
Batrisus denticollis, 2, p. 87 = near B. nigricans Lee. 


«¢ _-virginiz, 2, p. 90, allied to B. striatus Lec. 
‘« _ aterrimus, 2, p. 91, near B. spretus Lee. and B. striatus Lee. 
Arthmius gracilior, 2, p. $8 (§). 
Euplectini (species) (9). 
Tithanis, new genus = Maseochara Sharp. 
Emplenota maritima, I, p. 17 is Polystoma maritimum, 
Quedius silvicola, 2, p. 123 = Q. fulgidus Fab. var. 


Belonuchus moquinus, 2, p. 125 == Belonuchus xanthomelas Solsky, (10). 
Xantholinus fucosus, 2, p. 126 = X. emmesus Grav. var. fusciceps Fv. 
Cryptobium capito, 2, p. 127 = C. pallipes Grav. 

< convergens, 2, p. 129 = C. floridanum Lec. 

Ss parallelum, 2, p. 130 id. 

se proximum, 2, p. 132 id. 


Lathrobium tricolor, 2, p, 133 = L. ventrale Lec. 
oe inops, 2, p. 135 = L. othioides Lee. 
Orus picipes, 2, p. 136 == Scopezeus picipes. 

*< punctatus, 2. p. 138 = Scopzeus punctatus (}}). 
Stilicus latiusculus, 2, p. 139, a valid species, 
Lithocharis tabacina, B. B. VI, p. 65, a valid species. 
Edaphus carinatus, I, p. 30 = E. nitidus Lec. 


se luculentus, I, p. 31 id. 
Euesthetus (species) 1, p. 19 (12). 
Erchomus flavidus, 2, p. 141 = E. ventriculus Hr. immature. 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. LG 


ie 


Conurus versicolor, 2, p. 142 == C. crassum Grav. immature. 

es imbricatus, 2, p. 143 == C. pubescens Payk. 
ee occultus, 2, p. 145 == C. basale Say. 

ee corticola, 2, p. 145 == C. opicum Say. 

a setifer, 2, p. 147 = id. 
Bolitobius facilis, 2, p. 148 = B. trinotatus Hr. cab. Lec. 

ne occiduus, 2, p. 150 = B. cincticollis Say. 

3ryoporus parvulus, 2, p. 151 = B. rufescens Lec. var. testaceus Lec. 
Mycetoporus inquisitus, 2, p. 152 = M. splendidus Grav. 
Apocellus (species) 2, p- 153 (12). 
Ptilium fungicola, 2, p. 162 = P. Hornianum Matih. 


eee truncatumss2.5p. 108) :(13). 

Trichopteryx radicola, 2, p. 163 (14). 

cc funginus, 2, p. 164 = T. discolor Haid. 

ss longipennis, 2, p. 166 = T. parallela Mots. 
Cryptamorpha Hubbardi, 2, p. 167 = Psammeecus Desjardins Guer. (1). 
Carpophilus zuni, I, p. 34, a valid species. 
Epureea papagona, J, p. 35, allied to E. rufida Mels 
Rhizophagus procerus, 2, p. 168, a valid species. 
Monocrepidius finitimus, 2, p. 169 = M. auritus Hbst. 
Drasterius fretus, 2, p. 170 = D. amabilis Lee. 


Anthaxia nanula, 2, p. 174 = D. eneogaster L. et G. 
5S simiola, 2, p. 175 = id. 
cs eenescens, 2, p. 175 = id. 


Lyctus parvulus, 2, p. 175 = L. opaculus Lee. 
Ennearthron californicum, t, p. 36, a valid species. 

a unicolor, I, p. 37 = E. Mellyi Mellie. 
Serica parallela, 2, p. 176 = S. sericea Illig. immature. 

**  porcula, 2, p. 177 = S. elongatula Horn. 

Diplotaxis levicula, 2, p. 178 = D. punctata Lee. 

cf popino, 2, p. 179, a valid species. 
Strigoderma pimalis, 2, p. 181 = S. arboricola Fwb. (16). 
Lachnosterna subpruinosa, 1, p. 38 (17). 
Cryptocephalus ellipsoidalis, B. B, VI, p. 66 = C, insertus Hald. 
Disonycha pulchra, I, p, 51 = D. punctigera Lee. 


ss procera, 2, p. 182 = D. pensylvanica TIllig. 

ct arizone, I, p. 52 = near maritima Mann. 
Cheetocnema paupercula, I, p. 53 = C. parcepunctata (Cr. immature. 
Psylliodes extricata, I, p. 54 = punctulata Mels. very immature. 

gc angustata, I, p. 55 = P. interstitialis Lec. var. convexior Lec. 


Bruchus cubiculus, 2, p. 183 = B. impiger Horn Q. 
Epitzagus ovalis, 2, p. 184 (18). 


Eurymetopon piceum, I, p. 40 = E. emarginatum Cas. inumature. 
es emarginatum, I, p. 41 (20). 
o dubium, I, p. 44 (19). 
ut carbonatum, I, p. 43, is the ¢' of dubium (21). 
cs sculptile, I, p. 44 = E. emarginatum Cas. 
es papagonum, I, p. 42 = id. (22). 


Emmenastus nanulus, I, p. 45, nearly related to obesus Lec. 


= 


—IT lI 


Con ontis enpticas I, p. 46 (23). 
Eleodes arcuata, 1, p. 47 = E. extricata Suy (24) 


blapstinus pimalis, 2, p. 185 = B, pulverulentus Mann. 
Platydema pernigrum, I, p. 49 (25). 
ce parvulum, I, p. 50 = P.excavatum Say. 
se opaculum, I, p. 51 = P. ruficorne Sturm, var. anale Hald. 


Mordella deserta, 2, p. 186 == M. lunulata Helm. var. 

Xylophilus densus, 2, p. 187, allied to piceus Lec. 

Notoxus delicatus, 2, p. 189 = N. monodon Fab, var. Pilatei Laf. 
Anthicus facilis, 2, p. 190 = A. spretus Lee. 

Rhynchites naso, 2, p. 190 (26). 

Anthonomus moleculus, 2, p. 191, a valid species. 


Elleschus californicus, 2, p 193 = E. ephippiatus Say. 
Tyloderma mgrum, I, p. 56 = T. zreum Say. 
* punctatum, I, p. 57 = id. 


Apion vespertinum, B. B. VI, p. 67, a valid species. 
brachytarsus paululus, 2, p. 194 = B. tomentosus Say ¢¥’. 


The following new genera of Carabidz have been proposed: 


Amerinus for Bradycellus hneuris Lec. In the first description 
(1, p. 7) no distinctive generic characters are given. In fact there are 
none if we except the presence of a few squamules on the middle mal 
tarsi. The new name is unnecessary, 


Grycerius for Bradycellus nitidus Dej. ‘The character given being 
the number of setz along the lateral margin of the thorax. The value 
of this will be recognized by those having some knowledge of the Cara- 
bide. The name is also unnecessary. 


1—Lemlidium dejectum Casey. This species belongs to that series of 
the Peryphus group in which the dorsal punctures are at the middle 
of the third interval, it should therefore be placed with ephippiger 
and grandicolle (Lec. Proc. Acad. 1857, p. 4). 


2—Bembidium vinnulum Casey. Should be placed in the series with 
Scopulinum and picipes, It is remarkable in the large and deep 
punctures of the striz. 

3—Barytachys gemellus, Casey. Closely related to zmcurvus and differs 
in the absence of punctures in the basal stria of the thorax, 

4—The difference in the measurement of the episternum of the meta- 
sternum between Mr. Casey and myself results from the fact that I 
compare the anterior side with the internal edge while Mr. Casey 
measures the piece really diagonally. 

5—This species must at present remain in Bradycellus but the middle 


tarsi being as widely dilated as the anterior mark it as a very peculi- 
ar species. 


——te ie 


6—Harpalus vespertinus Casey. Allied to and very closely resembling 
ellipsis Lec. and differs in having the elytra very smooth in both 
sexes. 

7—Anisodactylus arizone Casey. Belongs to that series in which the 
anterior tibial spur is broader at middle and the hind tarsi shorter 
and somewhat depressed. It belongs to the group B-b as defined 
by me (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1880, p. 172) and is related to 
niwalis by the single puncture at each angle of the epistoma. In 
form it resembles semzpuncfaius. It is very black and_ shining (the 
female slightly opaque) the surface sometimes with a slight purplish 





lustre. 


8—This form is placed by Leconte with glodicollis. 1 find differences 
in the form of the sexual fovea in all the males examined. 


g—As the genera and species are treated systematically the value of the 
species will be determined in time. , It is however the opinion of 
Mr. Ulke, to which Dr. Leconte assented, that Micotheus tibialis is 
the male of Hulyphlus similis Lec. « 


10—This species is considered a Philonthus by Dr. Sharp. It is not in- 
cluded in my synopsis as I thought and still think that it should 
either remain in Belonuchus or that the latter should be entirely 
united with Philonthus, 


11—Orus does not differ from Scopaeus. The antennze are mof genicu- 
late. O. pictpes is very close to Scopaeus exiguus Zr. O. punctatus 
is from Owens Valley, Cal., the type was formerly one of two in my 
cabinet, it is very close to Sc. brunnipes. 


12—These are treated synoptically and the value of the species can be 
determined by any one having the material. 
13—The generic reference seems doubtful. I was unable from lack of 
time to dismount the specimen for study. 


14—Of this species I saw the elytra only and could not satisfactorily 
determine. 

15—There is no difference between the specimens from Florida and 
those from Oregon, Madeira, Mauritius and New Zealand. 


16—The comparisons made by Mr. Casey are between specimens from 
New Jersey and Arizona, he having none from the intermediate 


regions. 


17—The important characters which define the position of this species | 


have been omitted. It is however allied to mzcans, 


© 


18—Fpitragus ovalis is extremely close to plumbeus and very doubtfully 
different. 


19 —Lurymetopon dubium, In the types of this the thorax isa little 
more coarsely and not quite so closely punctate as in rufipes and 
the sides of the thorax slightly sinuate near the hind angles. Ina 
large series before me (21 specimens) these characters are evanescent. 


20—E£’ emargina/um is also allied to rufipes but is more elongate, some- 
what convex and with the elytra less densely and somewhat 
substriately punctate. 


21—E£\ carbonatum. ‘The typical series of this species consisted of five 
specimens. ‘That to which the label was attached is emargimatum, 
the other four are males of dudium. Supposing the majority to re— 
present the species the synonymy is placed accordingly. 


22—The differences between the forms united as emarginatum are purely 
individual. 


23—The species of Coniontis are with our present knowledge purely 
opinionative. I preferred to cohsider the forms described as C. 
elliptica as smaller forms of roéus/a in view of the recognized varia— 
tion in Lschscholtzi and viatica. There is almost unlimited op- 
portunity for new names in this genus. 


24—There can be no doubt in the mind of any one who will examine 
a large series of extricata that cogna/a Hald. is merely a variety and 
that arcuatfa Casey is the female of cognada. 

- 25—Platydema pernigrum has the form of Fanus Fab. but with a more 

shining surface and more distinct sculpture. The color differences 

alluded to by Mr. Casey are inexact. 


26—Rhynchitis naso is allied to fossifrons but the thorax is more densely 
punctured: the striae are also more coarsely punctured. 


Among the Steni the following synonymy has been observed: 


Dianous chalybeus Lec. = cerulescens (yll. A j' specimen of the latter obtained 
by me in Scotland has been returned to me by Mr. Casey as chalybeus. 


D, zephyrus Casey = nitidulus Lee, 


Areus Casey = Hemistenus Mots. The genusis not considered a valid one. 


ee 8 to 


We call attention to our page of ‘‘Exchange” Notices. Those having good 
species to offer or desiring a particular line of insects, cannot do better than to avail 
themselves of its advantages. 


—I1I14— 


On the Classificaticn of North American Diptera. 
(Third Paper. )* 
By Dr. S. W. Wittiston. 


“The families Stratiomyide, Tabanide, Xylophagide, Acanthome- 
ridae and Leptidz form a natural group, which has several characters in 
common: three pulvilli, total absence of macrochetz, and smooth legs, 
deprived of those bristles and spines that distinguish the Asilidg, and, in 
a lesser degree, most of the Bombylide and Therevide. ” 


‘“‘The principal families in this group are well marked enough, but 
there are, along side of them, many forms of transition, so-called synthetic 
types, which render the exact difinition of the families very difficult.-— 
Osten Sacken** 


Three or four of these synthetic genera are peculiar to, or occur in, 
North America. These are: Arthropeas Loew, Glutops Burgess, and 
‘Nov. Gen.” Osten-Sacken (to include Arthropeas leptis O.-S, and an un- 
described species fiom Washington Territory). Of Bolbomyia Loew, not 
enough is known to base any definite opinion—its author was in doubt 
about it himself. Dr. Brauer, in his recent extensive review*** of the 
genera of Xylophagide and Stratiomyidz, would place them under the 
Xylophagidz. Baron Osten-Sacken, on the other hand, would locate 
them under the Leptidz. I know but one species, pertaining to the new 
genus; its general habitus is so markedly Leptid, that I would agree 
with Osten-Sacken that the structure of the antennze should hold a sub— 
ordinate value. The larve possibly, when found, may give more decisive 
evidence. Széula, another disputed form, Brauer retained in the Xylo— 
phagidee, but pointed out larval relationships with the Stratiomyide; 
Osten-Sacken gave reasons (l.c.) for including this genus under the Stra- 
tiomyide, a view which Brauer afterwards accepted. f ; 

With these changes, however, I am utterly at loss to find characters 
that will distinguish these families, and Iam here compelled to give an 
artificial analysis to separate the disputed forms. 


The veins separating the posterior cells are here spoken of simply as 
posterior veins. In the distribution of the groups I follow Brauer chiefly. 








* See ante p. 10 for second paper. 
** Berlin. Ent. Zeit., Band XXVI, 1882. p. 363. 


*** Denkschr. d. math.-naturw. Classe d. kais. Akad. d. Wissenschaften, Band 
XLIV, pp. 59—1I10, 


t Denkschr. etc. Band XLVII, p. 23. 


- The writings of Loew, Schiner, Gerstaicker, Osten-Sacken and Brauer 
have’been especially studied in the preparation of this paper. 


: Empodium developed pulvilliform, pulvilli present. Without distinct bristles 

(diptera eremocheta O.S.). Basal cells of wings large. Third joint of antennee seg- 
mentated or annulated. Tequlee small or rudimentary. Proboscis not adapted for 
piercing. Males holoptie or dichoptic*. 


1.—Tibiz wholly without spurs; veins usually crowded anteriorly......,..... 
STRATIOMYIDAE. 

Tibize more or less spurred; the costal vein encompasses the whole wing; two 
sub-marginal and five posterior cells always present............ Aone reeks 2 
Pee themtl Dice ewiL MS) UNSpayaresebeyshaie a=, ) 5 «,c.0! ce are Meer enerehs nl se eiencysrel are rie cel 3 
Ont tib ice wALOUlySPUUSEacilojsts s)o.4)0> o)s'.'\ o's: sereheretemteeta eter oo siete : Set ee 


3.—Third joint of antennz not acute at tip, or, ifso, the scutellum with spines on 
HESHOOUG Cleeve corainin letersi pau efor st Shave < oceve’soieeveteten verse XYLOPHAGIDAE. 
Third joint®acute; palpi cylindrical; scutellum without spines..*Arthropeas, Lw. 


4. Fourth posterior cell closed. (Macroceromys Bigot)........... ie .Subula, Meig. 

MOM POStELION CEMUOPEN els / x08. Sek. |... 15 uate oe shee ols ore ne As 5 

5.—Face projecting on each side into a rounded conical protuberance, thickly cover- 

ediivithy hain me .))s aerate Mev oe S's aor oo RRR eS *Glutops, Burgess. 

Face with two deep, diverging furrows, running from the base of the antennz to 

Ghexorale na aN oa Marte tyareras icles Felste.<) < «ia'ct~ a/0l a Rate RTE “Nov. gen.” O.S. 
XYLOPHACIDAE, 


Species of moderate or large size, more or less elongated, thinly 
pilose, or nearly bare. Ocelli present. Antenne elongate, third joint 
annulated or segmentated, never with a differentiated style or bristle. 
Veins of the wings distinct, not crowded anteriorly, third longitudinal 
vein furcate; five posterior cells. Abdomen with seven or eight visible 
segments. All the tibize with spurs at the tip. 

The flies are usually found about trees, where they feed upon sap, 
or about decaying logs, and are often mistaken for ichneumonids. 


1.--All four posterior veins arise from the discal cell; head small; scutellum with 


SPU Esmee ta rs crersy SAT INRIA cle. cial s < ands np ....Ccenomyia, Latr. 
The last posterior vein arises from the second basal cell; head not small; scutel- 
Hugash Vat nO DIAG ote onc G6 ace HSER Coco CO DHAGEO RACE LOND e Uc 2 


2. Fourth posterior cell closed; third joint of antennze much elongate, composed of 
numerous distinct divisions, often pectinate; eyes emarginate near the antennze 
Rhachicerus, Hal. 

Fourth posterior cell open; third joint of antennze composed of eight annuli, in- 
AISNE VESe PAL ALE sya ssteisleisisds ohais 2-10 «:2 s+ ote apeeeene tenet tice Xylophagus, Meig. 


* I propose this term as the antithesis of holoptic. ; ° 


—=— no 


STRATIOMYIDAE. 


Head large, hemispherical. Antennze situated at or below the 
middle of the head in profile, short or elongate, the third joint composed 
of more or less distinct annuli; usually with a more or less differentiated 
style, or bristle. Eyes bare or pilose; ocelli present, Scutellum - often 
with thickened spine-like points. Abdomen elongate, clavate, oval, or 
rounded, flattened or convex above, of five or more visible segments. 
Legs never very stout, often slender, tibize without spurs (except in some 
exotic genera). Wings usually with the veins more or less crowded an- 
teriorly, often on the outer posterior part weak and faint; third longitud- 
inal vein usually furcate, terminating before the tip of the wing; four or 
five posterior cells, all open, the posterior veins not seldom more or less 
rudimentary. 2 


Species from three or four to twenty or more millimeters in length, 
bare or moderate pilose. They are mostly flower-flies, and are often found 
upon vegetation in the vicinity of damp places. ' Larvae pupigerous, that 
is the pupze remain within the larval skin till ready to emerge as perfect 
insects. 


i Abdomen with Seven Visible SCOMentSe ge)cj< + «cl sla eels See Beridine. 
Abdomen! with’ only: five or sixwisible segments’... 4... 42225) 4. + 5+ meen 2 
22 NHYee;postemor veins, all. discaliyaemepiert.. occ ++ select Pachygastrine. 
Four posterior veins, the anterior ones sometimes rudimentary.............. 3 


3.—All the posterior veins discal, the last posterior cell contiguous at its base with 


the discal cell... <...5::22 ae or chee. «iver aa spas A ee nee eee 4 
The last posterior vein arises from the second basal cell, the last posterior cell not 
contiguous) at its; base with thermdiscalscelllS...< . 2 sae ei eect seer 5 


4.—Third antennal joint with a long, delicately fringed, lamelli form style; usually 
large, more or less elongated species; males dichoptic. (Hermetiine.)....... 

Hermetia, Latr. 

Third joint not with such a style; abdomen short, not more than twice as long 


ASHIEGAG ae tye c:o'<!<'s\- 2's Se ee ReIRIRIE |» < om a ’o)s.o i toga ne ER Clitellarinz. 
5.—Antenne with a slender dorsal or terminal bristle...............+-+-. Sargine. 
Antennz never with a slender or long bristle................. Stratiomyine. 


(To be continued. ) 
rr 9 re 


In the article on tl Sphingide in No. 5, the word Dilphonota, wherever it oc- 
curs* should read Dilophonota. 


¢ —117— 


On the Parasites of Odontota Suturalis. 
By L. O. Howarp. 


I publish this short note on the parasites of Odonfo/a Suluralis at the 
request of Dr. Riley; who has recently made an exhaustive study of the 
habits and life history of this interesting leaf-mining Coleopter, and who 
wishes to refer to the parasites specifically in his paper without the necess- 
ity of cumbering it with descriptive matter. He has bred four species, 
all of which issued in July. 


1. Spilochalcis odontotae, m. This is strikingly handsome species, looking 
like a dwarfed specimen of S. maria (Riley.) It was described by the writer to- 
gether with other species of the genus in Bulletin 5 of the Division of Entomology. 
It issues from the pupa of the Odontota the latter part of July. 

2. Sympiezus uroplatae, n. sp. Male.—Length 2,61mm. Expanse 4.6mm. 
Flagellar joints of the antennze distinct and somewhat flattened. Whole of pro- and 
mesonotum strongly shagreened. Median carina of metascutellum delicate, straight 
and clearly definad. Abdomen ovate. Hind coxz coarsely shagreened above. Color 
metallic green; scape yellowish Leneath; front femora brownish at base, distal half honey 

« yellow, tibize and tarsi nearly white; middle and hind femora brownish, slightly me- 
tallic above, tibize and tarsi nearly white with the exception of a brownish tinge near 
base of hind tibiz, Wing veins dusky; stigmal more delicate than with other species. 

Described from 1 <j‘, bred from mine of Odontota (Uroplata) sutura- 
dis, July 24, 1884 at Washington, D.C. The larva of the Sympzezus 
was observed on opening the mine, to feed externally on the larva of the 
Onodontota. 


3. Trichogramma odontotae, n. sp. Female. — Length 0.55 mm., expanse 
I1.12mm. Color: eyes red, head, antennz, thorax and basal joint of abdomen or- 
ange yellow, all legs light fuscous, remainder of abdomen light brown. Antennz 
except scape and including pedicel with a few short sparse hairs. Basal portion of 
fore wing included by stigmatal vein slightly fuscous, remainder hyaline. 

Male.—Length averages about .05 to.1 mm., shorter than Q, with wings of a- 
bout the same proportionate length. Colors the same except that the abdomen is 
darker, and the fuscous patch on the base of the fore wings is more pronounced. In 
balsam-mounted specimens no complete division of the flagellum into joints can be ob- 
served and the antennz appear 3-jointed (scape I, pedicel 2, flagellum 3). Conspic- 
uous whorls of hair are present, however, indicating possible sub-divisions. The ap- 
pearence is much like that of the ¢{' antennz of Tr. erosicornis, Westw. (Trans. Linn. 
Soc. Lond. Ser. 2, Vol. I. (1878) Pl. 73, figs. 24 & 25) for which Westwood erects 
the sub-genus Aprobosca. 

Descrbed from ¢ and Q specimens bred during the month of July 
from the egg masses of Odontofa suturals on Locust at Washington, D.C. 


4. Derostenus (Closterocerus) sp. A number of the brilliant little species of 
this genus have been bred in this country from the leaf mines of both lepidopterous and 
coleopterous larvze, None have ever been described and as they are very difficult of 
separation and approach very closely to the European species, I shall not undertake 
(o publish an isolated species. A study of the American Entedonine will, of course, 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 18 


—118— 


be made in time, and meanwhile this species may be referred to by the manuscript 
name Derostenus primus. 

The fact that a species of this genus has been bred from the pupa of 
Lulophus would seem to indicate that Deros/enus may consist of second- 
ary parasites and tnat this species may have fed in the larva state on the 
larvae or pupae of the Sfz/ochalcrs or the Sympiezus. 

=a + <> 
Notes and News. 

It seems that Mr. W. H. Edwards has not yet forgiven Dr. Hagen 
for his article on Co/ias. Having on several occasions attempted to dis- 
pute Dr. Hagen’s conclusions by bringing out prominently the differen- 
ces between the species—thus showing how minute and evanescent they 
really are—he now makes his attack in a different way and in ‘ Papilio” 
IV, pp. 167—171, with great display of logic and fat type, undertakes 
to prove that Dr. Hagen for the sake of annihilating several innocent 
species of Coligs, did wilfully, and with malice prepense, manufacture, in- 
vent, and as truths publish, certain facts which had no existence. In 
other word sthat Dr. Hagen wilfully lied to prove the identity of two spec- 
ies of Colas, Of course such charges require no answer from Dr. Hagen. 
No one believes them and they therefore do no harm. Still to show that 
Mr. Edwards has either withheld evidence he had knowledge of, or did 
not inquire far enough before making so grave a charge, the following is 
published. 

‘Dear Mr. Henshaw: : 
You probably have ‘‘Papilio” 
IV, No. g and 10. Will you please read the article ‘On some Historical 
Errors’ on p. 167, and give me any information you may have, in refer- 
ence to the matters there stated as facts. I am especially desirous of 
learning about those insects caught 7 copula. Mr. Stretch says he did 
not catch them: did you? What are the facts about that unfortunate 
cyanide bottle? Please correct any other errors you may know of in the 
article, and let me have your reply at as early a date as possible. 

Very truly, John B. Smith.” 

Dear Sir: 

A number of the statements in the paper 
“On some historical errors’ (Papilio 1884! [1885] v. 4, p. 167—171) 
by Mr. W. H. Edwards require correction. 

Dr. Hagen’s statement, that six pairs of Codvas were taken in copu- 
lation, is correct. Many envelopes, as Mr. Stretch writes, contained 
more than a single specimen frequently of widely separated genera, but 
in no case were specimens labelled as collected in copulation unless so 


—119— 


taken; the six pairs in dispute were labelled by me “j‘ and Q taken in 
cop.”, so that assumption in this case was unnecessary. 

Memory as to the number or per cent of the specimens taken by an 
individual collector after a term of nearly two years, is not wholly trust- 
worthy and by Mr. Stretch’s reasoning it could be logically inferred that 
I collected 95 per cent of the Coleoptera. According to°my memory 
such a conclusion would be far in excess of the truth, through not more 
so than that Mr. Stretch collected fully 95 per cent of the Diurnals. It 
is immaterial how many or how few butterflies Dr. Hagen collected, but 
I can state positively that he caught and handed to me for labelling 
more than five pairs of a single species. Mr. Stretch must surely have for- 
gotten the many discussions that took place concerning machaon, mena- 
pia and /e/o, not to mention others, when he wrote that Dr. Hagen knew 
nothing about the butterflies, and I can bear willing testimony that Mr. 
Stretch was too energetic and too enthusiastic a collector to allow his 
many interesting captures to miss so appreciative an audience as Dr. 
Hagen proved himself on many occasions. 

Mr. Edwards’ statement of Mr, Stretch’s remarks, in relation to the 
Colias whose color was changed by cyanide are not entirely consistent. 
In June 1884 he wrote me that Mr. Stretch claimed that Dr. Hagen was 
wholly mistaken in his account of the matter and in Papilio Vol, IV, p. 
170 (received in July 1885,) he writes that Mr. Stretch, in answer to his 
question as to what he (Mr, S.) knew about this Co/zas, ‘‘replied that he 
knew nothing of it.” 

Mr, Edwards’ English while not ‘‘obscure” is certainly misleading 
when he says that Mr. Stretch did not use a cyanide bottle, as he prob- 
ably intended saying that Mr. Stretch did not use the cyanide bottle in 
question. 

Mr. Stretch used a cyanide bottle all the time he collected in Oregon 
and Washington Terr. 

In regard to the Colas similar in color to C. astraea, I have only to 
say that a yellow Colas recognised in the field as corresponding closely 
to, if not identical with others previously collected, was placed in a damp, 
freshly prepared cyanide bottle, and when taken from the bottle the 
hind wings were wet; the specimen was preserved and the facts noted at 
the express wish of Dr. Hagen. 

The application of the term ‘‘omnivorous” to the new collecting 
bottle is not clear to me. 

Yours, Sam]. Henshaw. 


* x 


poe ee Ooo 


How shall we collect, in alcohol or cyanide? And how shall we fasten 
our small beetles, with gum or with shellac? Practice varies in this re- 
spect and each method has its advantages and corresponding disadvan- 
tages. Mr. C. Lugger has had an experience this summer that is some- 
what suggestive. He transported his collection of Coleoptera to New 
Orleans for the exhibition, andthe moist heat of that locality soon 
began to produce a crop of mould. Careful examination showed that of 
insects on cards, those mounted with gum of any kind were uniformly 
mouldy, while those mounted with shellac as uniformly escaped. Pinned 
insects collected in cyanide began to mould and decay while those col- 
lected in alcohol pretty generally remained sound. Southern collectors 
claim that they cannot use shellac because it hardens so rapidly that the 
insects turn and twist. Alcohol as a collecting medium _ has the dis- 
advantage that it contracts the muscles of the mouth parts. Dr. Horn 
says that in Bembidium and many other small Carabidz and many of the 
Staphylinide@ there appears a great difference in the proportions of the 
joints of the palpi. Two specimens of a Bembidium examined, showed, 
-one a minute terminai joint hardly 4 as long as the preceding; while 
another, obviously the same species, had the terminal joint fully as long 
as the second. The-first was collected in alcohol, and the terminal joint 
was retracted far into the second; while the other, collected in cyanide, 
had the joint extended as far as possible. Care and knowledge are thus 
imperative in the use of these organs in systematic work. 

a 
Book Notices. 

Vol. VI, Part 2, of the Trans. Am. Conn, Ac. Arts and Sc., is at 
hand and contains the following of interest to Entomologists. 

New England Spiders of the family Epeiridae. By J. H. Emerton, pp. 295- 
342, pl. 33-40. 

New England Lycosidae. By J. H. Emerton, pp. 481-505, pl. 46-59. 

North American Conopidae, Conclusion. By. Dr. S. W. Williston, pp, 377- 
394. pl. 41. 

Mr. Emerton here continues his studies on the new England spiders, 
and by his clearly drawn plates and careful text gives a great addition to 
our knowledge of these handsome though somewhat repugnant insecta. 

Of Dr. Williston’s paper we need only say it is good, Our readers 
know his style of work. 


* * 


In the July No. of ‘‘The American Monthly Microscopic Journal” 
is a note by D. S. Kellicott of an aquatic lepidopterous larva probably 
belonging to Ca/aclysta, which forms a free case, similar to that of a 
Phryganeid, with silk, holding together fragments of Lemna &c, 


PLATE III, 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, OCTOBER, 1885. 








NTO Pele a, 
AMERICANA 


VOL. I. BROOKLYN, OCTOBER, 1885. NO. 7, 








Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A-A.A.S. 


The club met under the rules and pursuant to notice, on the 25th 
day of August, at room H of the University of Michigan, at 2 P.M., 23 
persons present. 

In the absence of the President, the meeting was called to order by 
Prof. Osborn, the Vice-President, who stated that Dr. Morris, the Presi- 
dent, had announced his inability to attend. 

The Secretary stated that the minutes of the meetings at the’ Phila- 
delphia session of the Ass'n, had been printed in the Bull. BkIn. Ent. 
Soc.. the Can. Ent. and in the Proceedings of the Ass’n., and printed 
copies were in the hands of the members. On motion the reading of the 
minutes of the previous meeting was dispensed with. 

The following were then nominated and elected officers of the Club 
for the ensuing year. President, Prof. J. A. Lintner of Albany; Vice- 
President, Mr. E. A. Schwarz of Washington, and Secretary, Mr. John 
B. Smith of Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Prof. Lintner taking the chair expressed regret at the absence of Dr. 
Morris and the consequent want of a presidential address. He stated 
that there had not been during the past year any falling off in the interest 
taken in Entomology: on the contrary the interest had rather increased, 
Those in public positions know this to be the case by the increase and 
character of the applications for information, especially from Agriculturists 
which were made both to the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, and to State 
officers. 

The chairman of the committee on arrangements reported what had 
been done to obtain papers for the present meeting. 

Prof. Riley moved that hereafter the officers of the club be elected 


A 


at the end of the sessions, in each year, and that the officers thus elected 
serve at the meetings of the club the following year. This was seconded, 
and a resolution to that effect was adopted. 

The Secretary then read the following paper, Dr. Goding not being 
in attendance. 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH or WILLIAM LEBARON, 
LATE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF ILLINOIS. 
By Dr. F. W. Gopinc. 


Wilham LeBaron was born Oct. 17, 1814, in North Andover, 
Mass., and was the son of Dr. Lemueland Martha LeBaron. His father 
was a physician of considerable note, and his paternal grandfather a 
minister, His maternal grandsire, Dr. Thomas Kittredge, was a surgeon 
whose fame extended from Maine to Washington and was one of a long 
line of physicans. ‘Thus it is plain that Dr, LeBaron inherited studious 
habits and scientific tastes, and even his life study was decided upon 
from earliest childhood. 

The neighboring cities soon attracted his less studious brothers, and 
upon William devolved the care of the aged mother and grandmother, 
both of whom he attended through long illnesses and closed their eyes in 
death before he was twenty-five years old. 

His early education was acquired under the iron rule of Dr. Putnam 
whose school for boys was famed in those days, attracting from far and 
near many who afterward attained distinction in their several vocations. 
Among his school-mates he was beloved and respected, one of whom 
said of him: ‘‘He was the boy with the best judgement among us, In 
any dispute we always called upon William to decide; for he was always 
so fair and so true, that we were all willing to abide by his decisions.” 


From childhood he evinced a strong love of nature and devoted his 
leisure hours to studying her in her various branches. First Ornithology 
and then Botany attracted his attention; and having made an exhaustive 
collection of specimens in each of these departments, he turned his 
attention to Entomology to which he ever after remained faithful. 

The doctor studied medicine under the tutorship of his uncle, Dr. 
Joseph Kittredge, in North Andover, and for several ‘years he practiced 
there. Weare informed by his family that he graduated from Harvard 
Medical College in 1857, hence he must have returned from the West 
to complete his medical studies. 

In 1841 he married Sarah Farvis Carr of Ellsworth, Maine, and 
in 1844 removed to Geneva, Kane Co,, Ill. (the old homestead being in 
sight of the place where I am now sitting), where the remainder of his 


—123— 


life was spent with the exception of the last year, during which time he 
resided in Chicago. While in Geneva he continued in the practice of 
Medicine, and he was known far and near for his skill in diagnosis of 
disease and surgical operations. 

In 1850 he made his advent into the scientific world by means of 
an article published in the old Prairie Farmer, upon the ‘‘Chinch Bug” 
which was at that time making serious ravages in the wheat crop, then the 
most important product of the State. In this article—-which was re-pub- 
lished in Fitch’s 2d N. Y. Ent. Report—he gave the first scientific ac— 
count of the life history of this important pest describing it as new under 
the name of Rhyparochromus devastator, Of this paper Dr. Fitch says: 
“Little requires to be added to this account”. The same is true of the 
many scientific papers written by Dr. LeBaron, as he never published 
until the entire subject was thoroughly understood by him. His ex- 
haustive researches into the habits of the chimch-bug, and practical sug- 
gestions (in thisand subsequent papers) as to their extermination, attract- 
ed the attention of the leading entomologists of Europe and America, 
with whom he ever after maintained a close correspondence. 

In 1861 he was elected corresponding member of the Lx/omological 
Society of Philadelphia and soon after member of the A/ass. Hort, Soc. 

In 1865 he became Entomological Editor of the Prairie Farmer, 
to which paper he had contributed at intervals, for years, severing this 
connection only when his declining health compelled him to do so, 

A collection of Dr. LeBaron’s contributions to that paper, of his 
answers to correspondents, and other papers read before various Agricul- 
tural and Horticultural Societies would make a valuable addition to 
entomological literature. We have received a hint from his family that 
the publication of a volume containing his essays etc., both published 
and unpublished has been seriously contemplated, a fact that will be re- 
ceived with pleasure by all. 

The doctor was thoroughly practical in all he wrote, and his state- 
ments of facts could be relied upon implicitly, as he tested his discoveries 
again and again before he gave them to the world. 

In 1870 two candidates appeared for the office of Illinois State Ento. 
mologist made vacant by the untimely death of the lamented Walsh— 
Dr. Henry Shimer of Mt. Carroll and Mr. Emery of the Prazrie Farmer, 
both of whom were well qualified for the position. For reasons that can- 
not be given at this time, Gov. Palmer refused to appoint either, but 
named Dr, Le#aron for the place, taking him entirely by surprise. 

From this time he devoted his whole attention to this work that lay 
nearest to his heart, until his health gave way under the severity of the 
strain. One of the first moves made by him was the purchase of the 


—124— 


Walsh Collection which secured to the State the finest and most accur- 
ately named collection of insects to be found in America. But this was 
not all; his labors being of an original nature added directly to our 
knowledge of insect life and his name will be handed down to _ posterity 
as one of the pioneers of economic entomology. 

But Dr. LeBaron’s standing as an entomologist will be based al- 
most entirely upon his Four Annual Reports, the last of which forms a 
most valuable text book for the order Coleoptera. He was moved to 
undertake this work by the numerous letters he received from young 
men interested in the study of entomology, who cou!d find few books 
on the subject, suitable for beginners that were within their means. In 
his 42/th Report he proposed to compile a similar work on Dipéera, his 
specialty. He had collected much material for it, but his sickness and 
death cut short his usefulness, just as he began to give to the world the 
results of his half century of arduous study and investigation. 

Dr. LeBaron died in Elgin, Ill., Oct. 14, 1876, in the 62d year of 
his age, leaving a wife and five children. All are highly respected and 
esteemed, one son being editor of the Elgin Daz/y News and Post Master, 
and another being a successful publisher living in Chicago. 

The doctor left quite a collection of insects besides augmenting the 
Walsh Collection, and that of the State University. 

As you are all conversant with his writings I need not remark that 
he was aman of fine literary attainments. A finished classical scholar, he 
showed a remarkably fine discrimination in the use of words, and as a con- 
sequence his meaning was always perfectiy clear. He was even an authority 
to those about him upon all literary subjects, and many an evening 
he spent entertaining and instructing the young people of his neighbor- 
hood by his keen analysis of the best English and American authors, 

He was an active member of the Unitarian Church, being trustee 
both east and west for many years. For nearly a quarter ofa cenuury, 
consecutively, he held the position of school director, while he was fre- 
quently called to fill other positions of trust by his fellow townsmen. 

In conclusion, as a neighbor I would say, that more important than 
all was the good he did in the community by the example he set and the 
high moral standard he held up for all to attain to, who were in any way 
connected with him. A knowledge of his keen discrimination between 
right and wrong, and the ease with which he blew away the sophistries 
that men of the world use to cover their derelictions from duty, exercised 
a restraining influence upon all who knew him. 

With a hand ever open to aid the poor and friendless, he gave what 
he valued far above money—his time to straighten the crooked paths of 
others; and make the doubtful way plain. 


——125— 


The poors of the town flocked to his funeral to look once more upon 
one, who had been their best friend upon earth. _ As his writings were a 
guide and a help to those who labored in the same scientific field, so his 
life was a guide and a help to all with whom he came in daily contact. 
His entomological writings both pubiished and unpublished, so far 
as I have been able to ascertain, are as follows: 
“History of the apple-tree Caterpillar.” 
Written in Mass. at an earlier date than the others. 
‘*Worms Injurious to Dried Fruit.’’ 
** Metamorphosis of Insects.”’ 
‘On the Codling Moth, Curculio and Potato Beetie.’’ Delivered at Cobden, II. 
‘Insects Injurious to the Peach,’’ 
‘On the Extermination of Noxious ¢nsects.”’ Delivered in Jo Davies Co. 
«Connection between Scientific and Practical Entomology.” 
In two parts. First, delivered at Jacksonville. Ul.; Second, published in Tr. 
MiP St. Hort. Soc., Vol. 5, 
‘Insects Injurious to Field Crops.’ 
“Sudden Appearance and Disappearance of Noxious Insects.’’ Delivered at Galesburg. 
“‘Cummunications to Prairie Farmer.” 
“First Annual Report of Ill. State Entomologist.” 1871. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduciioa,—White Marked Tussock Moth. —Fall 
Web Worm.—Lesser Apple Leaf-tolder (n. sp.)—Oyster Shell Bark Louse.— 
Caliimorpha Pear Caterpillar.—Green Chestnut backed Plum Caterpillar, — 
American bine Chafer. —Green Cream Spotted Grape Worm.-—Spinous Cur- 
rant Caterpiliar, —4-striped Plant-Bug. — Colorado Potato Beetle. — Rose 
Slug.—Pine Leaf Louse. 
“Second Annual Report of Lll. State Entomologist.” 1872. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction,—Canker Worm.-—Apple and Walnut 
Leaf Crumpler (n. sp.?). — Periodical Cicada. — Pear Flea Louse.—Small 
Bronze Flea Beetle. —Spotted Willow Aphis (n. sp.).—Willow Bark Louse 
(n, sp.).—Stalk-borer. —Chinch bug.—Grasshopper parasite (n. sp.?). — Notes 
ot the Season. 
“Third Annual Report of the Ill. State Entomologist.” 1873, 
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction.—Codling Moth.—Hand-maid Moth,— 
Cottonwood Leaf Gall Louse.-—Transporiation of Useful Parasites.—Intro- 
duction to Entomology. 
“Fourth Annual Report of the Lil. State Entomologist.” 1874. 
Consisting of an Introduction, —Outlines of the Study of Insects, —Tables etc., 
and a Treatise on the Coleoptera of North America, 
“Apple Lree Tent Caterpillar.” Publ. in “American Ent.’’ Vol. 2, p. 143. 
“Corn Kernels in Cocoons of Cecropia Moth ”’. Publ. in ‘‘American Ent.’’ Vol. 2, p.177. 
“Noxious Larve’’. Publ. in ‘‘American Ent.’’ Vol. 2, p. 232. 
“<The Chalcideous Parasite of the Apple Tree Bark-louse (n. sp.). 
“Publ. in ‘American Entomologist” Vol. 2, p. 360. 
(To be continued. ) 
ro oo 
‘Ve editor’’ has entered upon the duties of his new office at the National Museum, - 
Washington D. C., and letters should be addressed to him there. Communications for 
the Society and books and pamphlets still go to Brooklyn, N. Y. 


> 


= 20— 


Notes on Chrysomela scalaris, Lec. 
By G. W, J. ANGELL. 


Lately, while examining some specimens of the genus Chrysomela, 
I found an insect answering equally well to the descriptions of sca/aris 
Lec. or philadelphica Linn, This led me to arrange a series from my 
material in tnis group, to find, if possible, intergrades between the two. 
Further examination but strengthened the idea, that these so called spe- 
cies are but varieties or races of one and the same insect. Before dis- 
cussing the series thus obtained I give the original descriptions of Leconte 
and Linnzus and also the remarks of Rogers and Crotch. 


“C. scalaris Leconte, Ann. Lyc. I, p. 173. 

Oval, greenish blue; elytra punctate, yellowish white spotted with blue, Suture 
with a broad metallic black stripe, branched in three or four places. Humerus with a 
large lunate spot; under surface bronzed black, antennz and legs ferruginous.”’ 


“C, philadelphica Linn. Syst. Nat. IT, p. 592. 

Oval, greenish black, elytra pale yellow, with a longitudinal stripe near the sut- 
ure and a number of dark green spots; palpi, antennz and legs rufous, under surface 
dark green.”’ 

Rogers (Proc. Acad. 1856, p. 31) says: ‘*This insect (sca/arzs) is 
closely allied to C. philade/phica of Linnzeus, the difference consists in 
the suture being marked with a broad black stripe with which the spots 
are connected. In C. philadelphica the suture is black, straight and 
narrow, separated from a narrow subsutural black vitta by a narrow 
yellow line.” 

Crotch (Proc. Acad. 1873, p. 49) separates them as follows: 


‘First vitta joined to suture, which is laterally tridentate................. scalaris. 
UGStavittastkhee mSUUUALe TO fy OLCCM sei weneyetne Tcl olal-sale\els/ uetetstoitsereenele philadelphica. 


He also states that in this group the epipleuree of the elytra are 
yellow. This 1 find to be the case in the majority of insects examined, 
but it is not entirely constant. From the above descriptions it appears 
that the basis of all determinations of these insects has been fhe metallic 
green, tridentate sutural vitta of sca/urzs and the free, bronzed, subsutural 
vitta of philadelphica. In my series I find the following variations from 
the typical form. For convenience, I refer to those markings near the 
vitta, which being joined to the latter make it dentate, as vittal spots. 

A.—Vittal spots smali, hardly linear. Humeral markings broken, 
not forming a continuous line, Vitta faintly marked. An interior 
humeral spot. 

B.—Vittal spots linear. Humeral markings connected, and two 
interior humeral spots. Vitta more strongly marked, slightly diverging. 

C.—Vittal spots longer. Humeral line curved and _ interior spots 
connected. 


—127— 


D.—Vittal spots nearer the vitta, 
diverging, almost connected. Hum- 
eral line angulated. In these speci- 
mens A, B, C& D the markings are | 
pure bronze. 

E,—Vittal spots joining subsut- 
ural vitta, making the latter dent- 
ate. Humeral lunule pipe shaped 
Interior spots combined forming a 
single heavy dot. Sutural and sub- 
sutural vittae uniting near lower 
margin of elytra. 

F ,—Vittal spots free, vitta sut- 
ural. Markings greenish bronze. 

G.—Sutural vitta strongly den- 
tate. Lower vittal spot free. Mark- 
ings green, Margins of prothorax 
light yellow. 

H.—Vitta broader and denta- 
tions more obtuse. 

I.—Dentations still more obtuse. 
All markings heavier. ‘This is the 
common form of sca/aris, 

J. & K.—In these specimens the 
series reverts somewhat to the pAi/a- 
delphica type. The sutural vitta 
and humeral lunule are like scalaris 
but the fine lateral spots and red- 
dish bronze color of the markings recall pAiladelphica. This series shows 
a pearly complete gradual gradation from the finely maculate form of 
philadelphica (1) to the strongly marked sca/aris type (1). A still more 
extended series will, I expect, completely demonstrate the truth of the 
opinion here advanced. Should further investigation bear me out, the 
name philadelphica Linn, must stand for both insects, as it has decided 
priority. Scadaris is however a well marked race, in some localities very 
constant. Hundreds collected at Cambridge last summer show scarcely 
any variation, while specimens from New Jersey, Cape Cod and prin- 
cipally Canada are decidedly inconstant and variable. 

Figure L represents an insect which has long been considered a 
variety of sca/aris. In many collections it bears Dr. Leconte’s cabinet 
name /aéyrinthica, but it has lately been determined by Dr. Horn as 
identical with C. prirsa Stal. Its elytral markings are certainly peculiar 





a 


and very constant, yet in many specimens of sca/arzs I have seen, there 
is a strong tendency towards this form. In regard to Crotch’s paper, al- 
ready quoted, I find another important exception to a specific character 
given therein. He separates mudtipunctafa Say, and its varieties from scad- 
aris and philadelphica, by its partially yellow prothorax. An examina- 
tion of figure G will show that in this insect, a decided scadaris form, the 
lateral margins of the prothorax are light yellow. ‘This leads me to doubt 
the validity of mudtipunctaia as a distinct species, a doubt which Crotch 
also expresses, though he gives no reason for it. 


“<=> — +a —_ ——_—_ 


Notes on Mexican Lepidoptera, with descriptions 
of New Species. 
By Henry Epwarps. 
(Fourth Paper. ) 


I continue the descriptions of a few other fine insects collected by 
Mr. Wm. Schaus, at Jalapa, Mexico, which, as far as I am able to ascer- 
tain, are new to science. ‘They certainly do not occur in any works to 
which I have access, and I therefore think it best to place them on record. 


FAM. ZYGAENIDAE. 


Lycomorpha notha, n. sp. 

Form and size of L. pholus, Dru. Wholly bluish-black with the exception of a 
triangular patch at base of primaries, a very small patch at base of secondaries, collar, 
palpi, and inside of fore femora, which are bright orange. 

Tics aah es INO: 228.) 

Lycomorpha sinuata, n. sp. 

Allied to LZ. latercula, Hy. Edw. Head, antennz disc of thorax, abdomen and 
legs all dull sooty black. Thorax with the sides and base, brick red. Primaries 
brick red, with the margins sooty black, very narrowly so at the apex, broadest on 
the median vein, thence straight to internal margin. Secondaries wholly sooty 
black, except the base, which has a brick red patch. ‘lhe markings are repeated on 
the lower side. 

Exp. wings 24mm. Length of body 1omm. 1 Q. (No. 230.) 


SUB-FAM. ARCTIIDAE. 

Gnophezla disjuncta, n. sp. 

Somewhat resembling at first sight the common G@. vermiculata, G. & R. The 
wings are however much narrower, and have a very striking greenish metallic sheen, 
while the spots are totally different both in size and arrangement. Below the median 
nerve is a narrow stripe, not quite reaching the base, widening from a mere point to 
immediately below the cell, where it is excavated, and surmounted by a rather large 
subovate patch, divided in half by the black median nerve. The apical patch is 
large, cut into 5 spots by the nervures, that nearest the internal angle being a mere 
dot. The secondaries have a large spot at the base, which is also divided into two 
by the nerve, the lower being almost oblong; and the upper subtriangular in shape. 


—129— 


From the costa near to the apex, runs a large pyriform spot, crossed by two black 

nervures. The markings are repeated on the lower side. The fore femora and 

pectus are bright orange, the rest of the body bluish-black, the abdomen haying a 

row of 6 small dots on the sides, and not a stripe as in (@. vermiculata. 
Exp. wings 45 mm. Length of body 17 mm. he Di 


SUB-FAM. NOTODONTIDAE. 


Janassa laciniosa, n. sp. 

3. Bright but pale fawn-color, with darker streaks. The primaries. have the 
costa shaded with rich coffee-brown, especially on the apical half. There is also a 
sub-apical dash, and some streaks of the same color on the posterior margin, , From 
the base in centre of the wing runs an olive-brown clouded line, expanding into a 
blotch as it passes the cell, but not reaching to the margin. Secondaries sordid white, 
yellowish along the abdominal margin, and with a bright brown blotch at the anal 
angle, Beneath yellowish fawn-color, costa of both wings stained with brown, and 
the ends of the nervures of the primaries also marked with brown, Thorax brown 
on disk, fawn-color at the sides. Abdomen fawn-color, darkest at the base. 

©. Dark coffee-brown, costa fawn-color towards the apex, and a pale fawn dash 
at internal angle, which in both sexes is a good deal jagged. Secondaries darker than 
in the ¢’, with the brown anal blotch as usual. Beneath, the primaries are dull brown, 
paler on the margins, Secondaries fawn-color, with brown dots at the ends of the nerv- 
ules, Thorax and abdomen as in the ,j', the latter with a brown line beneath. 2 ¢, 
3 Q. Jalapa (W. Schaus, No. 398). Mazatlan (Hy. Fdw.). 

Exp. wings ¢' 42 mm., 9 50mm. Length of body 22 mm., 9 20mm. 


SUB-FAM. HEPIALIDAE. 


Phassus triangularis, n. sp. 


Wings greatly produced into a falcate point at the apices; rich wood brown, 
varying in shade, the Q considerably paler than the 7. Costa arched at the base, 
both it and the subcostal nervure very strong and muscular. ‘The costal margin is 
pale fawn-color, clouded with brown, three distinct triangular patches, most apparent 
from the middle of costa towards the apex. From the subcostal nervure, about 15 
mm. from the base of the wing runs a broad ribbon-like band, which passes into a 
point as it nears the internal margin, then upward to the edge of the cell, forming a 
very open V-like mark, At the end of the cell it is joined to a clear silvery white 
triangular patch, behind which is a double white spot. These white spots vary 
slightly in shape in different individuals, but the average form is as here described. 
The posterior margins are broadly clouded with rich brown, on the field of which 
may be seen 3 macular bands, not passing below the median nervure. On the sub- 
costal space above the waved broad band is a row of 8 small oblong pale patches, and 
at the base of the wing near the internal margin are 4 pale spots, some of them oc- 
casionally with brown centre. Lower wings dull brown, pale at base, and with pale 
dashes at the apex. Underside wholly dull brown, with pale marks on the costa of 
both wings. 


Exp. wings, {140 mm., ¢{ 160 mm. Length of body, ¢' 7omm., Q 85 mm. 
A magnificent species, evidently belonging to Walker’s genus. The 


transformations have been observed by Mr. Schaus, and will hereafter be 
referred to. 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 20 


Synopses of Cerambycidae. 


By Cuarves W, Leng, B.S. 


(Continued from p. 35. ante.) 


The following paper on the species of the genera erected at the ex- 
pense of L/aphidion is based upon material received by Dr. Horn since 
the publication of our synopses (No. 2 May). Those synopses were 
submitted to Dr. Horn for the insertion of the new species, but the 
material then in hand did not justify him in making any changes and 
the absence of Dr. Leconte’s types of Azcflus prevented the careful com- 
parison which has led to these notes. We are greatly indebted to 
Dr. Horn for the opportunity of publishing them in this series and 
trust the reader may derive great satisfaction from this final clearing up 
of a puzzling group. 


ROMALEUM, White. 


R. simplicicolle Hald. = procerwm Lec. 


The differences between these two species are not constant and the 
intergradation in the arrangement of the antennal spines on the outer 
side of the third and fourth joints is so gradual as to render it impossible 
to draw any line of separation. 2. operartum Wht., B. M. Catal. p.309 
pl. VI, fig. 9, is without doubt the same thing. 


R. seminitidum n, sp. 


Form robust, piceous, moderately shining, pubescence very fine and very sparse, 
hte surface being almost nude. Head coarsely and deeply punctured, a space clothed 
with yellowish pubescence on each side of the occiput within the eyes, Head slight- 
ly wider than long, base a little narrower than apex, sides irregularly arcuate, disc 
slightly flattened, with three callosities, one median larger, one on each side slighily 
in front of the middle; surface roughly granulate punctate, Elytra wider than the 
thorax, slightly narrowing to apex, the apices sinuously truncate, the sutural angle 
dentiform, disc slightly depressed, surface coarsely punctured and sub-granulate at 
basal striz, the punctures very rapidly finer and sparser posteriorly, Body beneath 
brownish, punctulation fine and sparse, pubescence very fine. Legs brown, punctate, 
the tibize not carmate. Length 1.04 inch; 26 mm. 


This species closely resembles Zustroma validum and might readily 
be mistaken for it without reference to the generic characters. It is more 
shining and less pubescent. The antennz are distinctly spinous on the 
inner side from the third to tenth joints, and less distinctly on the outer 
side from the fourth to tenth. 

One Q, Arizona. The male probably has a different thoracic 
sculpture as is usual in this genus. 


ANEFLUS, Lec. 


The outer antennal joints are distinctly carinate on their flat sides— 
this sentence gives the basis on which the genus was erected. On this 
point some remarks will appear in the course of this article. 

The species of Aneflus are thus distinguished: 


Outer joints of antennz more or less distinctly carinated... .......-....02...00- 9 
Outen) omits mor distinctly canimatedio sr. .).. . «cients terate el: el aielere volitans, Lec. 
2—Third joint of antennze with a very long spine .................... tenuis, Lec. 
AMISMMNAL SPIES OL MOCETALEISIZE. 3)... 2) 5.5 PEM eis dare ial lol eln ale ete ye eceeens 3 
Bq wivina simply semanoimateraty tip). </./.<.0)s a;oc svar miatelegsnevel lis bets oes hey linearis. Lec. 
EN vit aeS PUM OSE, AME Orca peMyevatatalchi Js «\c,x ais, » «-s) 3 atest tepsuelsie rsh ehoityatys/s\ara)s/evaisdine creer 4 


4—Thorax cylindrical; pubescence of elytra conspicuous. 


Disc of thorax vaguely quadrituberculate; antennal spines well developed. 
protensus, Lec. 


Disc bituberculate at base, an elevated transverse line slightly in front of mid- 


dies santenmaleSpinesssMalli.../ .\... ..< 0 sstseemembuseie ste. « «s/s > prolixus, Lec. 
Thorax distinctly narrower at apex, the disc very roughly sculptured; pubescence 
OUELYEnaaVveLy, pINCONSPILMOUS: . \< <2..) »-\d'< sis Oeics costo calvatus, Horn. 


A. volitans Lec, New Species, 1873, p. 186, Brownish, sparsely clothed with 
long pale pubescence. Thorax longer than wide, base and apex equal, sides feebly 
arcuate, disc densely rather coarsely punctate. Elytra closely coarsely punctate, the 
puncturers finer posteriorly, the apices truncate, the sutural angle acute not spiniform. 
Tibize with flying hair. Length .4o inch; 10mm. 

The carinze of the outer joints of the antennz were said by Dr. 
Leconte to be obsolete, in fact from an examination of the type I can- 
not find that they exist at all. The spine of the third antennal joint is 
two-thirds as long as the fourth joint, while that of the fourth is above 
one-third the length of the fifth joint. 

This species is placed at the beginning as an expression of its close 
relationship with some Elaphidion as aculeatum and subpubescens and as 
the genera constructed at the expense of Elaphidion are at present de- 
fined there seems to be no reason why A. voltfans should not be placed 
near the species above cited, unless it be placed in Psyrassa Pascoe. 
The latter genus and the value of its characters will be referred to later on. 

One specimen. Lower California. 

A. tenuis Lec., Proc, Acad. 1854, p. 81, Brownish or piceous, sparsely cloth- 
ed with white pubescence. Head very coarsely punctured, Thorax longer than wide, 
base very slightly narrower than the apex. Sides feebly arcuate, disc coarsely and 
deeply punctate, an indistinct smooth median line. Elytra coarsely and deeply but 
not closely punctate, the punctures gradually finer toward the apex, the apices emar- 
ginate, not spinose. Length .46—.64 inch; 11.5—16 mm. 

The carinze of the outer joints of the antennz are very indistinct. 
The third joint has along spine equal to half the length of the fourth 
joint, the other joints are mutic. This species should probably be placed 
in Psyrassa, if recognized. 

Occurs in south-western Texas. 


—132— 


A. linearis Lec. Proc, Acad. 1859, p. 80. Rufo-testaceous, sparsely clothed 
with whitish pubescence. Thorax longer than wide, sides arcuate, disc coarsely dense- 
ly punctate, a slight smooth space af middle posteriorly. Elytra coarsely punctured, 
tue punciures somewhat finer near the apex, the apices separately emarginate- 
truncate, not spinose. Length .40—42 inch: 10—10,5 mm. 

The outer joints of the antenne are distinctly carinate on their flat 
sides, the third, fourth and fifth joints with a short apical spine. The 
flying hairs of the tibiz are long but not very numerous. 

Occurs at Tejon, California. 

A. protensus, Lec. (Proc, Acad. 1858, p. 82.) Brownish piceous, clothed 
w.th yrayish-white pubescence. Thorax longer than wide, scarcely peiceptibly 
narrower at apex than at base, sides feebly arcuate, slightly obliquely impressed near 
the base, disc convex, very coarsely and roughly punctate-granuiate with four distinct 
elevaiions arranged in a quadrangle and a narrow median smooth callosity, Elytra 
coarsely not closely punctate, the punctures gradually finer toward the apex, the 
apices bispinous <j’ or w.th the suture above spiniform Q. Length 1.06 ¢j, 1.20 Q 
inch, 26.5—30 mm. 

The pubescence of this species is nearly as abundant as in Zap. 
alomarium but more regularly placed. Lhe joints three to six of the 
antenne are distinctly spinous, the spines gradually shorter. The outer 
joints are distinctly carinate on their flat sides. 

Occurs in Arizona and northern Sonora, 

A. prolixus, Lec. n.sp. 1873, p. 203. Piceous, moderately densely clothed with 
cinereous pubescence with a few longer hairs intermixed, Thorax longer than wide, 
neatly cylindrical, coarsely and closely punctured, disc moderately convex with two 
slightly elevated tubercles near the base and a transverse elevated line slightly in front 
of the middle. Elytra coarsely not closely punciured, the punctures finer posteriorly, 
the apices bispinous in both sexes. Length 1.00 inch; 25 mm, 

The outer joints of the antenne are very distinctly carinate, the joints 
three to six with a short spine atapex. ‘The slight transverse elevated 
line of the thorax is made more conspicuous by the arrangement of the 
pubescence, 

Occurs at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 

A. calvatus, n. sp. Brownish piceous, moderately shining, surface with very 
fine, sparse and inconspicuous pubescence. Head coarsely punctured. Thorax 
longer than wide, base one-half wider than apex, sides feebly arcuate, disc coarsely 
and roughly punctured with a tendency in the punctures to become transversely con- 
fluent. lytra double the width of apex of thorax, parallel, coarsely and deeply, not 
closely punctate, the punctures finer near the sides and toward the apex, apices bi- 
spinous in the emargination between the spines and distinct tooth, Body beneath 
sparsely punctate. Length 1.16 inch.; 29 mm. 

The outer joints of the antenne are very distinctly carinate on their 
flat sides, joints three to six distinctly spinous at tip. The legs are feebly 
pubescent without flying hairs. It is conspicuous among the larger 
species by the very feeble pubescence of the surface, 

One specimen (. Arizona. 


The table and remarks which precede are made from the species 
(the typical specimens) which Dr. Leconte considered as belonging to 
the genus Aneflus. ‘Two of the species are, however, doubtful as mem- 
bers of the genus from the fact that in one (vo/#/ans) the antennz are not 
at all carinate, while in another (¢evwzs) more faith than sight is required 
to see it. These two species should without any doubt be referred to 
Psyrassa Pasc., if it is to be recognized. In the latter genus Pascoe in- 
cludes our L/aphition unwolor, Rand. 

One of the essential characters of the group, Spherionides, to which 
Psyrassa is referred, is the presence of carinee on the tibizee, This is cer- 
tainly not the case in waicolor, ‘“The spine of the third antennal joint 
is remarkably long; and this seems to be a good generic character” 
(Bates, Biol. Cent. Am, V, p. 28). In wazcolor the spine is rarely re- 
markably long, never longer than one-third of the following joint, usual- 
ly it is not longer than in w/osum or truncatum. As far as the antennal 
spine and the carinate tibiz volitans and /enuis are Psyrassa. Assuming 
unicolor to be also a Psyrassa we observe a gradual fading out ofall the 
characters: the tibize are very distinctly carinate in femuzs, scarcely so in 
volitans and not atall in umzcolor; the spine of the third joint of the an- 
tenne is two-thirds the length of the next joint in volians, one-half in 
tenuis and less than a third in waicolor. After studying all the characters 
of the species cited I can only quote the remarks of Leconte regarding 
unicolor and apply them to the three species: ‘‘I can find no sufficient 
characters for separating this asa distinct genus, much less placing it in 
another tribe”. In conclusion I would suggest that /enuzs and volitans 
be returned to Elaphidion and placed between subpudbescens and unicolor. 


: EUSTROMA, Lec. 


The antenne are stout, in the male as long as the entire body, in 
the female much shorter. The antennz are not carinate in the same 
sense in which that term is used for Aneflus and it therefore seems better 
to place Eustroma in closer alliance with Elaphidion. 

The excavation of the underside of the antennal joints is more evi- 
dent in the males. The oval patch of pubescence near the front angles 
of the thorax is purely a male character and at the same time it is well 
to note that the male femora are much stouter than those of the female. 


The differences between Eustroma and Elaphidion are really feeble 
and restricted almost entirely to the antennz: it will, however, be observ- 
ed that the metasternal episterna are broader in Eustroma but parallel. 


Gero. H. Horn. 


—134— 


To Dr. Horn’s note on Lustroma we may add that the outer joints 
of the antennze are compressed and pubescent, the lower joints shining, 
sparsely punctured and thinly clothed with long fulvous hair; joints 3—7 
spinose. The mandibles are stout and acute, with the outer margin 
suddenly bent near the tip in G (as in Axestinus) but regularly curved 
in Q. The body above and beneath is punctured and clothed with 
rather coarse yellowish brown hair; the prothorax has several smooth 
confluent spaces, the intervals being very coarsely punctured. The 
elytra are feebly truncate at tip and armed with a small sutural spine. 

E. validum, Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil. 1858, p. 82. 

Hab. Texas, Lower California. 


TYLONOTUS, Haid. 


Contains one species of variable size and coloration, distinguished 
structurally by the strongly clubbed femora and bisulcate antennz and 
further from the succeeding genus by the callosities of the prothorax. 
The color is dark brown with part of the thighs and a blotch before the 
middle and another at the apex of the elytra testaceous. ‘The surface is 
punctured (only thinly on the elytra) and sparsely pubescent. 


T. bimaculatus, Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 38. 
Length .40—.60 inch. = 10—15 mm. Hab. Penn., N. Y. 


ZAMODES. Lee. 


Contains again a single species, opaque black in color, clothed 
with dense brownish pubescence, mixed with erect hairs; prothorax 
rounded at sides, punctured; elytra strongly punctured before, gradually 
less behind. The species resembles Zy/onofus but differs in the antennz 
not being sulcate, the prothorax having callosities and the legs being 
piceous. 

Z. obscurus, Lec. S.M.C.. No. 264, 1873, p. 188. 
Length .52 inch. =13mm. Hab. Penn., N. J. 


COMPSA, Perty. 


Brothorax punctured, waithouticallositiesspieri-s\--ci)- > «<2 viele puncticollis. 
Prothorax not punctured, with a narrow callus elevated at middle, and an elevated 
tubercle,onseach) side ofthe baseyareryesie ne cieie-+ sisi chs ols eee quadriplagiata. 


C. puncticollis, Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 188. 
Length .32--.52 inch. = 8—13 mm. Hab. Lower California. 

An elongate blackish shining species, the body clothed with gray 
pubescence. ‘The sides of prothorax are rounded and the regular punct- 
ulation of the elytra is mixed with a few larger punctures. 

C. 4-plagiata, Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 189. 
Length .40 inch. = 10 mm. Hab. Lower California, 


The color is dark brown, each elytron bearing two quadrate pale 


aL ae 


spaces, The larger punctures in this as in the preceding species support 
flying hairs which are not however very long or as conspicuous as in the 
polished species of Heterachthes. 


HETERACHTHES. Newn. 


The species of this genus are strongly allied to the preceding and 
~ are easily known by the very elongate form, the large and coarsely granu- 
lated eyes and strongly clavate thighs, ‘The antennz Q are slender, but 
the joints 3—6 in are remarkably thickened uniformly throughout 
the length of each joint. Three species are recognized as follows: 


SYNOPSIS OF HETERACHTHES. 


Femora strongly clavate; elytra shining, with paler markings; 


Prothorax roughly punctate without callosities..............200.-..-0.- nobilis. 
Prothorax with a few piliterous punctures and callosities at middle... ....... 
quadrimaculatus. 

Femora less incrassated; elytra opaque black.......2..0...00.--0ccseseee ebenus. 


H. nobilis, Lec. Proc, Ac. Phil, 1862, p. 41. 
Length .50 inch. = 123mm. Hab. Texas, 

This species is the largest of the three. The prothorax is trans- 
versely impressed before and behind as in the following. ‘The elytra are 
ornamented with two pale fascia, one before the middle interrupted at 
the suture and one behind the middle, angulated in front. 

H. 4-maculatus, Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. 1862, p. 43; Lec., J.A.P., ser. 2, 
Lp 23. 
Length .30 —.45 inch. = 73—11 mm, Hab. Penn., Mo. 

Varies considerably in the markings,. ‘The general color above is 
darkish testaceous with paler spots, 

H. ebenus, Newn. Ent. p. 9; Hald., Trans. Am, Phil. X, 1847, p. 43; Lec. 
J.A.P., ser. 2, I, p. 23; dimidiaticornis Dej. Cat. 3. ed. p. 359. 
Length .42 inch, = 10} mm. Hab. Southern States. 

Very easily known by the opaque black color and structural charact- 
ers named above. 

PLECTROMERUS, Lec. 


Contains one species: 

P. dentipes, Oliv. Encycl. Méth. V, 1790, p. 268; Ent. 1V, 70, p. 29; scambus 
Newn., Ent. p. 79; Lec., J.A.P., ser. 2, II, p. 22. 

Length .40 inch = 10mm, Hab. Georgia, Florida, - 

The form of this species is cylindrical and the surface is polished 
and glabrous. Prothorax nearly straight on sides. Antenne with 4th 
joint much shorter than 5th. Thighs suddenly clavate armed beneath 
with a broad tooth which is larger than in Curius. Color testaceous, 
the elytra with two fuscuous bands. 


—136— 


CURIUS, Newn. 
C. dentatus, Newn. Ent. p. 17; Dej. Cat. 3. ed., p 358; concinnatus Hald. 
Trans. Am, Phil. X, 1847, p. 43. 
Length .24 inch. =6mm. Hab, Florida, 

Form depressed, surface dull, slightly pubescent. Color pale brown, 
the elytra with three longitudinal darker spots. ‘The eyes are coarsely 
granulated, the antennz slender, longer than the body, annulated, finely 
punctulate and pubescent. 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. 


1 Dicenthrus Bluethneri. 12 Curius dentatus, * 

2 Eburia 4-geminata. 13 Peecilobrium chalybeum. * 
3 Elaphidion rufulum. 14 Fumichthus cedipus. * 

4 sf parallelum. 15 Phyton pallidum. 

5 Aneflus protensus, 16 Obrium rubrum. * 

6 Eustroma validum, * 17 Hybodera tuberculata. 

7 Tylonotus bimaculatus. 18 Megobrium Edwardsii.* 
8 Zamodes obscurus. 19 Callimoxys sanguinicollis, 
9g Compsa puncticollis.* 20 Molorchus bimaculatus. 
10 Heterachthes 4-maculatus, 22 Ancylocera bicolor. 


11 Plectromerus dentipes. * 


* The drawings for this figure we owe to the kindness of Dr. Horn. 
OS 


In a specimen of JJonilema sent me as semipunctatum I observe a 
strange aberration. ‘The tarsus of one hind leg is five-jointed, the first 
four joints being quite equal in length but each shorter than usual so 
that the four occupy only the length that the usual three would do. The 
final joint is of the usual size. The spongy pubescence which covers the 3d 
joint only, on the normal tarsus, is in the other spread over all four joints 
and reaches even the tip of the tibia. In view of the well established theory 
. that such aberrations are a reversion to an ancestral type more or less re- 
mote, this specimen would be a further indication that the Longicorns are 
descended from individuals possessing five jointed tarsi. Cuas, W. Lene. 





Not everybody knows the qualifications required to make a good 
Entomologist, but we have recently discovered one not previously known 
to us, and which might prove interesting. A well known Coleopterist re- 
joices not only in a fine collection, but in a little six year old son who 
takes a great interest in his father’s coliection and in his callers as well. 
Recently came a visitor who was viewed by the youngster with a great 
deal of interest and curiosity. After he had left, the boy sidled up to his 
father and said confidentially; ‘‘Papa! that wasn’t areal one; was it?” 
‘‘What do you mean?” said the astonished father. ‘‘He collect insects; 
don’t he?” ‘Yes, certainly.” “But he isn’t a real collector; not a genuine 
one I mean!” ‘‘But why not?” ‘‘Because he has too much hair on his 
head: all the real ones have very little!” said the youngster decidedly. 


—137— 


Huebner’s Tortricids. 


By Pror. C. H. Fernatp, State CoLtLece, Orono, Me. 


The time of publication of some of Hiibner’s works has been a mat- 
ter of no little investigation on the part of entomologists, and many pa- 
pers have appeared’on this subject, in the European Journals. I have 
thus far interested myself only so faras pertained to the Tortricids, that I 
might get the most accurate information, in the matter of priority, for 
my work on the revision of this group. 

Hiibner published in his Sammlung Europdaischer Schmetterlinge, 
forty-six plates containing two hundred and ninety-one colored figures of 
European Tortricids, and Carl Geyer who continued the work after the 
death of Hiibner in 1826, published seven plates of Tortricids, contain- 
ing forty-nine colored figures. 

Mr. S. H. Scudder stated in his historical sketch of the genera of 
Butterflies, page 98, that Dr. Hagen told him the works of Hiibner were 
in their original wrappers in the Konigliche Bibliothek in Berlin. Wish- 
ing to get what help might be obtained from this source, I wrote to my 
kind friend Mr. O. Budy in Berlin, who went to the Royal Library and 
examined Hibner’s works for me. He writes that Hiibner’s part of the 
Sammiung is not in the original wrappers, but the continuation of the 
same by Geyer is still in the wrappers of which there are two. In look- 
ing over the volumes of Hiibner, Mr. Budy found several prospectuses 
by Hiibner himself, bound in the last volume. These were carefully 
copied and sent to me and they furnish some additional evidence bearing 
on the date of the publication of Hiibners works; but at present I shall 
mainly make use of what pertains to tne Tortricids. 

The first prospectus is without date but gives a list of Hibner’s 
works then for sale, and from the Sammlung, only the Pyralids, twenty 
plates, and the Sphinges, sixteen plates, are offered. The dates of these are 
there given as 1796, so that whatever may have been the date of this pro- 
spectus, 1796 may be regarded as the date of the first twenty plates of the 
Pyralids and the first sixteen plates of the Sphinges. The statement is 
also made on this prospectus that the Tortricids and Tineids will appear 
very soon, therefore it must have been /aér than 1796, when they were 
published. 

The second prospectus is dated Augsburg Dec. 21, 1806, and adver- 
tises four hundred and seventy-five colored plates of the Sammlung, with 
title page and text, but does not state what the plates are. The third 
prospectus, dated 1807, advertises four hundred and ninety-seven plates 
etc. The fourth, dated 1809 is also of little value for our purpose, It 
advertises 34 4-5, fifteen plate issues. The fifth prospectus is dated Augs- 

ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 21 


—138— 


burg Dec. 22, 1823, and advertises for sale such of Hiibner’s works as 
had appeared up to that time, and states of the Sammlung, that there 
were the title page, twenty-five pages of descriptive matter and six hund- 
red and sixty-three plates, namely: Papilio 161; Sphinx 34; Bombyx 
67; Noctua 151; Geometra 100; Pyralis 30; Tortrix 46; Tinea 67; Al- 
ucita 7. This is signed by Hiibner himself. 

The first part of Geyer’s contribution is stil] in the original wrappers 
dated Augsburg 1830, and contains the Tortricids, plates 48 to 52 inclu- 
sive, with title, preface and two sheets of text. The second part of the 
continuation is in the original wrappers dated Augsburg 1834, and con- 
tains five plates of the Noctuids, Nos. 158 to 162. Inthe same wrap- 
pers is contained a prospectus of the whole work dated Augsburg, Jan. 1, 
1834, giving the prices and signed by Carl Geyer. In this are adver- 
tised, fifty-three plates of the Tortricids, all that were ever published, with 
the number of plates of the other families. 

A careful examination of the contemporaneous works is of import- 
ance in this question and I have looked over all that I have access to. 
In Illiger’s edition of the Verzeichniss der Wiener Gegend which bears 
the date of 1801, there is a notice in the first volume as follows:—“The 
2nd volume (that containing the Tortricids) is already in press. Ostern, 
1800.” Now this second volume contains reference to the first thirty 
plates of Hiibner’s Tortricids and as it was already in press in 1800, these 
plates must have been issued de/ore 1800, but from the first prospectus 
mentioned above, they must have been issued Zafer than 1796. 

The portion of Haworth’s Lepidoptera Britanica which includes the 
Tortricids,—as shown by the original wrappers in the Banksian Library 
in London, —was published in 1811 and contains references only to the 
first thirty plates of the Tortricids in the Sammlung. Whether there 
were any more published at that time I have no means now of determin- 
ing but of course Haworth had seen no more. 

Charpentier and Sommer’s Ziinsler, Wicker etc. published in 1821, 
contains references to plate 40, so that this plate must have been in their 
hands at that time and the first 40 plates must have been published be- 
fore 1821. On the 22d of December 1823, Hiibner advertises the first 
46 plates of his Tortricids for sale as shown above by the fifth prospectus. 
We may reasonably infer that this last date is the time of publication of 
plates 41 to 46 inclusive. 

Hiibner’s Verzeichniss contains references to the plates of the Tor- 
tricids up to and including plate 46, and yet this work purports to 
have been published in 1816, We see no way to explain this discrep- 
ancy except to agree with Scudder that the Verzeichniss was published in 
parts and that only the first part with the title page really appeared in 


1826, and the part which includes the Tortricids, could not have been 
published earlier than 1823 and perhaps later than this. 

Frélich, in his Enumeratio Tortricum, published in 1828, refers to 
the first 46 plates but not to the 47th. Treitschke in Die Schmetterlinge 
von Europa, Vol. V. published in 1830, (the preface 1s dated Dec. 1829), 
refers to this 47th plate, so we may feel sure it was published late in 1828 
or early in 1829, after Frolich’s work but before Treitschke’s. The con- 
temporaneous French and English works afford no assistance for their 
authors do not appear to have received Hibner’s works for some little 
time after their appearance. 

Plates 48 to 52 inclusive, of the Tortricids were published in 1830 
as shown by the date on the original wrappers in the Royal Library in 
Berlin. Plate 53, the final one of the Tortricids in the Sammlung, is re- 
ferred to by Treitschke in his Supplement, Part 3, published May roth, 
1835, but this plate was first offered for sale by Geyer in his prospectus 
dated Jan. 1, 1834 which must be regarded as the time it was published. 

Summing up the above, the dates of publication of the Tortricids in 
Hiibner’s Sammlung Europaischer Schmetterlinge are as follows: 

Plates 1-30 incl. were publ. later than 1796 and earlier than 1800. 

“31-40 ‘ ne is TOwlE. 1820. 
SANT AN) ce ae Dec, 22,3023; 
** 47 was published late in 1828 or early in 1829. 
‘“« 48-52 inclusive were published in 1830. 
** 53 was published Jan. 1, 1834. 
$a 0 0 
The Present Status and Future Prospects of Silk Culture 
in the United States.* 
By C. V. Ritey 
The subject is discussed under the following heads: 
The adaptability of the U. S, to Silk-culture, 
Silk-culture in the Gulf States. 
Silk-culture on the Pacific coast. 
. Profits of Silk-culture. 
Necessity for a home market for the cocoons. 
The prospects of establishing a market by private enterprise. 
The practical outcome of the efforts by the Department of Agriculture 
in promoting Silk-culture under present restrictions. 
The paper deals with the above named subjects in detail and the es- 
sential conclusions are: 

1. The adaptability of our country to Silk-culture is proven beyond 

all question. 





* Abstract of a paper read at the recent meeting of the Am. Ass. Ady. Sc. 


—140— 


2. That the profits are so small that by far the larger proportion of 
those who become interested abandon the culture after the first year. 

3. That the present encouragement given by Congress through the 
Department of Agriculture has been productive of good in that it has en- 
abled the establishment of three reeling centres, one at Philadelphia, one 
at New Orleans and one at San Francisco, which are in active operation 
and furnish a home market for cocoons. 

4. That there is great difficulty in carrying on the experiment on 
true business principles because of the law which prevents the Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture from selling the products of these reels and thus 
utilizing the income. 

5. That this encouragement has intensified the interest felt in the 
subject, but that it can endure only so long as Congress chooses to con- 
tinue the appropriation. This, once withdrawn, will precipitate a 
reaction. 

6. Finally, that no permanent advantage can be secured until tariff 
egislation gives real encouragement to the industry and recognizes the 
fact that so-called ‘‘raw silk” is a manufactured article and should, if 
other manufactured articles are protected, receive like protection. 


—_ > Se 


Society News. 


Brooklyn Entomological Society, September 1, 1885.—Twenty-six mem- 
bers and visitors present. Mr. J. B. Smith in the chair. Mr. Leng the curator 
reported large accessions to the cabinet, and progress in arranging the material. 
‘The Society has now an almost complete collection of the Cicindelide and Car- 
abide of the vicinity of N.Y. Mr, Hulst, the librarian reported large accessions 
through exchanges and that books had been re-arranged und newly catalogued. 

Lt. T. L. Casey was elected a life member of the Society. Mr, O. Dietz was 
proposed for membership by Mr. Julich, and Mr. Adrian T. Birkhoff by Mr. 


Weeks. 
The resignation of Mr. L. C. Schenk was presented and accepted. Mr. 


Leng read a paper on ‘‘Hypocephalus armatus’’.* My. Smith gave an account of 
the meetings of the Entomological Club of the A. A. A.S., and called attention to 
some interesting facts presented, and stated they would be published. A discus- 
sion was had over the peculiar structural modification of Cosmosoma omphale in 
which Messrs. Hulst, Leng, Neumoegen, Graef, Weeks and Smith participated. 
Mr. Hulst exhibited a suffused specimen of Danais archippus Myr. Doll says a 
damp cyanide bottle will produce the same effect. Mr. Mohns has seen just 
such specimens on the wing and does not believe in its being the effect of cya- 
nide. A discussion was had in reference to the action of cyanide in changing 
colors of insects. Myr. Waters exhibited specimens of Saturnia galbina and states 
that these are the imagines belonging to the cocoon exhibited at the May meeting 
of the Society but he cannot account for the presence of Anisota Heiligbrodtii, in 
the box, as there seemed to be no other kinds of cocoons. 


*This will appear in full in a future number, 








VOL. I. BROOKLYN, NOVEMBER, 1885. NO. 8. 





The North American Myriapoda. 


By Lucien M. UNDERWOOD, PH.D. 


In order to call the attention of collectors to this interesting though 
much neglected group of Arthropoda the following outline sketch of the 
literature of the American species and synopsis of the genera heretofore 
recognized in America have been prepared. ; 

The first paper of importance was published in 1821 by Thomas 
Say’, describing fifteen species half of which will probably stand as good 
species in the genera in which they were originally described and others 
in genera established later. 

Nothing more of importance appeared until 1844, when George 
Newport’ published his extensive Monograph in which five American 
species were described together with the new genera, Zheafops and Scolo- 
pocrypiops to which some of Say’s species were referred. 

Girard’, in 1853, described Scolopendra heros, the ‘‘centipede” of 
the South-West, and two species of Zu/us. Three years later Sager* gave 
three almost unintelligible descriptions of Myriapoda giving neither 
structural characters nor localities. Two of the three species, have, how- 
ever, been identified by later writers. 


1 Thomas Say. Descriptions of the Myriapodz of the United States. Jour. 
Phila. Acad. II, 102—114, 1821 (Reprinted in Collected Writings, Edited by Le- 
conte, II, 24—32). 

2 George Newport. Monograph of the class Myriapoda, Order Chilopoda. 
Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX, 265—302, 349—439, 1845. 

3 Charles Girard Myriapods. Appendix F to Marcy’s Report on Red River 
Expedition, 243—246, Plate, 1853. 

4 Ab. Sager. Descriptions of three Myriapoda, Proc. Phila. Acad. VIII, 
109, 1856. 


—I42— 


In 1861, H.C. Wood’, better known by his work on the Fresh 
Water Algze, commenced a series of papers which culminated in a mono- 
graph, ‘‘The Myriapoda of North America”, published in 1865, the 
most important paper ever published on the subject in this country. In 
the first paper he describes four species of Sco/opendra from America be- 
sides numerous exotic species. 


In 1862 Dr. Koch® published his monograph of the genus Zithodbius 
in which he described Z mordax and JL. transmarinus from Louisiana. 


Then follows the remainder of Wood’s papers. His paper on the 
Chilopoda appeared in 1863, in which he describes twenty-six new 
species from America together with the new genera, Bothropolys and Opis. 
themega. In 1864 three papers appeared in the Proceedings of the 
Philadelphia Academy; the first on the Polydesmide@, describes ten new 
species; the second on /u/id@, describes eleven species of /u/us and three 
of Spirobolus; the third describes the new genera, Octoglena and Brachy- 
cybe with O. bwirgata and &. LeContei, new species. In 1865 appeared 
his chief work ‘‘The Myriapoda of North America” published by the 
American Philosophical Society in quarto with three plates; this work 
describes all the genera and species known to inhabit the United States 
at that time, amounting to eighteen genera and ninety-two species. In 
1867 two additional papers were published, describing new species from 
Texas and California, the former with four species the latter with six 
species. 


> Horatio C. Wood Jr. Descriptions of new-species of Scolopendra in the Col- 
lection of the Academy, Proc. Phila. Acad. 1861, 10—15. 
On the Chilopoda of North America with Catalogue of all the specimens 
in the Collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Jour. Phila. Acad. n.s. V, 5—42, 
1363. 








Descriptions of new specizs of North American Polydesmidze. Proc. 
Phila. Acad. 1864, 6-10. 

Descriptions of new species of North American Iulidz. Proc. Phila. 
Acad. 1864, 1o—15. 








Descriptions of new genera and species of North Anferican Myriapoda. 
Proc. Phila. Acad. 1864, 186—187. 

The Myriapoda of North America, Trans. Amer, Philos. Soc. XIU, 
137—248, 3 plates, 1865. 








Descriptions of new species of Texan Myriapoda. Proc. Phila. Acad, 
1867, 42—44. 

Notes on a collection of California Myriapoda, with descriptions of new 
Eastern species. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1867, 127-—130. 





6 Ludwig Koch. Die Myriapodengattung Lithobius. pp. 94, two plates. Nurn- 
berg, 1862. 


—143- ae 


There next appeared a paper published by E. D. Cope’ in 1869 on 
the extinct Mammalia of the cave formations of the United States giving 
a short account of the cave Myriapoda; in this he describes five new 
species with the new genera Pseudotremia and Andrognathus, In 1870 a 
second paper appeared on the Myriapoda of the Alleghanies describing a 
new genus and species Pe/aserfes rosalbus. 

The year 1870 ushers in the first representative of a new order of 
Myriapoda; Dr. Packard* in two short papers notes the discovery of 
Pauropus in Massachusetts—a type of minute Myriapoda on which 
Lubbock had founded the order Pauropoda. 

In the year 1872 Meinert® described Lethobius vorax from Louisiana; 
Harger™ published a paper describing seven new species and the new 
genus Zrichopetalum; and Cope’ in a paper on the fauna of the Wyan- 
dotte cave described the new genus Scoferpes. 

Another paper by Packard appeared in 1874 on ‘‘Myriapods from 
Colorado” published in Hayden’s Annual Report; new forms were de- 
scribed but no new species named. 

In 1875 Anton Stuxberg" published two valuable papers on the 
North American Lithobud@, the first describing eight new species of 
Lithobius, the second enumerating all the species of North America, 
twenty-four in number including five from Mexico. 

Packard” again in 1877 described Poddesmus cavicola trom Utah, 
and Murray” described Brachycybe rosea from California. 


7 Edward D. Cope. Synopsis of the extinct Mammalia of the Cave Formations 
of the United States with observations on some Myriapoda found in and near the 
same etc. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XI, 171—192, 1869. 

On some new and little known Myriapoda from the Southern Alleghanies. 
Trans. Amer, Entom. Soc. III, 65—67, 1870. 
On the Wyandotte Cave and its Fauna. Amer. Nat. VI, 1872. 

8 A. S. Packard Jr. New or rare Neuroptera, Thysanura and Myriapoda. 
Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. XIII, 4o5—q11. 1870. 

A remarkable Myriapod, Amer, Nat. IV, 621. 1870. 

® Fr. Meinert. Myriapoda Museei Havniensis. I. Geophili. Naturhist. Tidsskr. 
3 R. VII, 1871.—II. Lithobiini. Ibid VIII, 1873. 

10 Q. Harger. Descriptions of new North American Myriapods. Amer. Jour. 
Science and Arts, 3rd series, IV, 116—121, plate, 1872. 

11 A, Stuaberg. Nya Nordamerikanska Lithobier. Ofversigt k. Vetensk. Akad. 
Férhandl, XXXII, No. 2, 65—72. 1875. 

Lithobioidz Americe borealis. Ibid. XXXII, No. 3, 23—32. 1875. 

12 A. 8. Packard Jr. On a new cave fauna in Utah. Bull. U.S. Geol. 

Survey (Hayden) III, 1877. 














13° Andrew Murray. Economic Entomology. Part I, Aptera. London, 1877. 


> —144— 


In 1878 J. A. Ryder” notices the discovery of a second species of 
Pauropoda in America. —Pauropus Huxleyt, hitherto known only from 
England; in 1879 the discovery of a third forming a new genus Lury- 
pauropus; and in 1881 he gives a list of the Lyszopetalidae of North America 
adding a new genus and species, Zygonopus Whiter. 

Packard* published three papers in 1883, the first describing Pody- 
desmus ocellatus (since referred by Stuxberg to Craspedosomu); the second 
a revision of the Lysiope/alide, a most important addition to our litera- 
ture, giving a summary of the information at hand and founding the new 
genus Cryplotrichus on Spirostrephon cesioannulatus Wood; the last isa 
short paper on the Morphology of the Myriapoda. 


Finally in 1884 Latzel*® in his masterly work on the Myriapoda of 
Austro-Hungary has given some notes on American species notably the 
so-called Lysiopetalide. His criticisms will be found stated below. 

Such is the principal literature on the subject to date, to say nothing 
of many shorter notes on distribution, structure and classification that 
have appeared in various periodicals and other publications. 

The European species have been carefully studied by Meinert’’ 
1866—1868, Fanzago* 1874, Latzel’® 1880—1884, and others. The 
work of the last named author is the most important contribution toa 
knowledge of the Myriapoda that has appeared for a long time. It is 


14 John A. Ryder. Discovery of two remarkable genera of minute Myriapods 
in Fairmount Park. Amer, Nat. XIJ, 557—558. 1878 
Notice of a new Pauropod etc. Proc. Phila. Acad. 1879, 139, 164. 
An account of a new genus of minute Pauropod Myriapods. Amer. Nat. 
XIII, 603—612. 1879. 

-—— A third locality for Eurypauropus. Amer. Nat, XIU. 703. 1879. 
List of the North American species of the Lysiopetalidze, (with a blind 
form Zygonopus, n. g.). Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, III, 520—531. 1881. 

15 A, 8, Packard Jr. Anew Polydesmus with eyes. Amer. Nat. XVII, 1883. 
A Revision of the Lysiopetalida, a family of Chilognath Myriopoda, with 
a notice of the genus Cambala. Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. XXI, 177—197. 1883. 
On the Morphology of the Myriopoda. Ibid, XXI, 197—209. 1883. 

16 Robert Latzel. Die Myriapoden der Oesterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie. 
Erste Hiilfte: Die Chilopoden, pp. 228, plates I—X, Wien, 1880,—Zweite Hiilfte: 
Die Symphylen, Pauropoden und Diplopoden, pp. 414, plates I—X VI, Wien, 1884. 

17 V, Berasew og Fr. Meinert. Danmarks Geophiler. Naturhist. Tidsskr. 
3 R., IV, 1866-7. 

Fr. Meinert. Danmarks Chilognather. Ibid. V, 1—32. 1868. 

Danmarks Scolopendrer og Lithobier. Ibid. V, 241—268. 1868. 
18 F. Funzago. 1 Chilopodi Italiani, Atti d. Soc. Ven.-Trent. III, fase. 1, 


1874. 























I Chilognathi Italiani, Ibid. III, fasc. 2, 1874. 


—145— 


finely illustrated by twenty-six plates that might well serve as a model for 
American monographers. Very few species appear to be common to 
the United States and Europe. The genera however are much the same, 
the greater number found in Europe being due to the more advanced 
state of the study there. 


The Myriapoda may be conveniently grouped in three orders* as 
follows: 


A.—Body composed of 6—10 segments; antennz 5-jointed; bifid, bearing three long 


jointed appendages; nine pairs of legs; species minute, 0.5—1.5 mm. long...... 
I. PAUROPODA. 


Antennze simplesispecies on mediumor large SiZepamnme eee sie oer erseiats Bi 
b. —Body more or less cylindric or half-cylindric; head normally composed of three 
segments; antennz 7— 8-jointed; mouth parts consisting of protomalz** (man- 


dibles) and deutomalze (labium); two pairs of legs to each segment............ 
II. DIPLOPODA. 


Body usually flattened; head normally composed of five segments; antenne 
12—70-jointed; mouth parts consisting of protomale (mandibles), deutomale 
(1st maxillze) and two pairs of malipedes (auxiliary lips); one pair of legs to each 
SE SIMON eee Nerpe terete rar er atonclcs oncliss elo one 1c! =: 2 AONE eetee III. CHILOPODA. 


i. PAUROPODA. 


The Pauropoda contain two wel! marked families as follows: 


Segments ten, not sculptured above; head and legs not concealed by projecting scuta; 
Color palemotions|agileme satya eisie ails = «sinc epee ete Fam. Pauropodidae. 


Segments six, tuberculate or sculptured above; body depressed, three times as wide 
as high; head and legs concealed by projection of segments; color reddish; 
MOONS SlOWs pyro eae eet ie rare = ols: < & sees, a ahem Fam. Eurypauropodidae. 
The first family, Pauropodidae Lubbock, contains a single genus 

Pauropus Lubbock, with two American species. The second, Lurypau- 

ropodidae Ryder, contains the genera Lurypauropus Ryder, with one 

American species and Brachypauropus Latzel, as yet found only in 

Europe. 

The entire number of Pauropoda described is seven as may be seen 
from the following table. 


* Dr. Packard though originally accepting Lubbock’s order Pauropoda is now 
disposed to unite it to the Diplopoda as a suborder. It is perhaps better for the 
present to retain this group in the form Lubbock first placed it. For Packard’s later 
views cf. Proc. Amer, Philos. Soc. X XI, 204. 


** For a discussion of these organs the reader is referred to Dr. Packard’s paper: 
“On the Morphology of the Myriapoda’’, before quoted. 


—146— 

















Genera. Total Species | European. American. | Common to both. 
Pauropus 3 2 2 | I 
Brachypauropus I I aa | e 
Hurypauropus 8 3 I | I 

Mowmars: a 6 3 | 2 








ti. DIPLOPODA, 


The order Diplopoda contains the following families: —Polyxenidae, 
Polyzonidae, Glomeridae, Polydesmidae, Chordeumidae, Lystopetahdae and 
Lulidae. Vhe first and second of these Latzel places in the suborders 
Pselaphognatha and Colobognatha respectively. The remaining families 
constitute the Chilognatha proper. All except the Glomeridae* have been 
reported from North America. The families may be distinguished as 
follows: 

A.— Body small (2.5 mm. long), soft-skinned, more or less scaly or covered in parts 


by bushy hair; protomalze without stipes, uncovered; anus in the penultimate 


segment; odoriferous glands wanting; 13 pairs of legs... Ham. 1. Polyxenidae. 


Body covering crustaceous; legs not less than 17 pairs.................... B. 


bB.—Head small, triangular; mouth more or less rostrate, thus appearing suctorial; 
protomalze small; deutomalz obsolete or wanting..... Fam, 2. Polyzonidae. 


Mouth parts masticatory; protomalz large; deutomale well developed...... C. 


C.—Body composed of 19g—20 segments; scuta often projecting laterally, forming 


laminz; legs 28—31 pairs; eyes wanting.......... Fum. 3. Polydesmidae. 
Body composed of about 30 segments, frequently setose; legs 4o—50 pairs; eyes 
UEUEMI IZ Tohisvubatets Sapigg sas ahes oo sodad Sa eee Fam. 4. Chordeumidae. 
Body segments indefinite alwaysimore| than 30... 22. + Je..5 sei ee 1D: 


D.—Body long, slender, tapering; scuta usually deeply furrowed; antennz long, 
slender, the seventh segment short and conic; legs very long, the eighth pair 
only modified in the <j’, the seventh and ninth pairs normal; sterna free...... 

Fam. 5. Lysiopetalidae. 


Scuta moderately if at all furrowed, carinate or warty; antennz and legs short 
or only moderately long; both pairs of legs of seventh segment of <j’ modified; 
sterna at least of anterior segments united so as to form complete rings........ 

Fum. 6, Tulidae. 


* The Glomerid@ of all Myriapods most resemble the pill-bugs or sow-bugs 
(Oniscide@) in their general features and habits. They may be distinguished from 
other Myriapods by their short body composed of 11—13 segments, and by having 
only 17—23 pairs of legs. 


—147— 


Family 1. POLYXENIDAE Gray and Jones. 

This family contains the single genus Polywenus Latr , of which we 
have one species P. /usciculatus Say, distributed from Massachusetts to 
Georgia. 

Fumily 2. POLYZONIDAE Gervais. 

This family contains four American genera with tive species; the 

genera may be distinguished as follows: 


A. —Sixth and seventh joints of antenna: confluent with the fifth and with it forming 


ayclubsibodveseome:nts SOmmeraen= <2...) eee Andrognathus Cope.* 1 sp. 
jjomis/ofantennce normal nottorming, a Clubman ae oe jue oe eee ees B. 

B. —Eyes wanting; rostrum shorter than the antenne. ...Brachycybe Wood.** 2 sp. 
Ey Eshpresenitvec ONSPICNOUS Merete cin. <|,'.. + =.- Se eer eral haat eee Cr 

Gz Byes os bodyisegiments\about ages. 40... .. seen Gctoglena Wood, 1 sp. 


Eyes 2; antenne large and stout; body segments 50—53..... Je, ey Sees 
Petaserpes Cope. I sp. 
Fumily 3. POLY DESMIDAE Leach. 

The Poljdesmidae*of this country have all been described under 
Polydesmus Latr.} of which twenty-one species are recorded. Strongylo- 
soma Brandt, Fonfarta Gray and perhaps other groups ranked as sub- 
genera by Wood, will take generic rank; until, however, a careful study 
of the types can be made it will be best to leave the species in the orig- 
inal genus under which they have been described. 

Family 4. CHORDEUMIDAE C. Koch. 

With some hesitation I place in this family most of the forms hitherto 
ranked as Lystopefalidae by American writers, In this I follow Dr. Latzel 
whose important work has been noticed above. Ina note on the American 
Chordeumidaet}~ he unites Scoferpes Cope and Zygonopus Ryder and places 
them as a subgenus of Craspedosoma Leach-Rawlins.  Zrichopetalum 
Harger he also regards as forming part of Craspedosoma, and Pseudotremia 
Cope, he would place near the same genus. Crypiotrichus Packard, he 
places near Campodes Koch. The form of ‘‘Polydesmus with eyes” re- 
cently described by Packard,{ Latzel{{ states is properly one of the 


* Forming according to Cope (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. XI, 182) the type of a 
new family Andrognathide. 
** Latzel unites Brachycybe Wood with Platydesmus Lucas. The latter genus 
has priority. 
+ An apparent exception is Stenonia hispida Sager, Proc. Phila, Acad, VIII, 
109 (1856). This undoubtedly belongs to Polydesmus though the description is very 
imperfect. 
tt Die Myriapoden der Oest,-Ungar. Monarchie, I, pp. 213—214 (1884). 
t American Naturalist XVII, 428 (1883). 
f{ Latzel, loc. cit. p. 125, note. 


—148— 


Chordeumidae and Stuxberg has referred this also to Craspedosoma. In the 
light of these criticisms it will appear that this family needs another re- 
vision. Until this can be made it will be best to leave the genera as Dr. 
Packard has arranged them. JI therefore append Dr. Packard’s table as 
given in the Transactions Amer. Philos. Soc. XXI, p. 178, omitting of 
course Lysiopetalum which forms a family of its own.* 


A.—Body not setose; antennz long; eighth pair of legs of <¥' modified, six jointed; 


cenitalvarmatunersmiallls2y.. c weenie eters cre e)-te fe Pseudotremia Cope. I sp. 

BOG ASELOSE Reiter pe deic tees cious. eo) SEER Vet pebeia= 2 sath aia ae acts eee eee B. 
B.—Body short and thick; eyes triangular; antennz slender; sete one-fifth as long 
as) poayAs) thicks) legs short. sete «ii - 1-1 Cryptotrichus Packard. I sp. 

Body short and fusiform; eighth pair of legs of ¢{ two-jointed; setz half as long 

SMD OGWAISHE DICK wee er chcata\- ate Benes ehbielel Trichopetalum Harger. 3 sp. 


Body slender; eighth pair of legs of ({' two-jointed ending in a claw; sete very 
lone RSEVELESSy etic hs. EEE cfeisietste ere eis ye ats Scoterpes Cope. I sp. 


Like Scoterpes; setze a little shorter; sixth pair of legs of °¥ greatly swollen. .... 
Zygonopus Ryder. I sp. 


Fumily 5. LYSIOPETALIDAE Wood. 
This family as now restricted consists of the single genus Lystopefa- 
lum Brandt, with a single species Z. /acfartum Packard, the form origin- 
ally described by Say as Ludus lactarius. 
Family 6. T1\ULIDAE Leach. 
The three American genera of /ulidae may be characterized as 


follows: 
A.—Body long and slender; segments 59; scuta strongly carinate; antennz short 
and thick. eyesmmrailineariSemesriser stoic sls\s2 5 charm Cambala Gray. I sp. 
Scitamotstronviy, Carmate ss s/aeew anise) sicls =o e/= caiess «> oiako cyt ela ee B. 


B.-—Scutum of second segment produced at the sides so as to reach the head; antennz 
short and thick, the joints shorter than broad....... Spirobolus Brandt. 5 sp. 
Scutum of second segment not produced; antennze more slender; the joints 
much longer than broad................ ark) Me aera Iulus Brandt. 19 sp. 


lll. CHILOPODA. 


The Myriapods of this order are comprised in four well marked 
families all of which are represented in North America; they may be 
separated as follows; 


* Talso append Latzel’s diagnosis of Craspedosoma. Corpus subteres et plus 
minusve iuliforme. Segmenta carinis evanescentibus aut nullis, tuberculis vel granulis 
senis setigeris majoribus vel minoribus ornata et sulco medio, longitudinali exarata. 
Oculi plerumque distincti. Antennce longer et tenues, articulo tertio maximo. Pedum 
paria feminee (plerumque) 50, maris 48; pedes longi. Mas: Pedum paria duo in or- 
gana copulativa commutata. 


—149— 


A.—Dorsal scuta 8; antenne long, setaceous; legs long; tarsi many-jointed.... 
Kum. 1. Scutigeridae. 


Worsaliscutay enor mores tarsi 3-jointed.. 2 femigemarWe/- sisteisiacih qlee aki -1ae B. 
B.—Feet-bearing segments 4o—150; antennee 14-jointed..... Fam. 2. Geophilidae. 
Feet-bearing segments 20—25; antennz 17—30-jointed..................-. 


Kum. 3. Scolopendridae. 

Feet-bearing segments less than 20; dorsal scuta in two sets, a smaller alternat- 

HN Cap wiIe Nlged) Lens LC Tepe vena reyien eee iiss! 10-121 =) 1) aemtepenetetete sake Fum. 4. Lithobiidae. 
Family 1. SCUTIGERIDAE Gervais. 

The family Scutigeridae consists of a single genus Scutigera Lam., 
better known as Cermatia which is a more recent name. ‘T'wo species 
are found in the United States: S. forceps (Cermatia forceps Wood) some- 
what generally distributed east of the Mississippi, and S. Limcect (Cerma 
tia Lincect Wood) from Texas. I have found the former at Bloomington, 
Ill., Philadelphia, Pa., Brooklyn and Utica, N. Y. In Brooklyn it ap- 
pears to be somewhat common in cellars. In Utica a single specimen 
was taken running about the floors of the N. Y. Central station. 


Family 2, GEOPHILIDAE Leach. 
The Geophilidae of North America are divided among three genera 


as follows: 


A.—Cephalic segment elongate; twice as long as broad; antennz approximate...... 
Mecistocephalus Newport. 4 sp. 


Cephalic segment less than twice as long as broad, subquadrate or triangular..B. 


B.—Cephalic segment subquadrate; joints of antenne unequal..............-. 
Geophilus Leach. 6 sp. 


Cephalic segment narrowed in front; body attenuate anteriorly; antenne ap- 
DEOMI ALS wep reunten parece e eect ot sticle 2) 2) «(a eRe ney Strigamia Gray. 16 sp. 
Family 3. SCOLOPENDRIDAE Newport. 
This family contains the species popularly known and sometimes 
foolishly dreaded as ‘‘centipedes”; our genera are four in number and 
may be distinguished as follows.* 


A.—Eyes distinct; feet-bearing segments 21; antennae attenuate, 17—30-jointed..... 
Scolopendra Newport. 9 sp. 


RV OSE Wie TL CEN = eco fer at ee ois) wtt |= o0e ys ee een torerey RSI NG honey ore chatter ae sey EB. 

Bi Heek Dearing: SEOMMENS 2M piels)<) alc <1 «1-/s)- o)- eneesalereley esate a) syesal Sad pees ee G: 
Feet-bearing segments 23; last segment narrow; antennz 17-jointed........... 
Scolopocryptops Newport. 4 sp. 

C.—Last scutum the largest, quadrate........ jee oh Opisthemega Wood. 2 sp. 
Wasiseutum notlarger thanithe others... 2. ce) e-wlent 4: Cryptops Leach. 3 sp. 


* The genus Theatops Newport founded on Cryptops postica Say is doubtless a 
form of Scolopendra. EOcyas 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 23 


—150— 


Funily 4. LITHOBIIDAE Newport. 


This family in some respects the highest of the Myriapoda, contains 

two genera whose characters are given below. 
Ocelli 2—40 each side of head, variously arranged; labrum 3-toothed in the 
TIMI eee eich ac fe ane 522 eo Hee aye stata al ay ots Lithobius* Leach. 18 sp. 


A single large ocelius each side of head; labrum 1-toothed in the middle... 
Henicops Newport (Lamyctes Meinert). 1 sp; 


I have followed Stuxberg and Latzel in uniting Bothropolys Wood 
with Lzthobius. 


This completes the list of genera as now known in North America; 
species and probably genera are waiting discovery and description, for 
as we shall soon show, large areas of our country are still untouched and 
only very limited regions have been worked with any degree of thorough- 
ness, The study of the Myriapods in America is only fairly begun. 


So far we have given only the number of species in each genus. 
The following table will give a summary by families. For contrast tne 
corresponding numbers for a much more limited European area are 
given, namely Austro-Hungary where the Myriapod Fauna has been 
thoroughly studied. The number of species already reported will be seen 
to be 129, distributed among 27 genera. A few of these however repre- 
sent species early and imperfectly described which may not certainly be 
identified be recent writers. 


* Suuxberg (Ofversigt afk. Vetensk. Akad, Forhandl. 1875) has formed six 
subgenera of Lithobius all of which are represented with us. I subjoin his diagnoses. 


1.—Eulithobius Stuxberg. Scuta dorsualia 6, 7, 9, 11, 13 angulis posticis pro- 
ductis. Pori cowales in pedum paribus 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. multidentatus). 


Il.—Neolithobius Stuxberg. Scuta dorsualia 7, 9, 11, 13 angulis posticis pro- 
ductis. Pori coxales in pedum paribus 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. vorax, L. mordax, 
L. transmarinus). 


III.—Lithobius Leach s. str. Scuta dorsualia 9, 11, 13 angulis posticis productis. 
Pori coxales in pedum paribus 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. wanti, L. planus, L. forficatus, 
LL. paucidens, L. pinetorum). 


IV. —Pseudolithobius Stuxberg. Scuta dorsualia 9, 11, 13 angulis posticis pro- 
ductis. Pori coxales in pedum paribus 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. megaloporus). 


V.—Hemilithobius Stuxberg. Scuta dorsualia 11, 13 angulis posticis productis. 
Pori coxales in pedum paribus 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. eucnemis). 


VI.—Archilithobius Stuxberg. Scuta dorsualia omnia angulis posticis rotundatis 
vel subrectis. Pori cowales in pedum paribus 12, 13, 14, 15 (L. bipunctata, ~L. 
monticola, L. pusio, L. Kochii, L. obesus, L. paradoxus, L. bilabiatus). 


—151— 
































NorTH AMERICA. AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 
FAMILIES. a ae rn 
GENERA | SPECIES | GENERA | SPECIES 

PauUrOpodidaeen suerv- caine. I 2 I 2 
Eurypauropodidae. . Bette sy I I 2 4 
ToraL Pauropoda 2 | 3 3 | 6 

Polysxenidaen seis snk oa eciuete teers I I I 1 
Roly Zonidacq seca vaen teins 4 5 I I 
Glomeridacneencaase ren ce — — 2 15 
poly desmidaey yh acuse-isieit- ses, of I 21 4 19 
BaGhordeunndactyrer se uaries mers) an 5 § 4 17 
ysiopetalidaers sus utes sie I I I 7 
lulidae.. ESapMy ieee ee 3 25 3 36 
ToTaL Diplopoda I5 | 61 6 | g6 

MCULIPerIdae sempre ecto: I 2 I I 
Geopnilidaciiee ce cocks luisa 3 26 9 22 
Scolopendridaess...e-e eo. 4 18 3 6 
WItODUGAE OE = ii el aca 2 1g 2 39 
ToTaL Chilopoda 10 | 65 | Pe ee 68 

| 
TOTALS 27 129 cua ee | 0 














In order to show where the species have been most collected the 
following list of states with number of species reported therefrom may be 
of interest. California 27, Pennsylvania 25, Illinois 16, Georgia 13, 
Oregon 12, Virginia 10; Texas 8, New York and Florida each 7, Michi- 
gan 5, Louisiana and Tennessee each 4, Massachusetts and Kentucky 
each 3, Connecticut, New Jersey, Indiana, North Carolina, South Carolina 
and Missouri each 2, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Maryland, District 
of Columbia, Alabama, Mississippi, Minnesota, Arkansas, Kansas, 
Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Washington Territory each 1. It 
will thus be seen that Maine, Vermont, Delaware, West Virginia, Ohio, 
Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Wyomin ng, Nev- 
ada, Indian Territory and Arizona have had no Myriapods reported from 
within their limits. It should be said that several species have never been 
reported definitely in regard to locality. Consequently, in addition to the 
above we must report ‘‘United States” 6, ‘Eastern U.S.” 6, “Western 
U.S.” 1 and “Southern States” 2. 


—152— 


On the Classification of North American Diptera. 
(Third paper. Concluded from p. 116 ante.) 
By Dr. S. W. WI tisTon. 
BERIDINAE., 


Abdomen with seven visible segments in the male, in the fe- 
male with an additional ovipositor. Wings with a stigmatic spot; 
all the posterior veins arise from the discal cell.* -Abdomen flattened. 


Ie Tee; POS erlOrvelns? OCCIPUE falaemeer ci 1a. sl: 1 ttce plese cee reer g 
HOUR PaSteriom veins iSCUtelliimy watnWSIMeSye ree ja) i-to-i febie ateneetl vere 3 
2 —Scutellum with spmes; palpi rudimentary. ... 2.2). Jace tee s- ee Beris Latr. 
Scutellum without spines ( Metoponia Lw., non Macq.)........ Allognosta O.5S. 
3.—Occiput excavated; hind femora thickened at the extremity.....* Neoewairetu O.S. 


Occiput flat, hind femora simple; last two abdominal segments small........... 
Scoliopelta, n. g. 
SARGINAE. 

Body usually elongate; rather small, nearly bare species. Four 
posterior veins, the last one arising from the basal cell, Antennz short, 
the third joint rounded or subquadrate, with an apical or pre-apical 
arista. Scutellum without spines on its border. (Occiput deeply ex- 
cavated, ) 
1.—Anterior ocellus more widely separated than the other two; males holoptic or 

PIVEINODIG Payne eh cteiei ceric: ayes Syerells. SCR ate eps ach ohaes comeco aye etfs & Grete ier alee uy Pe geha rete 2 

Ocellisequidistant more ap proxiimatewewl) sy. ieihe e's feral sere eete ciaisiieteisiere eit 3 
2.__Abdomen contracted toward the base, clavate or pedicillate.. .......... 

Macrosargus Bigot. 

Abdomen not pedicillate in the male, in the female the second segment not con- 


GAVELOMIENEISIG ES sie chaos oes Rp ereteten. cies cle ese. s oie eter .Sargus, Fabr. 

3. --Second antennal joint. prolonged on its inner side into a projection, extending on, 
and closely lyingiupon, the thirdjomt;...-......02)-scsc6 Ptecticus Loew. 
Second omtmno b withisuch}a\projeciomerrr)-\u 29. =) sorts cia eras eee ie 4 
As—Wiales dichopiles eyes Dancin. .:cieiweieericie cscs stoic evens Chrysonotus Loew. 
Malestholopiicsspostenionivelns Wealaarritsscic ss -6 2. a seieeiaeiese a eee 5 
Peeves utniCk ly qpllOSG rire ta\ po seit aE Sep a o's ys hee sien *Chloromyia Dunc. 


Eyes bare, deep metallic species; front very broad in the female; arista terminal; 
abdomen short; eyes of male with an area of enlarged facets above........... 


Microchrysa Loew. 
STRATIOMYINAE. 


Rather large species, the abdomen usually oval and more or less 
thickened. Five posterior cells; often, however, one or more of the three 
veins that arise from the discal cell are faint or entirely rudimentary, and 
the cells hence coalescent: in these cases, the discal cell will usually show 
angulations, indicating the origin of such veins. ‘The last posterior vein 


* This character I have found variable in species of Beris; its precise value in 
some other genera is yet to be decided. 


is nearly always distinct, and arises from the second basal cell. Anterior 

veins often crowded anteriorly. Antenne never with a long or slender 
bristle. 

1.—First antennal joint three or four times as long as the second; scutellum with 

SPIES Meera stinicts ra vareth eral eis che oy'h re sidst ats MPR nacre ltay'« Stratiomyia Geof. 

First antennal joint not three times as long as the second................... 2 

2.— Front projecting below, face much retreating, body narrow, abdomen narrower 

than the thorax, third longitudinal veia not furcate, scutellum with small spines 


(exas Mexico) eis icto tos ci) «cos sia sae .*Myxosargus brauer. 
Front not projecting below, face convex, abdomen short, broad, scutellum usual- 
ly with spines; third longitudinal vein usually furcate.... Odontomyia Meig. 


Genera not yet known to occur in the United States: Chordono/a 
Gerst. (Mexico), Meorondania O.S. (Mexico), Cyphomytxz Wied. (Central 
America, West Indies), and Mothomyia Loew. (Cuba). 

CLITELLARINAE. 

Abdomen short, usually but little longer than broad; four posterior 
veins, all of which arise from the discal cell. Small or moderately large 
species, nearly bare. 

I.—Scutellum without spines; face produced below into a projecting cone; posterior 


Ves Ouwincw weal small Species. . =... oseereeeae Sir dehs Nemotelus Geof. 

Setibe mn wal SpIMes qs eyeraye)-telise <<) «0 A ea fae) Aan eis ae 
2.—Antennz short, with a subterminal bristle ................. Oxycera Migr 
ZT EMMc MMOLE Oh NESSelONGatess WiILMOUt bristle mmnyary ei esicie a ate teers ee 3 

Bea eu CUmie Wither WO! spimessOmetse Order. |, . <1 etnies ei neteie sl a) eres eae rae 4 


Scutellum with six spines. (Scoliopelta). 
4.—Antenne much elongated, style not differentiated, eyes bare, smaller species... . 
Euparhyphus Gerst. 
Antennz less elongate, style more or less differentiated, eyes pilose, larger 
SPECIES) erase rie tga Aamo leit) 5, o's din’ 9, 6 Ree MRRP CS een? Clitellaria Meig. 
Aidonal N.A. genus: ee a Schiner.— Mexico. 
PACHYGASTRINAE. 


Small species, abdomen oval. Three posterior veins, all arising from 


the discal cell. 

1.— Antenne situated near the middle of the face in profile, third joint short, with a 
terminal arista, scutellum without spines........ ..,.,Pachygaster Gerst. 
Antenne situatedvlow downs nearithe mouth). eeemaden ss 5. ics cee aeeace 9 
2.—Third joint of the antennz forked, the upper branch with an apical bristle... ... 
*Chauna Loew. 

Third joint of the antennze elongate, segmentate, scutellum with spines. . 
Acmnihina Ww “Sa 


Additional N.A. genus: C)mipimorpha Brauer, |.c.—Mexico. 
NOTES: 
Subula, Chrysonotus and Chauna are all preoccupied. At least one of these 


of earlier date (Chauna Mllig.) is now in use, and will necessitate a change. 
The only North American species referred to Chloromyia is Sargus viridis 


—154— 


Say (= S. nigribarbis Big.), This species, however, as I identify it, is a true 
Sarqus. 

Sargus trivittatus Say is probably a Ptecticus. S. wanthopus Wied. is, I believe, 
a synonym of S. decorus Say. 

Macrosargus is a genus of doubtful value; some of Loew’s species of Sargus 
belong here. 

Exochostoma caloceps Big., as Osten-Sacken suggests, is probably an Odon- 
tomyia. 

Chrycochlora Lat. (Mexico) is placed by Brauer in a distinct group. 

Scoliopelta n. g. Head similar to that in Beris. Eyes broadly contiguous in 
the male, pilose; ocellar tubercle prominent; face rather small, antennee situated a 
little below the middle in profile, first two joints short, of nearly equal length; third 
joint moderately long, moderately thickened, and then uniformly attenuated to the 
tip, composed of eight segments, without style, first segment longest, about as long as 
the second joint, the following six joints very narrow and distinguishable only with 
difficulty, terminal segment longer; palpi cylindrical, not abbreviated. Scutellum 
nearly as broad as long, sub-triangular, with two larger, approximate spines at its tip, 
and on each side two smaller ones. Abdomen much flattened, nearly circular in out 
line, composed of seven segments, the last two small, the seventh scarcely distinguish- 
able from above. Hypopygium small. Origin of the stem of the second and third 
veins opposite the base of the discal cell; origin of the second vein before the anterior 
cross-vein; the furcation of the third vein near the middle; discal cell with four post— 
erior veins, the third abbreviated before reaching the margin, the first two nearly con- 
tiguous at their origin; fifth posterior cell broadly contiguous at the base with the 
discal cell. Legs a little more slender than in Beris. 

Differs from erzs in the broad short abdomen, the elongate palpi, 

the presence of the third posterior vein, etc. From Actima it differs in 


the holoptic male, the shape of the abdomen, hind femora, etc. 

Scoliopelta luteipes, n. sp. <j. Length 7 mm. Black, legs luteous. Antennz 
about two-thirds as long as the distance from their base to the ocelli. Dorsum of 
thorax shining, with a deep green reflection, clothed with short orange-colored pile; 
humeri and post-alar callosities obscurely luteous. Halteres yellow. Abdomen mod- 
erately shining, with sparse, very short, black pile. Legs luteous, the knees broadly, 
and the tarsi yellow. Wings brownish infuscated, darker in front, the stigma small; 
veins, except toward the base of the wing, brown. 

Two specimens, collected in meadow-land, near the base of Mt. 
Washington, in the early part of August. 

In the examination of my material I have observed a few general 
characters that appear not to have been previously described. I offer 
some of them here as merely suggestive. 

In all the genera of S/rahomyidae known to me, except Swdula, 
species of Beris, Scoliopelta, Plecticus and Pachygaster, the second longi- 
tudinal vein takes its origin from beyond the anterior cross-vein, Its 
origin in the three species of Precticus, which I have examined, was un- 
expected. 

In the Stratiomyidae, except the Beridinae (and Sudula), the front 
coxal openings are more widely separated, the coxze are shorter, the meso- 


sternum longer and more developed, so that the front pair of legs are 
more widely separated from the other two, which are approximated at 
the back part of the sternum. This difference may most readily be per- 
ceived by acomparison of Coenomyia and Hermetia or Stratiomyia. 

In the present and related families the second main vein-stem of the 
wings gives off, first the sixth longitudinal vein, and, at a short distance 
beyond, the fourth. In the family SyrpAzdae the reverse is invariably the 
case in the two hundred or more species examined by me. The Conopi- 
dae agree better with the AZuscidae calypiratae in the origin of the fourth 


and sixth veins occuring at the same point. 

Errata, —First paper, page 132, line 6, for ‘‘thickened’’ read flattened; 
p. 134, under Xanthogramminae, B. for ‘‘Ocelli” etc. read Face retreating, ete. ; 
BB. for ‘“‘Ocellar” etc., read Face projecting. Second paper, p. 11, line 6 from 


bottom, insert usually after ‘‘wings”’. 
YALE COLLEGE, MAy 1885. 


—@——>+— + aa——__ —_ 
Notes on Platysamia Polyommata 7Z/fer. 
By Geo. D. Hutst. 


Platysamia polyommata Tepper, described from a unique Q in 
Mr. Water’s collection, Brookl. Bull, Vol. V, p. 66, and represented in 
that place also by a photograph, is, as any one may see, an insect with 
rather broader wings than P. cecropia L. and consequently without 
doubt a Platysamia, Since then Mr. Waters has received from Arizona 
a o' of this same species. In coloration it is very like the Q. having 
the same bands and spots on wings and body. It has in addition a 
white basal crossband on the fore wings, and the black ground color is 
richer and very velvety in appearance, The shape of the wings is how- 
ever altogether different from those of the Q. In this it has almost the: 
form as it consequently has very much the appearance of Callosamia 
promethea. The fore wings are just as distinctly falcate, and the external 
margin runs inward, shortening the internal margin and narrow— 
ing the wing. The hind legs are narrow and extent backward. 
The insect is thus put in the unfortunate position, that the <j! 
is in one genus, the Q inanother. Samia cynthia has gotten itself 
in a somewhat similar predicament. In China it‘is a Saméa but in the 
few years it has been naturalized in this country, it has broadened its 
wings, so it has become a pretty fair P/atysamia, I call attention to 
these facts only that those who are interested may see that some of these 
genera have no excuse for existing as at present limited; for they are, I 
believe, limited by the shape of the wings and the wing spots only: 
neither of which characters are constant or identical in the sexes of the 
same species. 


—156— 


Notes and News. 

The collection of Lepidoptera made by Mr. O. Meske, of Albany, 
N.Y., has been acquired for the National Museum. The collection con- 
tains many types of American species and a well determined lot of 
European.and other exotic species. With the Lepidoptera contained in 
the Riley collection and in the Belfrage collection, that order is now very 
fully represented:—American forms principally considered. When in 
shape, with the rich biological material of the Riley collection well work- 
ed in, it will rank among the best in the country. 


We are pleased to be able to notify our readers that Mr. P. R. Uhler 
of Baltimore has handed us the mss. for a Check List of the Hemiptera 
Heteroptera for publication. That we need such a list no one will 
dispute, and that Mr. Uhler is the proper man to prepare it will be as 
little doubted. 


* * 

The first specimen of Rhopalopus Sanguinicollis Horn, I got from 
Carrolltown on the Laurel Ridge Mts. Since then I have found it on 
the Chestnut Ridge in Westmoreland Co., Pa.; but only on the sweet black 
cherry tree. It does not seem to injure any other trees, for beside these 
trees stand sweet red and sour red cherry, apple, peach, pear etc., all un- 
touched by the insect. It makes its appearance after the tree has blos- 
somed and before the fruit is ripe (about middle of June) and a few 
specimens may be gotten as late as August. It is always taken in the 
afternoon on the shaded side of the tree. ‘THADDEUS SEHER. 

x 


* 
. a . . 

Owing to the length of other articles, the continuation of the Pro- 
ceedings of the Ent. Club of the A. A. A.S. was crowded out of this 
number, <A goodly portion will appear in our next. 

* * 


In the June number of Env. Am. under ‘‘Notes and News”, I no- 
ticed the statement from Mr. L. O. Howard, that Belostoma grandis was 
attracted in great numbers to the electric lights in New Orleans during 
the month of December. This was also the case in the early part of the 
same year, and probably prevails to a greater or less extent all the year 
round. I might add that in Chicago the electric lights attract, besides 
other insects, great numbers of Ephemera. In the latter part of July | 
have seen myriads of these insects in the evening, attracted to the lights. 
In some places the stone pavement being entirely covered over with them, 
so that there was more danger of slipping up on their soft bodies and 
falling, than if the pavement had been carefully strewn with the proverbial 
banana peel. They undoubtedly breed by millions in the Chicago River, 
and are a constant source of annoyance during the greater part of the 
summer. C. H. T. Townsenp, Constantine, Mich. 


—157— 


Book Notices. 

Dr. Carlos Berg of Buenos Aires, has sent us a series of his papers, 
mostly from the ‘‘Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina”, and giving 
notes and descriptions on and ofa large number of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera 
and Hemiptera. It is interesting to note, that in addition to our old and 
well known friends Agrotis ypsifon, and saucta, A. inctvis, and Cindaphia 
Zicoloralts also occur in the Argentine Republic. For A. ypsilon we have 
as synonyms /rivola Wallgr. and rodus‘a Blanch. A. saucra has as syno- 
nym angulifera Wallgr., and the Doctor thinks that Spaelotis stictiva 
Blanch., S. punctudzta Blanch., Agrotrs impacta W\k., and Noctua aethiops 
Phil., will also prove forms of this protean species. A. mmcivis is A. ante- 
postta Gn., and A. lenticylosa Moritz. Cinduphia bicolorahs Dr. Berg 
himself had re-described as Botts amiculatas and here corrects himself. 
It proves that the synonym mill is grinding there as well as here. 

On the Parasites of the Hessian Fly. By C. V. Riley, Ph.D., Proce. U.S. 
Nat. Mus. VIII, 413—422, Pl. XXIII, Sept. 1885. 

<n interesting contribution to the history of this well known pest, 
describing and illustrating:—Jerisus destructor (Say), MZ. (Homoporus) 
subaplerus n. sp., Lupelmus allynii (French), Tetrashchus productus n. sp. 
and Platygaster Herrick Pack An extract characterizing the species 
was read before the recent meeting of the A.A.A.S., and the life history 
of the species is carefully traced. 

Fourteenth Report of the State Entomologist on the Noxious and Bene- 
fical Insects of the State of Illinois. By S. A. Forbes (3d Rept.), for the year 
1884. pp. 136, pl. XLL. Also an Appendix containing ‘‘General Indexes to the 
first Twelve Reports of the State Entomologists of Illinois.” 

Contains an Entomological Calender, and articles on Corn Insects; 
Wheat Insects; Grape Insects; Black- and Raspberry Insects; Agrots C. 
nigrum; Apple and Pear Insects; Maple and Elm Insects; and Miscellan- 
eous Notes. 

The Index to the 12 Reports is a valuable contribution, modelled 
upon Prof, Riley’s Index to the Mo. Reports. The title page enumer- 
ates Hrancis LeBaron as one of the State Entomologists—we were under 
the impression that Widiam LeBaron held that office. 

Quite a large number of new species of several orders are described 
more or less completely, and a new Zenthredi# genus (Jf/lallus) is very 
incompletely characterized. 

The article on Wheat Insects is interesting because it covers to an 
extent the ground covered in the publication by Prof. Riley (previously 
noticed) on the parasites of the Hessian fly. 

In all but Zéefrastichus carinatus the generic reference of the species 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 


-—158— 


described, is either erroneous, or the name of a genus is used which has 
been long since subdivided. Descriptive work ought either to be left to 
competent specialists, or, as in the case of Prof. Riley’s paper, a special 
and careful study of the group treated of, should be made. However 
good a general entomologist a man may be, he cannot have that special 
knowledge of any one order which is necessary to a describer of new 
species. Preromalus fulvipes Forbes is the Merisus subapterus of Riley, 
and Prof. Riley’s generic reference is reliable. 


The figures are largely reproductions from Riley, or from the earlier 
Ill. Repts, The new figures are as a rule very poor, inaccurate, in 
some instances even misleading and they print miserably. A recent 
number of ‘‘Science”’ criticised the last report of the U. S. Dept. of Agri- 
culture for its illustrations; acknowledging their artistic merit and scien- 
tific accuracy, but blaming the use of Photo-engraving for their repro- 
duction. Curiously efeugh the new figures in this report, which show 
no traces of that careful supervision of the artist necessary to secure an 
accurate figure of an insect, are passed over without comment by that 
Journal. Asa whole the report is a valuable contribution to economic 
entomology, though leaving in some points, much to be desired. 


Further notes upon the markings and attitudes of lepidopterous larve, 
together with a complete account of the life history of Sphina ligustri and Selenia 
illunaria (larve). By Edward B. Poulton. Tr. Ent. Soc, London, 1885. Part Il 
(August 5) pp. 281—329. Pl. VII. 

A valuable and exceedingly interesting contribution to the ontogeny 
of the species treated, of giving some interesting speculations as to the use 
and purpose of some of the appendages, and on the origin of the colors 
and markings and their philosophy. The article is too long to abstract, 
and we must refer students to the paper itself for its contents. 


Wie entsteht die Gliederung der Insectenfuehler? By Dr. Fritz Miiller. 
Kosmos, 1885. Vol. XVII, pp. 201—204. 

Notes on the gradual increase in various stages of the number of 
joints in the antennze of Culofermes rugosus and some species of Cochlio- 
psyche, showing how the increase in number of joint stakes place by divis- 
ion, principally of the third and fourth joints. 


The Butterflies of North America by William H. Edwards. 2nd series. Boston, 
Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1874—1884, pp. 445, pl. 51. 4°. 
A recent number of ‘‘Science” contains a notice of the above work, 
which we can heartily indorse. After giving the author deserved credit 
for the quality of matter, and especially the fine plates (part of this praise 


belongs to Mrs, Peart, the artist), the article reads as follows: ‘‘In this, 
[referring to the list of species closing the volume] however, in which the 
number of species is raised from 512 to 612, he retains in nearly every 
particular the antique classification adopted in the first volume. The 
studies which Mr. Edwards has undertaken upon the history of butter- 
flies have rendered him an authority on that subject, and his skill in 
field investigation has been unexcelled, ‘his, however, constitutes no 
claim whatever to any knowledge of the structure itself of butterflies, 
upon which classification must be founded; and as he has shown no 
such knowledge in his writings, we can only regret that he did not alto- 
gether omit this list, since it carries an authority to the public eve which 
it does not possess, the classification being not only false in many minute 
particulars, but fundamentally false to nature”. 


tt + 
~ 


Society News. 


Brooklyn Entomological Society, Oct. 6th, 1885.—Present 27 members 
and visitors; the president, Mr. Cramer in the chair. Mr. O. Dietz and Mr. A. 
T. Birkhoff were elected members of the Society. Mr. Smith proposed Mr. W. 
B. Taylor of Brooklyn; Mr. Weeks proposed Mr. Chas. Scott of N.Y., and Mr. 
Neumoegen proposed Mr, Chas. Palm of N.Y. as members of the Society. On 
motion of Mr. Neumoegen, seconded by Mr. Hulst, Senor Doctor Don Juan 
Gundlach, of Cuba, was elected an honorary member of the Society. Mr. Hulst 
presented additional evidence that Danais archippus occasionally presented a 
very dark, blackish suffusion. Mr. Hy. Edwards exhibited a specimen of 
archippus which before being put in cyanide was bright red; but was now dull 
blackish. He stated however, that he had this summer taken an even darker 
specimen in the field. He also exhibited a specimen of Colias eurydice dyed 
a brilliant red, by the action of a damp cyanide bottle. 

Mr. Tepper exhibited a series of bred specimens of Papilio asterias and read 
a short paper* on their variation, especially noting the facts, that the anal ocellus 
varies in size and shape and is sometimes entirely absent, therefore not reliable 
as a test of specific distinction. 

Mr. Smith stated, that he had of late examined every collection ht had seen, for 
variations in Papilio, and considered the anal ocellus as of absolutely no value. 
Mr. Cramer states that a series of turnus, bred in Maine, so strongly resembled 
rutulus that he could scarcely distinguish them. My. Edwards had seen bred spe- 
cimens of asterias showing evena greater range of variation, but he considered that 
Mr. W. H. Edwards placed more stress upon the shape of the anal spot than the 
presence of the ocellus, and hardly liked to consider the species classed under 
machaon as identical. He referred to P. Hippocrates which showed a peculiar 
departure from the normal form in the shape of ocellus, and said many of the 


* Which will appear in a future number. 


- —160— * 


misu iderstandings and differences of opinion had arisen from differing ideas of 
aspecies. An occasional resemblance of aspecimen of one species to that of 
another, did not prove the identity of the two. Mr. Neumoegen spoke on the 
same subject. He had P. asterius from Cuba and from this locality the female 
instead of being larger and with less yellow than the <j’, resembles that sex 
in all respects. In other words, that sexual difference in color which is so prom- 
inent in U.S. specimens does not exist there. This is the form named polyxenes 
by Drury. In Central America the asteroides form becomes the prevailing one. 
Mr. Smith, referring to Mr. Edwards’ remarks on species, said that the difficulty 
was, that some persons would not recognize the fact that species are not always a 
fixed quantity. The process of evolution is still going on, and the so called 
species that these disputes are about are undergoing change, Some forms never 
resemble anything but themselves and leave no doubt as to their distinctness. 
These are so far fixed that they may be called species; but the other forms that 
are changing, and have so far changed that locally they are constant, are not 
species, though they deserve a title explaining their relation to the parent stock. 
No sensible man will dispute the close relationship of asterius, polyxenes, aster- 
oides, and some others, and it is generally assented that they come from the 
same stock. They have not yet branched so far as to leave the stem form be- 
hind, or to sever connection with it. Many others are in the same predicament. 
Several other examples were instanced. Mr. Hulst favored names to indicate 
the relationship of forms to each other and did not think the term species 
should be used for these partly separated forms. Referring to the species of 
Papilio allied to machaon he had been inclined to believe Dr. Hagen in the 
wrong, but carefully studying Mr. W. H. Edwards’ reply, and the figures given 
with it, he became fully convinced that Dr. Hagen was in the main correct. 

Mr. Hulst made some remarks on Platysamia polyommata Tepper which show- 
ed how little the genera in this group were based on actual characters, for the © 
is a Platysamia, while the -f' belongs to the genus Callosamia. Mr. Neumoegen 
agrees that the Aflaci are badly separated generically. Take the variations of 
Cynthia in Japan, U.S. and Paraguay and you have entirely different wing form 
and habitus, so that your species in Paraguay belongs to one genus, while in 
the U.S. it belongs to another. Incidentally he mentioned that it had been 
proved by breeding that Attacus splendidus and orizava were identical. 


Mr. Smith then introduced Mr. KE. A. Schwarz, of Washington, who. read a 
few notes on Telmalophilus americanus.* Mr. Leng read a few notes on the dis- 
tribution of Cicindelide near N. Y. 


Mr. Edwards called attention to the fact that diurnals were occasionally at- 
tracted to the electric light. He had observed P. troilus, P. atalanta, cardui, 
huntera, V. antiopa, D. archippus, and L. pseudargiolus. He had been informed 
by Dr. C. Hart Merriam that a Light-house keeper on Lake Ontario had been 
greatly annoyed by the large swarms of archippus that flew against it and ob- 
secured the light. 


After informal discussion the Society adjourned. During the informal dis- 
cussion a small lot of named Coleoptera, from So. Cal. donated by Dr. Horn 
were sold at auction for the benefit of the Society, and brought $9.50. 


* Which will appear in.a future number. 





VOL. 1. BROOKLYN, DECEMBER, 1886. NO. 9. 


Aletia xylina vs. A. argillacea.* 
By C..V. Rimey 

Without entering into any general discussion, which would be out 
of place here, as to whether Hiibner’s names should be adopted or not— 
a question which has always divided entomologists—but following those 
who, taking the more conservative view, accept his species when his de- 
scriptions and figures leave no question as to what is intended, the 
purported description in connection with the figures, would have to be 
rejected even from this standpoint. In point of fact they leave every 
doubt as to the species intended, and give us no absolute certainty. The 
only descriptive part is that referring to the white dot, and this is con- 
spicuously and well represented on the figure referred to; but it is this very 
character which makes it morally certain that some other species than 
aylina Say was intended; for while typical specimens of 2y/iza invariably 
have the three white minute dots referred to on page 9g, of this work, the 
conspicuous discal or reniform spot on primaries is almost invariably 
oval and dark, with two cinereous pupils, which are often dilated so as to 
represent a large cinereous spot, with a dark center and a dark border. 
Of the many hundreds, and we may say thousands, of specimens which 
we have examined, not one has had the distinct white spot described and 
-_-* This article is taken from advance sheets from the 4th Rept. U.S. Entomolog- 

ical Commission and to give point to it I reproduce Hiibner’s original description. 
“ALETIA ARGILLACEA, Aus Bahia. Vom Herrn Sommer abgelassen. Eine 
Noctua genuina und Heliophila lineata. Sie ist der A. Vitellina sehr iihnlich, hat 
aber in nichts eine Gleichheit mit ihr und auf den Schwingen einen weissen Punkt. 

Thre Fiirbildung 399, 400, stellt ein miinnliches Muster vor.” 

This may be translated: ‘‘From Bahia. Left by Mr. Sommer, A Noctua genuina 
and Heliophila lineata. It is very similar to A. Vitellina, but is in nothing identical 
with it, and has a white dot on the wings. Figs. 399 and 400 represent the male.’’ 

The question as to what argillacea really is, will be considered in a special study 
of the genus Anomis which I hope soon to make. From material so far studied it is 
a species received from Bahia, somewhat smaller than xylina. 


—162— 


figured by Hitbner. ‘The figures in other respects bear out this con- 
clusion; for while in the different copies of the Zutrage the coloring will 
vary according to the colorist and according as the colors have changed 
with age—two facts which in themselves should be sufficient to discard 
names founded on mere figures—yet in the three copies which we have 
examined the figures represent a smaller, feebler-bodied species, lacking 
in the characteristic olivaceous hues, and much more roseate superiorly 
and more highly colored with yellow and roseate on the under side. 
The under surfaces of xydima are of tolerably uniform pale gray, with a 
faint ochreous tinge, and in no specimen of xy:ma do we find the sharp 
black line on the under side of the hind border of the secondaries charac- 
teristic of Hiibner’s figure. 

From these facts it will be seen that nothing can be absolutely 
settled from Hibner’s description and figures, and so much has this been 
felt by previous authors that they have not been able to identify Hib- 
ner’s argillacea, Thus Guenee, who had evidently better material to 
judge from than any previous, or for that matter subsequent, author 
whom we can call to mind, questioned whether his grandipuncta 
(=xylina) could be referred to argillacea, for the reason that this last is 
more yellow, more distinctly marked, with the reniform concolorous, 
marked with a very distinct white dot, and quite distinct on the under 
surface. Even Mr. Grote, notwithstanding the assurance with which he 
identifies avgil/acea in the paper before the Association in 1874, express- 
ed his uncertainty in his first published opinion on the subject. (Bulle- 
tin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, vol. i, p. 170, 1874.) 

The figures on our Plate IV, 7a, were kindly copied for us by Mr. 
Skinner, from the copy of the Zutrage in the library of the American 
Entomological Society. The coloring has been slightly lightened in the 
printing, but otherwise shows the figures very well as they appear in 
that copy. In the copy in Dr. Hagen’s possession,* as also in that which 
we have lately obtained for the Department of Agriculture, the figures 
are somewhat darker; but all are uniform in those particulars which we 
have just pointed out, and in which they differ from «ya, Hence, a 
careful and candid study of the subject, so far as Hiibner’s work per- 
mits, leaves very grave doubt as to the identity of his argil/acea, and 
though from the fact that we had accepted Grote’s determination in the 
first edition of this work (solely on his authority) we have tried to retain 
it rather than make a change in this second edition; yet an unbiased 
weighing of the facts presented by the published data would alone have 
forced us to reject argillacea. Weare entirely of Dr. Hagen’s mind, as 


* This copy, as Dr, Hagen informs us, ison ‘‘geschépftes Papier’? with what is 
known asvold coloring in good condition. 


—163— 


expressed in a letter written to us April 4, 1883, after full study of the 
facts, and before he was aware of our previously published opinion to 
the same effect. He remarks: ‘‘Compared with Say’s excellent de- 
scription, I believe it out of question not to accept Say’s name, which 
has priority. 

Forced thus, from the published data, to reject argil/acea on the 
ground of uncertainty, we have endeavored to reach the definitive con- 
clusion from non-published, historical data, 2 e¢, by an endeavor to as- 
certain whether types of Hiibner’s argid/acea were still in existence. Dr. 
Hagen kindly informed us, in a letter dated April 12, 1883, that since 
argillacea was described from the collection of the late Mr. Sommer of 
Altona near Hamburg, it might perhaps be possible to find the type spe- 
cimens still in that collection, as Mr. Sommer had his collection speci- 
mens kept in very good order. The Sommer collection was supposed 
to have been purchased by the Museum of the city of Hamburg, but 
upon inquiry we were informed by Mr. C. Criiger, who was formerly 
connected with the Museum Godeffroy of Hamburg, that the collection 
had long since been purchased by Dr. Staudinger, of Blasewitz near 
Dresden. Having thus traced the Sommer collection, we directed Mr. 
A. Koebele to proceed, with specimens, to Germany, and to visit Dres- 
den and inquire into the facts. With the kind permission of Dr. Staud- 
inger, Mr. Koebele was able to make an examination of the Sommer 
collection, but the results gave us no greater certainty; for, from the notes 
made, it would appear that very few of the labels in the Sommer collec- 
tion are written by Sommer. The collection is, also, in great disorder, 
and has been neglected by Dr. Staudinger. Of the eight specimens of 
our .xydina in the collection one is marked from Panama, another from 
Porto Rico; one is named ‘‘Anomis grandipuncfa Guen.”’, another, un- 
spread © specimen ‘‘argillacea Hbn.” and a third ‘‘A. grandis’. If 
there were any way of considering these labels authoritative the evidence 
might be considered in favor of our xylima being Hiibner’s argillacea, 
but from all the facts it is evident that the labeling has been done by 
other hands, and there is other evidence to weaken the value of those 
labels. Thus the type of argi/acea is distinctly stated by Hiibner to be 
male, so that the female above referred to could not be the type, which 
must also have been spread to have permitted the artist to fully figure the 
upper and under surfaces of all wings. Again in the Sommer collection 
there are eight specimens ofa closely allied moth—the Anomes /uridula, 
of which one is labeled ‘urzdafa?” and a second ‘“‘modesfa’ and a third 
‘““exacta’. The species bears no resemblance whatever to the exacéa of 
Hiibner’s figures, so that we have here positive evidence of the worth- 
lessness of the labels as historical indications of Hiibner's types. - 


64 — 


Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S. 


(Continued from p., 125 ante.) 


The following paper was then read by its author. 


NOTES ON. SOME STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS 
OF THE LEPIDOPTERA. 
By JoHN B, SMITH. 

I had hoped and expected to be able to present a rather complete 
review of the structural peculiarities of some groups or families of the 
Lepidoptera and to propose a new scheme of classification; but lack of 
time and too many other duties prevented the completion of the work, 
and I will present only brief notes of a suggestive character. 

In many families in all orders, sexual peculiarities furnish characters 
of high systematic value; but in the Lepidoptera these organs have never 
been carefully studied and no systematic value has been attached to 
them. Lederer in the ‘“Noctuinen Europas” gives a number of figures 
and describes a number of what he calls ‘‘after klappen”, but his figures 
are imperfect and misleading and the most essential parts of the structur- 
al peculiarities were missed by him, 

For some time past the Noctuidz have been studied by Prof. Riley 
and myself with the view of preparing a monographic work on the 
family, and many interesting points in structure have been discovered. 
Working over the Noctuide suggested inquiries and studies in other 
families, partly to fix relationships, and partly for purposes of comparison. 
The discoveries of modifications of the genital organs of the (J are such, 
that a decided modification in our present classification of the Lepidop- 
tera may have to be made. The diurnals are so well separated, that no 
special examinations of them have been made, though what little I have 
done shows that there is still much to be learned about them. The 
normal structure of the clasping organs of the G among the Heterocera 
consists of a superior lunate or triangular corneous plate, which I call 
the supra-anal plate; a variously shaped corneous hook soldered to the 
tip, which I call the supra-anal hook: and an oblong, semi-chitinous 
piece on each side, called the side piece; to which are often attached 
corneous hooks or processes called claspers. The side pieces are move- 
able, are very differently shaped, and afford excellent specific and_per- 
haps generic characters. The claspers also offer a wide—in fact infinite— 
variation: so great a one indeed that in some groups there are no two 
species alike, and the modifications are specific while in others they are 
so constant that they afford good generic characters. 

My present purpose is to call attention to some modifications of 


—165— 


this structure in the Bombycidz and the groups placed between them 
and the Rhopalocera. In the Hesperide, the males, so far as I have 
examined them, have the supra-anal plate small, lunate or crescent 
shaped, there is no supra-anal hook, and the side pieces are short, and 
illy, or not at all adapted for clasping. Some, perhaps many of the 
higher groups have the supra-anal plate well developed, but it is with 
the lowest of the group—those placed at the end of the series, that I 
have now to deal. 

Among the Heferocera the Zygaenidae most nearly approach the 
FHfesperidue in this respect; entirely lacking the supra anal plate, and hav- 
ing the side pieces scarcely modified into clasping organs. 

The Syztomidae are closely allied in structure; but here, though the 
supra-anal hook is not, in the forms examined by me, fully developed, 
it is well indicated, and the side pieces are often corneous and furcate, or 
provided with separate corneous claspers. In Dadasys these organs are 
very prominent and furnished with long tufts of hair. 

Allied to the Syntomedae are the Aegeridue, or Sestidae as some 
prefer to call them. But here the supra-anal plate undergoes a modifi- 
cation: instead of being solid, a triangular space is punched out of the 
center, leaving a triangle with its apex somewhat dilated. There is no 
supra-anal hook in those specimens examined by me, and the side piece 
is simple. 

In the Macroglossae another peculiar modification appears. Here 
the plate is narrowed, thickened and takes 4 shape somewhat like a 
Lobster’s claw. ‘The side piece is simple, and there is a stout, straight, 
corneous spine below the intromittent organ, 

Sphinx has usually a complete supra-anal plate and hook, and 
often corneous claspers. 

In the higher Boméycrdae we notice a curious and remarkably con- 
stant modification—the supra-anal plate is present though often much 
reduced in size, and the tip is somewhat prolonged, but instead of 
forming a spine it divides and forms points, or lobes, varying in the 
species. I illustrate cywthia, cecropia, regalis, imperialis and Adelocephala 
bicolor and all the other large species examined by me, present the 
same form.* 

This modification gradually runs into the normal form; but through 
what stages it passes to do so I am not yet prepared to say. 

Little as I have done yet, the results attained are still instructive— 
in combination with wing structure and habits they suggest a classification 
somewhat different from that usually adopted. 

The Synfomidae with diurnal habits, clear, bright or contrastingly 


* Figures of these peculiarities will be presented at a future date, —J.B-S. 


een 


colored wings with few veins, should head the list, followed by the 
Aegeridae, with similar appearance, similar habits and very similar struc- 
ture: then come the clear wing sphinges or J/acroglossae which are also 
largely diurnal and which differ very essentially in structure from the 
typical Sphinx as I have shown recently in ‘““Entomologica Americana’; 
and the Sphinges with crepuscular habits again lead naturally to the typ- 
ical Bombyces, through the nocturnal Smerinhids. 

As the highest type of another series stand the Zygaenidae. Also 
largely diurnal in habit and often brightly colored they yet differ largely 
from any of the preceding in the numerous veins of both wings. ‘The 
true Zygaenidae do not exist in the United States as I showed recently 
in the Transactions of the Am. Ent. Soc.; but their close allies, the 
Pryomorphidae do exist here in some number, and they very gradually 
lead into the Lz/hosids and thence to the Arctids and Bombyces. 

We have here two distinct series: the Syn/omidae and Zygaentdae 
rather closely allied, and diverging from thence, the one to the Lombyces 
through the Sphinges, the other to the same group through Pyromorpha, 
Lithosta and Archa. 

In the Lepidoptera Heterocera and especially those groups classed 
as Zygaenidae and Bombycidae systematists have shown a remarkable ob- 
jection to the creation of families, or more correctly to the use of family 
terms to express relationships and define groups. The result is that 
there is a mass of species all classed under the general term Lomdyces, or 
Zygaenidae which have absolutely not one character in common. Mr. 
Grote to be sure in his recent list makes some divisions, but unfortun- 
ately they are nowhere defined, based only on superficial resemblances 
and thoroughly unscientific. Coleopterists have by careful and hard 
work raised their branch of Entomology to the dignity of a scientific 
study, while Lepidopterists have wasted their time in studying the orna- 
mention of insects, overlooking the most obvious structural details, and 
the classification of the order therefore leaves much to be desired. To 
call attention to the fact that there is yet plenty of work to be done _be- 
fore Lepidopterists can claim that they have a knowledge of their order 
equal to that of the Coleopterists, these brief notes are presented. An- 
other and perhaps natural error has been made by many Lepidopterists: 
they have seized some one character, and rested their studies on that. 
Thus Dr. Herrich-Schaeffer made venation the ultimate test of family 
distinction while Dr. Packard with less felicity finds head characters 
controlling and ignores venation. The result gives us such assemblages 
as those heretofore mentioned. I wish it distinctly understood that I do 
not pretend to find the one controlling character in the genital structure 
of the §‘, I deem it a very important one in connection with other 


—167— 


characters, but no more, The legs afford excellent characters as yet en- 
tirely overlooked, while thoracic structure, and especially that of the 
dorsum will eventually furnish points of value to systematists. 

Adding to these notes, I wish to call the attention of systematists to 
a character not made use of so far as Iam aware, to the extent its im- 
portance warrants: It is the relative proportions of the hind legs. In Noctua 
and Geometra, using these terms in their widest sense, the posterior legs 
are uniformly longer than the others and very strong, proportionately, 
and the two pairs of spurs are well developed, often prominently so.* In 
the typical Bombycidz on the other hand, the opposite is the case; the 
fore legs are strongest, often longer than the middle pair, and _ the post- 
erior pair are small and weak, and the spurs are small, often wanting in 
part. Thisis a peculiarly Bombycoid character, and the strong relation 
that the Smerinthids have to the Boméycids finds an additional proof in 
the agreement in this respect—the obsolete tongue and_ short posterior 
legs separate them very sharply from the true Sphinges. I have recently 
pointed out that ZZ/ema belongs to the Smerinfhid, and uot the Sphingid 
series. 

In examining the large Bombycidz, I have often been struck by the 
enormous development of the “epiphysis” of the anterior tibia. In most 
groups it is concealed, and in some Rhopalocera wanting, It is present 
in all the Heterocera so far as I know; but often very small. In regal, 
empertalis and some others this organ is very largely developed and is 
bare of vestiture. 

What purpose does it serve? 

The following paper by Mr. Geo. D. Hulst was then read. 


THE FAMILY POSITION or EUPHANESSA MENDICA, Wik. 
By Geo. D. HULSsT. 


Luphanessa mendica was first described as Nudaria mendica by Walk- 
er Cat, Brit. Mus. II, p. 576 (1854), and redescribed by Herrich- 
Schaeffer Lep. Exot. p. 19 as Ludule bisertata. By both of these authors, 
and afterwards by Dr. A. S, Packard Jr. (Synopsis Bombycidz U.S. Pro. 
Ent. Phil. 1864 p. 102,) it was placed among the Bombycidae. In the 
latter place Dr. Packard describes the new genus, Luphanessa. 

In the Canadian Naturalist III, p. 227 (1871) Mr. W. Saunders 
describes the larva as being in form a true Geometer, having only two 
pair of abdominal legs. In his Geometrid Moths p. 33 (1876) Dr. 
Packard refers to this, but still places the insect among the Bomdycidae, 
and writes as follows: “I have carefully recompared this genus proposed 


* Some Geometers, I am aware, lack the spurs; but the difference in proportion 
is, I believe, constant. 


-—163— 


by myself and placed next to Nudaria, and am still of the opinion that 
this is its proper position. In the small head with the large occiput and 
the male genital armature it is much like Croca/a. The antenne and 
legs are much as in other Zethosians. ‘The venation, though different 
in some important respects from that of Crocofa, (there being a subcostal 
cell where there is none in Croco/a, and but five subcostal veins where 
in Croco/a there are six), is still Lithosian in plan there being four med- 
jan veins. On a fresh comparison of Luphanessa with European examples 
of Nuduria I see no reason to doubt the clear subfamily relations of 
the two genera.” 


In the Trans. Ento. Soc. London, 1877, p. 371, Mr. A. G. Butler 
in a Catalogue of the Zz¢hosiidae in the Brit. Museum places the insect 
near Vudaria without comment. 


Having during the last few months given some study to the Geome 
tridae, | have come to the conclusion that the proper and only possible 
place of this insect is among the Geometridae, and not among the Zom- 
éyctdae where it is placed by the authors above quoted. 


1st.—The /arva is a true Geometer. The larve of the Bombycidae 
are, I believe, in no case Geometers. And those of Crocofa and Nudaria 
are not only not Geometers, but are more or less clothed with hair and 
spines. From this characteristic Huphanessa is an anomaly among the 
Bombycidae, and has no relation whatever to its so called nearest allies. 


2nd.—The pupa is just as anomalous if Luphanessa be placed 
among the Bombycidae. The pupz were found in New Jersey by Mr. 
J. B. Smith, and the imagines emerged. The pupa skins are now in 
my possession by his kindness. Both Crocofa and Nudaria I am_ told 
pupate in acocoon. The pupa of Zuphanessa was found under bark, en- 
tirely without cocoon, girthed and suspended by the tail. The pupa un- 
doubtedly went beneath the bark only for protection from the weather, 
and was hanging free. The pupa ofthe Bombdbycidae are comparatively 
short and stout. That of Auphanessa is slender, angulate and elongated, 
The pupa can thus properly be referred only to the Geome/ridae. ‘There are 
at least some corresponding examples, I have read of, among the Geo- 
metridae of Europe, but I have heard of none among the Bombéycidae. 
Somewhat aberrant in the first family, it would be anomalous in the 
second. 

3rd. —In adits the imago is entirely a Geometer, It is not only 
easily disturbed during the day, but has the habit of hiding on the under 
side of leaves, with the wings widely extended when at rest, and it has 
the loose uncertain weak Geometrid flight. 


—169— 


4th.—So Jar as the Zead is concerned the insect it seems to me must 
be considered a geometer rather than a Bombycid. In size, it is no 
smaller comparatively than many other Geometers. The antennz tongue 
and palpi are Geometrid rather than Bombycid. And the shape of the 
front and occiput is paralleled in others of the Geometers. At the most 
the parts of the head which Dr. Packard emphasises as being of great im- 
portance in showing the Bombycid standing of the insect, might serve for 
generic but certainly not for family separation. 

5th.—I have made no detailed examination of the /aorax, and can 
not speak of any bearing this may have on determination. Superficially 
it agrees with the Geometers. ; 

6th.—So far as the venation is concerned, Dr. Packard is as far as I 
can see, mistaken in saying there are four median veins, unless he ac- 
knowledge the same to be true of all Geometers. I have examined 
several wings, fully denuded by the Chloride of Lime and Carbolic acid 
process, and placed in Balsam and I can not find any feature which is 
not reproduced in the figures of venation given by Dr. Packard in his 
Geometrid Moths. In the position of vein 5 (the independent vein) it is 
very different from Croco/a, though not from Mudaria. As a matter of 
fact however the venation of many of the Geometridae and Bombycidae 
exactly correspond, and little stress can be placed on venation. But 
Luphanessa is undoubtedly a Geometer on this basis, or I have made a 
very often repeated error in observation. 

7th.—There is a great difference in the relative size of the legs of 
the Bombycidae and Geometridae. Mr. Smith has called my attention to 
the fact that in the Boméycidae the hind legs are usually as small and as 
weak or smaller and weaker than the fore legs. The contrary is the case in 
the Geometridae. On thisbasis Luphanessa isa strongly marked Geometer. 

8th.—So far as my observation has gone, the gend/alia of the male 
of Luphanessa mendica follow the type of the Geometridae. Certainly the 
genitalia differ very materially from those of Crocota. The lateral claspers 
are somewhat the same, but the supra-anal plate of Luphanessa isa 
slender down curved spine after the ordinary form of the Geometridae, 
while Crocofa has at the termination of this plate, another spine beneath 
and within the terminal incurved point, which, curved backward, seems 
to have a scissors movement toward the terminal spine for clasping. 

Thus there is nothing which would make the placing of this insect 
among the Geomefridae an error, while many things make its position 
among the Boméycidue anomalous and forced. There are many things 
m which it agrees only with the Geome/ridae, none in which it agrees 
only with the Bombycidae. It seems therefore that Euphanessa must be 
catalogued with the Geometridae. 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA pLeaG 


—170— 


Prof. Riley commenting on the paper, thinks that Mr. Hulst makes 
out his case very well. The characters enumerated, make the insect an 
anomalous one wherever placed, still the bulk of the characters are geo- 
metrid and he thinks that most Lepidopterists would instinctively place 
it with the geometers, rather than the Bombycids. He had previously, 
in a note to some paper on the preparatory stages of other insects referred 
to the peculiar pupa of this species, which is the only instance known to 
him where a heterocerous pupa was girthed, and fastened by the cremast- 
er as in the Papilionidae; and the resemblance was further heighthened by 
two small horns, or ears, which gave the insect the appearance ofa 
miniature Papilio cresphontes. We have here the anomaly of a moth, low 
in the scale, mimicing a character peculiar to buttertlies usually placed 
among the highest, by systematists. He thinks the only conclusion to 
be formed from this, is that the adolescent stages are not always to be 
depended on in defining the proper position of the mature insect. In 
reference to Mr. Smith’s paper there were two points to be remarked on. 

First, —the genitalia in some groups have been well and carefully 
studied, and as it is desirable that there should be uniformity in nomen- 
clature, new names should not be proposed for the parts, but so far as 
possible the names used by others should be adopted, 

Second, —he agreed entirely with Mr. Smith’s strictures on the work 
of the Lepidopterists, which had heretofore been so superficial that it had 
been often made a reproach, and their work was looked on as unscien- 
tific. The specific descriptions are often very unsatisfactory, based on 
the most inconstant characters, and the generic descriptions are even 
worse. In reference to the genitalia he doubts whether they will be as 
useful in systematic work as is now supposed, and venation and other 
structures will still have to be relied upon. 

When first the variability in this respect was discovered, it appeared 
valuable; but larger study he thinks will shake our faith. He says, too, 
that he finds more or less variability in the same species. He has found 
that some species otherwise closely allied are widely separated by this 
character, and again species perfectly distinct are nearly alike in this 
respect, He looks upon them as of secondary importance, and con- 
siders them as adaptations and special functional developments, that 
must not be too strongly urged, though undoubtedly of value as Mr. 
Smith suggests, in connection with other characters. 

In reference to the anterior tibial epiphysis nothing certain can me 
said, though there is little doubt but it serves some purpose in the at- 
traction of the sexes. He does not believe that it is a scent organ as has 
been suggested. 


—171— 


Prof, Lintner remarking on Mr. Hulst’s paper, stated that he had 
started up Luphanessa mendica by the hundreds and had noticed their 
flight. They would just flutter for a short distance and then return to 
cover under the leaves. The pupal characters mentioned were new to 
him, and he asks Prof. Riley whether they were truly girthed as in 
Papilio or whether there was not a slight cocoon. 

Prof. Riley replied that he had not seen them transform, but he 
considered it truly girthed, there being a single strong thread in a suture 
either at the end of the meta-notum or near the base of the abdomen. It = 
was-some time since he had seen them; Mr. Smith might recollect 
better. 

Mr. Smith states that he found them under a piece of loose bark, 
fastened by the tail, and a distinct band, while there was no trace ofa 
cocoon. The long slender pupa suggested Z7pu/a, and he was utterly 
astonished when he found the imago that emerged. He certainly would 
never have imagined it a Bombycid pupa. 

On motion the club then adjourned, to meet on the 26th inst. at 
the call of the President. ; 

Club meet August 26th, at 7 P.M. pursuant to adjournment, 40 
persons present, Prof. Lintner in the chair. The minutes of the previous 
meeting were read and adopted. 

Dr. Kellicott read a paper 


ON THE LARVAL PERIOD OF HARMONIA PINI, 
AN DWA SPAR ASTTEY OB TSARTE: 


The original description of this moth, together with the facts, so 
faras known, in its history, were published in the Canadian Entomologist, 
vol. XIII, 1885. The last week in June of this year I had an opportu- 
nity to visit the “old homestead” in Oswego Co., N.Y., where I ob- 
tained a limited number of imagines and certain additional facts per- 
taining to its preparatory stages; these I present for the consideration of 
this Club, together with specimens of the moth, the pitch-masses in which 
the pupze form, with pupa shells protruding, and a dipterous fly-parasite 
of the species. 

I have elsewhere, Canadian Entomologist XIII, 157, shown that 
the larva does not transform until, at least, two years old; I think now 
that I have evidence that it does not change until the third year. The 
facts are these: In June 1883 two pitch-exudations on a small pine were 
marked; these were fresh and were supposed to contain larvae one year 
old and which would probably give moths in June 1884; accordingly 
I made arrangements for having the same cut out and sent to me at 


Buffalo in May 1884; the plan failed, however, and, as it turned out, 
the oversight led to good results. On revisiting the spot in June of this 
year I at once identified the pitch-cocoons marked in June 1883, then 
one year old. and on examining them J could find no reason for think- 
ing that moths escaped from them in 1884; on opening one of them a 
live chrysalid was found within; the other was cut out with an axe and 
on July 6th gave a moth, now in my collection. 

These facts do not amount to demonstration, although to me they 
indicate a high degree of probability that the life-period of this A*¢gerian 
is completed the third year. For, by way of application, the fully formed 
pitch-masses of June 1883 were caused by larvee hatched in 1882 since 
the imagos of 1883 were just appearing, and had moths issued in 1884 
the opening, pupa-shell and pupa-cell would have been easily seen until 
1885. It is scarcely possible that eggs were laid in 1883 from which 
larvee occupied these masses formed by a previous generation or by some 
other animal, On examination of scores of examples I have failed to 
find traces of any other insect in the pitch, at least, such as could cause 
the exudation. Pinzpestis Zimmermani causes somewhat similar forma- 
tions, but they are readily separated from those of the A‘gerian. 

The egg and the very young larve have not been seen by me: the 
former is evidently deposited near a wound in the tree; the young not 
being able to penetrate the outer bark of the pine trunk. They rarely 
occupy branches and have not been found in small trunks, ie. from 
three to five years growth; on the other hand they prefer young pines 
from six inches to a foot in diameter, especially such as have grown up 
when the original pine forests have been mostly removed. 

For obvious reasons larvae boring into woody stems or the roots of 
trees or shrubs are well protected from insect parasites. A few references 
occur, however, to instances of hymenopterous parasites of our wood- 
boring A®gerian larvee; one, Ph@ogmes ater, parasitic in Podosesia syr- 
imgé@, has been noticed by G. H. French, Papilio I, 106, and another, 
an /chneumon, in the same, by Herbert Osborn, Papilio I], 71. Thus 
far I have found no mention of a dipterous parasite of any of our species 
ofthe group. The two-winged fly exhibited with the examples of 
Harmonia pint escaped from a pupa of the same and Us a parasite of the 
same. May 30, 1885, at Portage, N. Y., I removed a mass of pitch that 
proved to contain a pupa; it was kept ina proper box when it soon 
lost its motion and the puparium of the fly was observed within its shell. 
The fly appeared June zoth. It has been sent to Dr, C. V. Riley for 
identification, but 1t was not in his collection and it was not specifically 
identified; it is a species of Zachina. 1 am at a loss to understand, 


——173— 


knowing the larval habits imperfectly, how the fly can possibly deposit its 
egg upon the moth larva, as it lives continuously, as I suppose, within 
the pitch. There must be some means of obtaining air and possibly 
there are openings left for that purpose: I have not been successful in 
finding out how the matter is managed. The pupa-cell is covered at the 
outer extremity by a thin layer of rather brittle pitch; it may be a fact 
that this is sometimes destroyed when the temporarily exposed inhabitant 
is victimized. Had the parasite occupied the body of the host since the 
previous summer, it seems that the latter would have been too much ex— 
hausted to have completed its transformations. But why guess out the 
history of this parasite and its relation to the host? Now thatits existence 
is known of, the facts of its history may be readily determined. 

Prof. Riley had been very much interested in the paper. He could 
not recollect any instance where the larval life has been so long, and the 
Aégeridze as a rule are supposed to require only one year to undergo 
their transformation. As to the manner in which the Zachina_ reaches 
the Avgeria larva, it is probable that the latter must come to the surface 
rather often to expel the excrement from its burrow and the Zachina 
could take advantage of that. Once fastened, the egg is very secure. 

Prof. Lintner asks whether the larva feeds on the pitch. Dr. Kelli- 
cott says that the excrement is mixed with pitch, but the larva makes 
regular burrows in the wood and undoubtedly feeds upon the wood. He 
says the larva is always more or less coated with pitch, and when removy- 
ed from its burrow dies in a short time irom the stiffening of this sub- 
stance. He assumes that the larva must come out sometimes for air, 
but does not see that there is any arrangement similar to that of Peaisca 
Scudderiana which has a little trap-door-arrangement which it can open 
at will. 

Prof Lintner says that Nephoptery.x Zimmermani, or Pinipesées has the 
same pitch pine feeding habit and also lives in turpentine exudations, 

Dr. Kellicott has observed this larva.also which however does not 
make so large an excrescence. The excrescences are also more irregular, 
often a mere line or track of pitchy exudation marking the track of the 
larva from whorl to whorl or twig to twig. This larva when removed 
from its burrow also lives but a short time, owing to the hardening of 
the pitch. ‘ 

Dr. Kellicott then read a paper 


ON LAE PREPARATORY -sRAGHSAOF. AN 
UNDETERMINED COSSUS. 
This short paper on the preparatory stages of an undetermined 
Cossus although in a somewhat unfinished state of preparation is presented 


—174— 

for friendly criticism, and whether or not it shall be completed finally, 
depends upon what is left of it after you have done. A few weeks since 
it was my pleasure to revisit the ‘‘old homestead” in Oswego Co., N? Y., 
and to tramp for a few days over hills and swamps dwelling upon the 
memories of boyhood days and endeavoring to capture a few insects for 
mementos and for my collection. In getting a few I was successful. 
One of interest among this number is the Cossus whose larva and pupa 
are the subjects of the following notes. 

The discovery of the borer was accidental; passing along the border 
of a brook I came upon some alders, A. zzcana, which had been drawn 
out root and branch upon dry ground: one stem had been broken off 
near the root disclosing the cylindrical gallery of -an insect borer very 
different from those made by a beetle larva common in the same stems. 
An examination brought to light numerous examples of a Cossus larva 
in the roots and stems of the alders in the vicinity. ‘The facts in its 
history were partially made out. 

Larvee of two distinct sizes were about equally abundant; the larger 
ones at the time, June 29th, were moulting, As the imagos, probably, 
had escaped it seems pretty certain that the preparatory stage lasts three 
years, i.e., the smaller larvae were one year old, the larger two and these 
transform next May or June. Several pupa-shells (all broken) were 
found in the openings in the bark, and one pupa, which was dead but 
in perfect condition. ‘The larva, it seems bores principally in the roots 
until the second year, when it begins to work upward in the trunk, and 
before pupating in the spring of the tuird year, bores out to the surface a 
few inches above the ground. ‘The pupa-cell, a mere enlargement of the 
burrow a little below the external opening, is not stopped or plugged 
with chips as is the case in the cell of C. Centerensis; none were found 
in the roots and no evidence was obtained that the larva bores in the 
trunks save towards the end of its period, when it moves upward to pre- 
pare a way for the moth to escape where it is out of the way of danger 
of water, as the alder grows in wet places. This moth escapes as others 
of its kind do, by the pupa worming its way out of the cell so that part 
of its body protrudes from the tree when the moth emerges leaving the 
skin in the opening. 

I will describe the larger of the larva and compare the smaller one 
as it may differ. 

Length 1.5 to 1.8 inches. Subcylindrical, tapering very slightly at extremities, 
slender, width of body .25 of aninch. Length of smaller ones .8 inch. The head is 


light yellowish brown above, black about the mouth parts, hemispherical, smooth, 
or slightly roughened, with a few dark dots from which arise dark hairs, usually 


worn off the vertex of the larger examples. The second ring is smooth, lighter color- 
ed than the head; above the spiracle on either side there are three black spots situ- 
ated at the corners of a right-angled triangle, the upper one at the right angle, bears 
a coarse brown hair, the other two have finer, lighter colored hairs; the top of the 
third ring is likewise smooth and brownish; the remaining body surface except the 
yellowish piliferous spots and top of ring thirteen is white; the fonger hairs on the 
posterior rings are black. The body rings are strongly folded transversely; the 
yellowish dorsal spots bear brownish hairs; the anterior larger pair are situated rather 
near together on the broadest transverse fold; the smaller posterior pair are situated 
on a narrower fold and much farther from the slight dorsal furrow. The stigmata are 
broadly elliptical, the rings narrow, black scarcely raised above the surface, the color 
within the ring light brown. The legs are yellowish, hooks black; the prop legs 
with very many hooklets, 

The pupa is slender, length 1.6 inches, width of thorax .33 inch, but slightly 
curved and of unusually uniform diameter, smooth, under a lens transversely striate, 
the three anterior rings black, shagreened, on the prothorax there are two conical 
protuberances which in profile under a strong lens prove to be double pointed; on the 
clypeus are two gouge-shaped spines, shining black on outer half, and on the upper 
roughened base of each of these there is a small conical tooth; on the under side of 
the head case, below the gouge-like spines is a pointed spine directed forwards; back 
of this are two smaller cusps, one either side of ventral line and still farther back 
apparently over the first tarsal joint of the fore legs are two smaller points. The 
transverse rows of dorso-abdominal teeth are as usual, but the teeth are exceedingly 
fine, increasing in size but little posteriorly; the black, blunt anal segment bears 
several small black conical teeth on either side. 


I have mentioned this insect above as an undetermined Cossus; that 
it is one of the Cossidz, there can be, I think, no doubt and as I un- 
derstand the descriptions of the preparatory stages of the genus Cossus, 
it seems to me that it belongs to that genus. therefore I will for brevity 
of referrence call it provisionally Cossus Adm. It certainly is clearly 
distinct from C. Cenferensis whose larva and pupa I have had an oppor- 
tunity to examine from poplars at Corunna, Mich.; in fact it appears to 
be distinct from any species, whose history is know, It may prove to 
be one of the doubtful or partially known species. I am aware that Mr, 
Lintner has referred to a Cossus which bores in the trunk of white birch; 
I am also mindful that insects are asa rule pretty good botanists and 
that Be/u/a and Alnus are closely related plants, so this insect may prove 
to be the one discovered in the birch by Mr, Lintner, It ought not to 
be a difficult matter to obtain the moth in May or June next. 


For the above entomological guessing, my first attempt, I trust 
you, my friends, will pardon me; as most of you have at sometime and 
in some degree, committed the same error, I think you will, 

Prof. Lintner says that the larva referred to as having been found by 
him in birch seems also a root borer; all those found being near the ground. 
He found only one broken pupa which is still in his possession and he 


—176— 


offers it to Prof. Kellicott for examination aud study. The pupz in this 
genus afford excellent specific characters. 

Prof. Riley says Mr. Koebele last fall found in N. H, a larva boring 
in birch, which heethought was a Cossid. ‘This died, or at least has not 
emerged, and as far as he recollects agreed very well with Dr. Kellicott’s 
description. However, some examination had been made, and some 
discussion had been had with the result that it was doubtful whether the 
larva was Cossid, or whether it was not that ofa Zeuzera or an Aegeria, 
‘He simply suggests this as a possibility as the larva seems to agree very 
well with Dr. Kellicott’s account. 

Dr. Kellicott says he is very sure it is not an Aegerza but a Cossus. 
He further mentions that he has found gwerciperda at Buffalo, in drv red 
oak. At first he thought them small specimens of C. robinie. 

Prof. Lintner hopes that Dr. Kellicott will continue his experiments 
and observations on this interesting group. 

Prof. Riley then gave some 

NOTES-ON THE PRINGIPAL -INJURIOUS? INSECTS 

OF THE YEAR. 


We are aware that almost every year is characterized by some un- 
usual prevalence of destructive insects, not previously observed in any 
such numbers. Examples were last year Pulvinaria innumerabilis and 
Agrotis fennica. A glanee at the entomological events of the present 
season shows a comparative scarcity of such phenomena so_ far as noxi- 
ous species are concerned and I can recall but few characteristic of the 
year. One worthy of mention is Agrofis messoria found at Goshen, 
N. Y., destructive to the onion. This had previously been known as 
destructive to vegetation, but principally to fruit trees by cutting out the 
buds in early spring; hence the habit noticed this summer has been ex- 
ceptional. Another species, belonging to the Coleoptera, Amthonomus « 
musculus, attracted considerable attention in the strawberry fields, on 
Staten Island, N. Y. This habit of the species is not new, because I had 
noticed it in Missouri many years ago, but its abundance and destructive- 
ness were phenomenal. As is usual, where a great abundance of a form 
is collected, the species was found to have two names, and there is some 
doubt as to what the destructive species really is. 

Another Lepidopterous insect, “uryereon rantahs, a Pyralid, is 
worthy of mention as a conspicuously injurious insect in the South- 
Western States. Itis astonishing what an amount of injury this insect 
has done, and the agricultural papers have been full of accounts of this 
‘“web worm”, as this insect has popularly dubbed. This larva I first 
found in 1867, in Western States, and in Kansas in 1873, common on 


—177— 


Amaranthe, Vhe present year it was destructive not only to the vege- 
tables but many other plants. All through Texas, Indian Territory, 
Kansas and Arkansas, and also lowa and Nebraska, the insect was most 
destructive. The larva, though of the usual Pyralid form, is still well 
distinguished by its pale green color and large piliferous spots. 

During the present year Cicada seplendecitm has appeared in many 
portions of our country and I have been able to collect a large number 
of valuable notes that will enable us to better fix the limit of distribu- 
tion and the extent of both the sep/exdecim and fredecim broods. 

In Central N. Y, the Hessian fly has done a great deal of damage. 
For some years past it has not attracted much attention there, and it has 
been the opinion of some even well known Entomologists that it had left 
its old haunts and migrated to the west. Asa matter of fact however 
wheat culture has changed its center, and the only reason there have 
been no complaints in the East, is that there was little or no grain for 
them to attack; and this year the sudden increase in numbers has again 
called attention to the fact that the insect has not yet left its old haunts. 
So much injury has been done that many farmers abandoned the crop 
and did not harvest it. 

On the Pacific Coast, locusts have been unusually abundant, and 
have done great damage. Hitherto the injury had mostly be done by 
Camnula pellucida, but this year the species has been AZelanoplus devasta— 
tor. I regret to say that Mr, L. Bruner, an agent sent to visit Montana, 
reports a great increase of the Acridid@ throughout that region and great 
fears are entertained of the future; but the prospects are not necessarily 
gloomy, for the weather has of late been unfavorable to their develop- 
ment, and unless there is a great change of conditions they will not be 
unduly abundant. 

Melanoplus spretus is still most abundant, but native species are also 
very plentiful, and Camnula pellucida was found, indicating that all these 
species can become very destructive in the west. Many other species 
were locally abundant or destructive, but these can be considered charact- 
eristic of the year. 

Dr. Kellicott mentioned that in Buffalo Podosesia syring@ has been 
destructive to the ash trees. Prof. Osborn and Mr. Hy. Edwards had 
stated in ‘‘Papilio” that the young shoots or branches were attacked, but 
in Buffalo it lives under the bark of the old trees. He has observed a 
number of the trees, has seen the pupa cases projecting and has watched 
20 or more from a single tree in a single day. Often 100 or more were 
in a single tree. 

A gentleman from Goshen, said he knew something about one of 
the insects mentioned by Prof. Riley. A friend of his had three acres of 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 27 


—/| 78-— 


onions, and all had been eaten up, so the land had to be plowed and put 
into potatoes. The larve never came out in the day, but in the evening 
they came out in vast numbers and all hands turned out to capture them. 
A man and wife had between g and 12 P.M., collected 8 quarts of larva. 
In regard to the Hessian fly, that is so abundant in that part of the State 
that wheat culture is simply abandoned. 

Prof. Underwood says the maple zgerian has been common in Syra- 
cuse this year and many trees were literally full of larva, 

Prof. Osborn says in referrence to Sesta syring@ that in 1—14 inch 
ash twigs he has found them most abundant—tnose from larger trees con- 
tained mostly parasites. Caloplenus femur-rutrum has been abundant and 
attracted considerable attention—in fact some papers proclaimed the 
arrival of AZ. sprefus. They have done considerable damage to oat fields, 
cating off the heads, and in pasture lands, where the damage is less 
evident. 

In motion of Prof. Cook the meeting adjourned to meet again at the 
call of the President. 


(To be continued, ) 
a oe 


Notes and News. 


Dr. Goding writes us as follows: I have another piece of good news to report. 
‘Yennessee-—the most progressive of all the Southern States has made another ad- 
vance and appointed a State Entomologist. Prof. E. W. Doran, Principal of the 
London (Tenn.) Academy is the appointee and will at once enter upon his duties, 

Though not very well known to the entomological world, yet Prof. Doran has 
been a quiet, earnest student of the habits of insects for several years, and no doubt 
a bright future is before him. 

Little entomological work has been done in Tennessee, and, with a rich soil and 
fine magnolia groves about him we may well expect some fine fruit following Prof. 
Doran’s labors’’. 

Prof, Doran is unknown to us, and we await with interest the result of his work. 
It is always a pleasure to us to learn of a new worker, and in this case there is added 
the gratification that another State has recognized the importance of having an Ento- 
mologist. It might, perhaps, have been better, had a more experienced man been 
appointed, but we are willing to give our new friend a fair show. 


* * 
* 


Occasionally, in a narrative of travels an interesting observation on insect habits 
is made, and is very apt to be overlooked. Mr. E. A. Schwarz has handed us the 
following notes from ‘‘Die Thierwelt im Holliindischen Guiana’’ von Aug. Kappler.* 
Ausland 1885. P. 617. No. 31. Speaking of Bradypus cucculiga (Faulkner), an 
animal of the the size of a cat, covered with a fur of dense hair-like wool; and be- 
jonging to the Edentata, he says ‘‘In this thick fur there lives as a parasite, a Tineid, 


* Animal Life in Dutch Guiana, by Aug. Kappler. 
» DY 8 PP 


which when the animal is dead comes forth by the dozen and flies away’’. A para 
sitic Tineid is certainly a curiosity. 

P. 699, No. 35. Speaking of birds of the genus Cacicus, several of which in- 
habit Guiana, he says ‘‘Very remarkable are their friendly relations with several 
species of Polistes, well known to the Indians and negroes. The nests of these birds 
are never seen without a nest of these wasps in the immediate vicinity —sometimes so 
near that the bird when entering its own nest, touches the combs of the wasps, which 
are not at all disturbed by this proceeding; but they vigorously resist any attempt to 
disturb the birds’ nests. I know three species which are thus friendly with these birds’’. 

* * 
* 

The new Check List of Hemiptera Heteroptera will be ready for distribution to— 
ward the end of the present month. It will make about 30 pages, and will cost 50 
Cents per copy. Subscriptions to be sent to the Editor, at the National Museum, 
Washington, D. C. 

> © apo imme 


Book Notices. 


List of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. By Samuel Henshaw. 
Philadelphia. American Entomological Society. Roy. 8vo. pp. 161. Oct. 1885. 


We have received this publication, and are heartily glad to see it. M- 
Henshaw has earned the gratitude of every American Coleopterist, and we doubt not 
he will receive it. But the Am, Ent. Soc. has also done its part, and has furnished 
us with a book that for quality of paper, neatness and accuracy of typography, seeks 
its equal. There are 9238 species numbered, representing those forms known to 
American students. Species not yet identified are left without a number, and we 
regret to say there are quite a large number of them, Every Coleopterist should have 
- at least two copies. 

——_— _ $< 


Society News. 


Brooklyn Entomological Society. November 3d, 1885. — Twenty-four 
persons present; Mr. Cramer, the President, in the chair. Messrs. W. B. Tay- 
lor, Chas, Scott and Chas. Palm were elected members of the society. 

Mr, Smith read a paper on ‘‘Cosmosoma omphale,’”’ * illustrated by black- 
board sketches, describing a peculiar secondary sexual character, of the <j, 
noted at a previous meeting. Mr. Hy. Edwards exhibited the pupa and cocoon 
of the same insect, the latter of which is fine, rather loose, and of a bright lemon 
yellow. In response to a question, he stated that the larva was tufted, and 
somewhat Arctia form and he rather agreed with Mr. Butler that there ought to 
be a group Arclio-zygenide to which such species as this might belong as they 
had characters common to both groups. Mr. Smith illustrated the agreement 
of Cosmosoma with some of the Bombycide in genital structure, and _ stated, 
that, while undoubtedly strongly Bombycid in character, yet there were peculi- 
arities enough to put this species in the Syntomoidw. It is certainly not a 
Zygenid, Prof, Riley remarked on the peculiarity of the position of this 
structure. It had, he believed, the purpose of attracting the 2 and he thought 
that a rivalry might exist among males—he credited insects with sufficient 
psychic development to believe that the O might exercise choice in the matter 





* Which will be published in the next number, 


—180— 


of which <¢{ should be her mate. Mr. Weeks exhibited a series of D. archippus 
showing variations in depth of suffusion. 

Prof. Riley exhibited to the Society several colored ltnographic plates of 
Acronycta, imagines and larvee, and also of Cicada septendecim in various stages 
of development. After informal discussion the Society adjourned. 


Entomological Society of Washington, Nov. 19th. Mr. Otto Lugger 
read a paper on the larva of Caenia dimidiata (Fabr.), which is identical in ap- 
pearance with fig. 433 of Packard’s Guide, there called ‘‘related to Drilus” but 
which had never been bied. The larve were found in May 1883 in a cluster of 
214 specimens at the base of a willow, slightly covered with dead leaves. They 
much resembled the cast-off skins of Oniscus found in similar locations. 
Amongst the larvee were specimens of a young Helix exidently born there. Re- 
moved to a breeding cage they remained motionless for a few days, but then re- 
vived and moved about, but with extreme slowness of gait. The lateral appen- 
dages are hollow and inflexible. In ten days some transformed to pupz within 
the larval skins. The imago issued in six days and was perfectly white on first 
appearing, changing rapidly through light sky-blue to the normal coloring of 
blue and orange. The imagos copulated freely, but only one unfertilized egg 
was obtained. The speaker believed the larva to be phytophagic and not carni- 
yorous as suggested by Packard. 

‘The paper was discussed by Mr. Mann and Prof. Riley. Prof. Riley called 
attention to the similarity of habit between the Cenia just described and 
Lycus terminalis which he believed to be also a vegetable-feeder. 


Mr. B. P. Mann explained at length the Dewey decimal system of library 
arrangement and classification. His paper was discussed by Prof. Riley and 
Mr. Smith. Prof, Riley commended the system for large libraries but consider- 
ed its use a waste of time for small private collections of books. 

Mr. J. B. Smith read a translation of Dr. Gerstaecker’s paper on the posi-— 
tion of Pleocoma Lee., in the Lamellicorn series, from the Stettiner Entomol. 
Zeitung. 

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Schwarz and Smith and Prof. Riley. 
My. Schwarz endorsed Dr. Gerstaecker’s conclusions, but called attention to the 
lack of emphasis placed on Dr. Leconte’s original statement that the spe- 
cimen had no abdomen, and stated that after his second paper, Leconte made no 
redescription, and probably never re-examined his specimens, but based his 
conclusions as to the place of the genus on characters made out and embodied 
in his early articles. As to the larva called Pleocoma by Osten-Sacken, he re- 
marked that it was difficult to consider it a Lucanid, for no Lucanid of sufficient 
size is known fiom California —yet the larva could scarcely belong to any other 
group, and there was either an error in the locality, or there must exist a species 
not yet discovered. Possibly also the specimen was accidentally carried to the 
place where found. 


Mr. Howard made a statement to the effect that the Thoracantha floridana 
described by Mr. Ashmead in Entomologica Americana for August, as the first 
representative of its group found in the United States, is the same species which 
he (Mr. Howard) exhibited to the Society in June 1884, and which was origin- 
ally collected by Mr. Schwarz at Haw Creek, Florida, in July, 1883. 

L. O. HOWARD, Corr. Secy. 








VOL.I. BROOKLYN, JANUARY, 1886. 





Cosmosoma omphale.* 


By Joun B. Smita. 


At the Ann Arbor meeting of the .A.A.A.S.. Mr. H. G. Hubbard 
mentioned to me a peculiar flaxy or cottony substance concealed in a 
cavity in the abdomen of the ({\ of this species, and asked its use. The 
presence of this substance was entirely new to me, and so far as I have 
been able to discover since, no mention of it is made by any author, At 
my request, Mr. Hubbard who was prevented by indisposition from at- 
tending the meetings of the Entomological Club, sent some specimens 
through Mr. E. A. Schwarz, who presented the matter before the Club. 
He called attention toa broad plate at base *of abdomen—much larger 
than the ventral portion of the sub-basal segment, and stated that this 
covered a cavity in which was concealed a downy substance, sufficient in 
quantity when teased out to fill a small pill box. Considerable discus- 
sion on the nature and use of this structure was had; but all present 
were absolutely ignorant of its existence before this time. 


Mr. Hubbard has kindly given me a number of specimens of this 
insect and from them these notes are made. The intention at first was 
to give a description of this structure only; but on reflection it was decid- 
ed to figure and briefly describe the external anatomy of the entire insect. 

Lepidopterists have paid too little attention to the anatomical struc- 
ture of their pets, and as, sooner or later the study must become more 
specific in structural detail, it may save the future student some labor to 
have at least one species carefully figured. 

Right here it may perhaps be well to call attention to an error in 
my paper on the Zygaenidae, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, 77—84. On PI. 
ILI, fig. 25 the figure instead of representing Cosmosoma, really represents 
Didasys. The error occured in labelling the slides from which the 


* Read before the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Nov. 3, 1885. 


ate 


drawings were afterward made, and the word Cosmosoma wherever it oc- 
curs should read Didasys. I had no J specimen of Cosmosoma before 
me when that paper was written, hence my failure to note the peculiar 
structure hereafter described. 





The head presents nothing noteworthy, and the figures sufficiently 
explain its structure. The front is somewhat protuberant, nearly quad- 
rate, suddenly receding, and with a deep concavity below the base of 
the antenne, leaving a distinctly marked intervening carina extending to 
the suture. The ocelli are distinct, as usual situated close to the com- 
pound eye and behind the base of the antenne. 

The dorsum of thorax appears slightly lengthened in the figure, be- 
cause the convexity is not shown. Of the prothorax nothing is visible 
from above. 

The mesonotum or scutum is, as usual, the most prominent, and is 
oblong, somewhat widening posteriorly, The upper surface presents 
nothing of note, and does not seem to differ from its allies. Viewed from 
the side it shows more that is characteristic, and differs essentially from 
that of Zygaena by the slight development of the meta-thorax. No com- 
parisons can be made at present because of the lack of knowledge of 
allied forms, and I shall simply let the figure speak for itself. 

The abdomen is most peculiar. It consists of 8 segments, includ- 
ing the membraneous connecting segment at base, and excluding the 
specialized rings forming the genital armature. 

The membraneous ring at base consists of a dorsal plate a, an in- 
flated process, covering a spiracle, 4, and a minute sternal ring, not vis- 
ible from below unless the abdomen is removed. ‘The second dorsal 


53 


23 
segment is longest, and wider than the thorax, The 3rd is shorter and 
wider, while the 4th and sth are nearly equal in width and considerably 
shorter. From this point the segments narrow rapidly and shorten some- 
what. The ventral surface at first view presents only six segments: the 
basal ring is hidden as above stated, by the thorax, while the second 
covers the two following rings, leaving only a narrow rim of the 4th seg- 
ment exposed. The other segments present nothing remarkable, narrow- 
ing toward the tip; the last emarginate. The dorsal surface overlaps 
somewhat, and forms a beaded margin, more or less visible in various 
specimens and not marked in the Q. ‘The figure (2) will show the un— 
derside better than I can describe it. 

Taking a specimen that had been softened, I lifted the abdomen 
from the tip, and found that it bent readily, separating along the posterior 
edge of the second dorsal segment and presenting an appearance from 
the side as shown at figure 3, except that the silky substance was not 
shown. Above the large plate is a cavity extending upward half the 
diameter of the whole segment and filled with a pure white cottony sub- 
stance, consisting of very fine threads cut to exactly the same length, and 
compressed into the space as closely as it was possible to pack it. Tak- 
ing it out carefully the pad measured nearly 2 mm. in width by 0.5 mm. 
in thickness; left to dry a few minutes a slight puff separated the mass, 
so that, sticking together as a ball, it had expanded to fully 7 mm. in 
diameter. In the fourth segment was found a similiar cavity with a 
somewhat smaller pad of this fine silky or cottony substance, and added 
to the other, a ball fully ro mm. in diameter was formed, light as air, 
and fine as the finest floss silk. A section of the abdomen of a specimen 
barely softened, presented the appearance shown in figure 6. 

In the 2nd segment the cavity opens and is exposed by the simple 
lifting of the abdomen or dropping the covering plate. The third seg- 
ment is reduced ventrally to a narrow ring, lined inside with a fine elastic 
membrane to which the second pad is attached, and this rests in the ven- 
‘tral half of the fourth segment which is empty, but otherwise normal, 
except that it is not united to the 3rd at its anterior edge, By flexion of 
the abdomen the distance between the edges of the 3rd and 4th segments 
is widened and the pad, unattached inferiorly, is exposed. Fig. 3 shows 
the appearance of the cavities in profile, while fig. 6 represents a section 
of the abdomen, the fine lines indicating the pad. 

The cavities extend upward to the center of the segments, where 
they are separated by’a thin chitinous wall; below this, and lining the 
caVities, is a thin elastic membrane, forming a complete sac. On_ this 
the superior or attached portions of the pad rest. 

The upper portion of segments 2 and 3 are empty—i.e. all the or- 


—184.— 


gans of the abdumen are crowded into the terminal segments, leaving the 
2nd and 3rd hollow. The stigmata opening into these segments are 
large and distinct. 

Completely softening a specimen and detaching the abdomen, I 
Hexed it so that the cavities were opened, and then inserting a tube into 
the upper portion of the segment, having first punctured the septum di- 
viding segments 2 and 3 superiorly, I found that I could distend the 
fine membrane lining the lower cavity, causing it to present the appear- 
ance shown at fig. 5, in section, and in fig. 3 in profile. 

It is very probable that the insect has the power of voluntarily flex- 
ing the abdomen, and thus opening the cavities, and also of inflating 
the membrane to protrude this silky substance, which a breath of air 
would then dilate, and this pure white substance contrasting with the 
deep black venter and bright red thorax and legs must present a very 
pretty appearance. The obvious explanation of this structure would 
seem to be that the display made would prove attractive to the female 
and the insect might strut about, exhibiting itself like a peacock or a 
turkey gobbler. There is however one difficulty in the way of this ex- 
planation. ‘The attachment of the cottony pad to the membrane is so 
exceedingly slight, that the faintest puff of air, ora mere touch witha 
fine needle detaches it, and it seems scarcely possible that once displayed 
it could ever again be retracted and packed away into place. This would 
seem to indicate that the display would also mean the loss of the sub- 
stance, and vet every male! have been able to find in collections, appear- 
ed to have this pad intact and all of them had the cavities tightly closed 
as well. Then too, it would seem likely that such a display would have 
been noticed, for these insects. are not uncommon, Mr. Hubbard says 
tney are quit abundant in sunny spots in the woods near Crescent City, 
Fla., and he will try to observe them more carefully. It would be well 
if-all Entomologists in the regions where this insect is found would try 
to observe its habits closely. 

The genital structure allies the insect closely to some families of the 
Bombycidae. ‘Vhe supra-anal plate is broad and corneous, narrowing to- 
ward tip, where the sides are produced into moderately long acute hooks, 
bent outwards, and the points downward; while the middle is modified 
into a broad, rather short hook with rounded tip, bent downward. The 
side pieces are broad, chitinous and inwardly concave at base, suddenly 
narrowing half way to tip and produced into a long, corneous, curved 
hook. Fig. 7 will show the appearance of these organs from below, 
giving the names of the parts; The central, narrow plate is the sheath 
of penis, 

The venation is shown at fig. 1. The primaries are twelve-veined. 


PTB 


No. 1 is the internal vein which is close to the hind margin. Between it 
and the median vein is a false vein, or fold, so closely resembling a true 
vein that until fully denuded, its spurious character is not apparent. In 
a species in which the wings are hyaline and only the veins clothed with 
scales this is especially likely to mislead, as here the false vein is as 
distinctly shown as any of the others 


Vein two runs from the outer third of median vein with a downward 
curve to outer margin Yein three from meadian nearly half way be- 
tween the inception of vein 2, and the end ofthe median, to cuter 
margin. Vein six from a short spur at the end of sub-costal. The median 
cell is imperfectly closed by inward spurs from the end of median and 
sub-costal, which, perfectly distinct at their inception become faint and 
thread like before they join. Through the centre of the median cell, 
half way to the base, and the same distance toward the outer margin. 
runs a distinct fold or false vein, Vein seven forms the continuation of 
the sub-costal, and gives rise to veins 10 and 8, one quarter from its in- 
ception. Vein 8 runs to apex, giving rise to vein g at its middle. Vein 
g runs to costa, as does also vein 10. Vein 11 runs from the sub-costal, 
one fourth from tip to the costa, rather less than one fourth from apex of 
wing. Vein 12—the costal vein, runs from base to costa, rather less 
than one third from tip. 


The secondanes have but five veins; No. 1 is the internal; 2 and 3 
are together from the end of the median; 4 and 5 together from the end 
of the sub-costal. There is no costal vein, The median cell is closed 
by a long inward loop. 

The figure will better explain the course of the veins than words of 
mine can do. ‘The frenelum is present but is weak and hair like. It 
is simple in the %. 

The legs are moderately long and slender; closely scaled. Anterior 
with tibial epiphyses small; median with a pair of terminal spurs and 
posterior with two pairs of spurs. The tarsi are not spinulated but 
clothed beneath with rather stiff hair. The claws are simple, 

The antenna are lengthily bi-pectinate nearly to the tip, where the 
joints are serrate. In one specimen I counted sixty-three joints. In the 
Q the pectinations are not so long, 

The palpi are of the usual form and proportion, and as shown in 
the figure. . 

In conclusion, the discovery of this remarkable structure in so pro- 
minent and well known a form as Cosmosoma omphale, shows how little 
we really know as yet of the Lepidoptera, and how wide a field exists for 
the careful and conscientious student, 


2 


=a SO 


COCOON OF C, OMPHALE. 

At the November meeting of the BrookLtyn ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
Mr. Hy. Edwards exhibited the cocoon of this species as a supplement to 
the preceeding paper. It is a clear lemon yellow, oval, somewhat flat- 
tened and fastened to the underside of a leaf. ‘here is a basis consisting 
of a thin silky fabric, and on this are ranged the long yellow hair that 
ceive the color to the whole. These hairs arelong, apparently nearly equal 
in length, and furnished with minute hooks and bristles, enabling them 
to felt readily. Interpersed, are a few hair with black bushy tips and 
sometimes with also a circle of black bristles at middle. It would seem 
therefore that the larva must be somewhat Arca like. The pupa is pale, 
rather sordid in color, with the wings, antennze and legs well defined. 
It resembles very much the Orgyia pupa in color and shape, except that 
the abdomen is blunt and terminates abruptly. Both cocoon and pupa 
indicate a strong Bombycid relationship, not with the Arctiidze however, 
but rather with the Dasychirae. 

a 


Note on Papilio Asterias ad * 
By Fr. TEPPER. 


I have brought with me this evening some specimens of Papilio 
asterias to show some of the variations, the species is subject to. In the 
first place I do not think it has ever been recorded that asferzzs occurs 
with a blind ocellus; that is with the orange anal spot without any trace 
of a black spot. I have such a specimen in my collection bred from the 
larva in Flatbush several years ago—the specimen as will be seen is in 
fine condition and leaves no question of a doubt that this form occurs. 
Moreover it is a male specimen, and this sex is much less given to branch 
off into aberrations than are the females. Besides we have what might 
be called inter-gradations, specimens in which the spot assumes different 
shapes, such as lobes or mere specks, all of which tends to show that 
there is a predisposition to take on abnormal forms. Now this is the 
main fact I desired to establish; but while on the subject 1 would point 
out some other variations into which the species is apt to run, and these 
are more frequently confined to the female sex. The yellow bands, as is 
generally known, are not so heavy in the females as in the males, al- 
though oecasional females have these bands just as heavy as the males. 
I have found that the inner yellow band on the secondaries of the females 
is subject to very striking variations—in fact disappearing altogether in 
some instances. The specimens I exhibit will show this tendency very 
well indeed, as they range from the heavily banded ones to those lack- 


* Read before ihe Brooklyn Entomological Society, Oct. 6, 1885. 


—187— 


ing this band entirely. Another tendency to branch off is shown in the 
marginal row of spots on the secondaries These in the normal form 
are yellow, but as my specimens will show, the same spots are sometimes 
yellow, sometimes greenish or bluish, and sometimes even bright orange 
—this variation, as far as I have noticed, is also confined to the females, 
All the specimens exhibited were bred from larve found on carrots in 
my garden at Flatbush. In connection with this subject I would say 
that collectors should endeavor to gather more material of our common 
species. I know well how it is. A collector has a pair of aséertas in 
his collection and deems this sufficient. When in the field he disdains 
to look at aséerzas, much less to capture one. I myself would not advise 
old collectors to capture the mature insect, for the reason that the few 
met with are in the first place generally not fit for the cabinet, and in the 
second place I believe but occasional varieties are met with in the few that 
come under our notice. Collectors ought to bend their energy towards 
raising them, either from the egg, or from larvae, which can be picked 
up in quantities in any carrot field. Among 50 or 100 specimens you 
are almost sure to find some interesting forms, which will pav one for 


the trouble taken, 
<-> 


Concerning Cremastochilus. 
By Geo. H. Horn, M.D. 

In the early part of this year I received word from Mr. J. J. Rivers 
of California that he had what he supposed might by a new species of 
Cremastochilus. ‘The specimen was kindly loaned to me and on close 
examination proved to be a C. Schaum in which an accidental notch of 
irregular triangular form had been made in the hind angles of the thorax. 
In this species the hind angles are formed of thin triangular plates. 
Shortly after this matter had been settled, a similar communication was 
received from Dr. Hamilton, and on seeing the specimen he referred to, 
it proved to be a canaliculatus in which both hind angles had been lost. 
The following letter from Dr. Hamilton gives the details. 

‘‘Dear Sir: 

The two specimens of Cremastochilus canaticulatus submitted to you 
were taken in June of the present year (1885) about two weeks apart, 
and in the same ants nest. The first one taken had the hind parts of 
the thorax so abnormal (the angles, or rather processes being entirely 
wanting) that I considered it a new species, till the other specimen was 
found with the enucleation of the angular pieces so far advanced that 
they were movable and might have been detached by a little pressure; 
though in the dried insect the mobility is lost, and the notch between it 
and the body of the thorax is much narrower than in life. On carefully 


ol 88— 


examining the first specimen it will be seen that it once possessed these 
processes, as there is in the basal excavation on each side a roughened 
or alveolate space showing the place of attachment. The uniformity of 
surface of these spaces in connection with what is seen in the other speci- 
men proves conclusively that their loss is not owing to an accident. 
These, with other questions present themselves. Are these pieces decidu- 
ous like the horns of the Cervidee, or are they gnawed out by the ants? 
And in the latter case, what for? Does the same thing occur in other 
species? Yours truly Joun Haminton.” 

The specimen submitted to me by Mr. Rivers showed plainly an 
inequality in the notching of the hind angles of the thorax as well as an 
irregularity of the edges of the notch. It is my belief that the irregular- 
ities in the Rivers and Hamilton specimens are the work of the ants, 
with which the specimens were found and _ I have long held the opinion 
and have so published it, that the pubescens depressed spaces near the 
front and under the hind angles of most of the species, are glandular, 
and give a secretion very palatable to the ants, and these, almost reason- 
ing insects, finding the processes in their way have deliberately removed 
them, either partially as in the Rivers specimen, or entirely as in the other. 
That the processes are naturally deciduous, as are the horns of the Cervidae 
or the mandibular appendages of the Otiorhynchs is hardly supposable. 

“Mr. Schwarz has also made some observations bearnig on this point, 
as follows: 

In May 1883 while on an excursion in the vicinity of Washington, I 
came across a large ant hill constructed by a species of Hormica which is 
allied to, but not identical with, / rufa. My attention was at once at- 
tracted by three objects on top of the ant hill, which at first glance ap- 
peared to be compact masses of ants. Upon looking closer to each 
of the masses proved to consist of a living Cremastochilus attended 
by numerous ants which held on with their mandibles to the legs, 
the head, the sides of the thorax of the beetles, in short wherever 
there was a chance for them to hold on. That they did not intend to do 
any harm to the beetles was evident, and it seerned to me that they in- 
tended to prevent the escape of the Cremastochili from their colony. 
Herein they were evidently successful, as upon waiting for a considerable 
length of time there was no change in the situation, I then proceded to 
investigate the interior of the ant hill, which consisted of numerous layers 
of intricate galleries and chambers, all built of rather loose earth without 
any sticks or other debris, Within the chambers several more Cremasto- 
chilus were found but not attended to by ants. At this as well as at 
previous occasions I failed to find any trace of the larva or pupa of Cre- 
mastochilus either within or beneath the ant hill. E. A, SCHWARZ. 


—189— 


Hypocephalus Armatus, De m.* 
By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S. 


My attention was drawn to this. Brazilian beetle by an article of M. 
Lameere in the Annals of the Belg. Ent. Soc., which presents so many 
curious features that I have thought some aggount of it, and more partic- 
ularly of the recent discoveries by Messrs. Sharp and Lameere would 
not be uninteresting. 

In the first place, it has caused the students of classification, as 
much anxious thought as any insect in existence, and has occupied a 
place in almost every group known. It was described in 1832 by Des- 
marest, and placed by him among the Sv/phzdae, where it remained until 
Westwood transferred it to the Cucujidae. From that family it travelled 
into the Longworns under the guidance of several eminent entomologists, 
where it remains at present in the catalogue of Gemminger & Harold 
and in the estimation of our European colleagues. Curtis published 
however in 1854 a long dissertation attempting to prove its Lamellicorn 
affinities, and Gistl, Spinola, and Leconte have each made it the sole re- 
presentative of a separate family, as to the name and affinities of which, 
however, no two agree. Dr. Leconte’s view, based upon an examination 
of a specimen.contained in the Brazilian exhibit, at our Centennial Ex- 
position, is the most interesting. He considers it a survival of an ancient 
family the other members of which are extinct. He shows by a careful 
examination of those parts, which experience has shown are least liable 
to variation, that it cannot be included in any family as at present con- 
stituted, while its various parts show such relationships, with many of 
them, as to indicate the possibility of their being descended from it. M. 
Lameere devotes a considerable space to controverting this view, and by 
supposing a modification of these parts in recent times, makes it a mem- 
ber of the Longicorn group. 

The principal features to which I would draw attention are as fol- 
lows: The five-jointed tarsi, the very short antenna, the fossorial legs, 
and especially the enormously developed hind femora; (these will be 
considered with the habits of the insect); the manner in which the head 
joins the thorax, leaving a large space beneath, filled with a soft mem- 
brane. (This character is found in very few families and is of the 
greatest interest.) The peculiar form of the mandibles is highly interesting, 
and they are capable of motion in a vertical plane, as well as outwards. 
This character is met with elsewhere only in the Rhynchophora. Of course 
the enormous thorax and short elytra attract attention at once. The 
thoracic interior is filled with powerful muscles operating the head and 
_ * Read before the Brooklyn Entomological Society, Sept. 1, 1885. 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 29 


mandibles. The creature is aptly characterized by Dr. Leconte as re- 
sembling nod other beetle so much as an insect of an entirely different 
order—the mole cricket. And yet so wonderful are the operations of 
nature, that the discovery of the unique life history of this beetle shows a 
perfect adaptation of each of these discordant parts to the needs of its 
owner. Baad 

The first specimens were said to have been found in the carcass of a 
dead horse: which perhaps accounts for its original reference to the S7/- 
phidae. Subsequently specimens were found dead upon the ground, and 
the discovery that an Asiatic beetle somewhat resembling this pupated 
underground, led to the suspicion that it also might be subterraneanin 
habit; which suspicion the investigations of M. de Lacerde has practi- 
cally converted to certainty. Under this hypothesis you can easily under- 
stand the value of its special adaptation. By the movement of head and 
mandibles, directed by the powerful muscles of the thorax, it can loosen 
and push aside the particles of decaying vegetable matter, of which the 
soil of Brazilian forests 1s composed, its front legs aiding in the work, 
while the strong hind legs push the entire body forward through the 
passage thus partially prepared. Even the extraordinarily developed 
fringe of hair at the margin of the prosternum would have its use in such 
a process, brushing the membrane clean of all particles of dirt each time 
the head was retracted within the thorax. If it wishes to retreat through 
the hole it has made, the tibize fit exactly into the femora, and they under 
the abdomen; leaving the pointed elytra to open the way for the passage 
of the large bulk of the insect: thus the creature is able to live and travel 
about for an indefinite period underground, feeding upon the tender 
roots, and perfectly secure from the attacks of its enemies. And now we 
can see how Dr. Leconte’s theory of the very ancient origin of this beetle 
is confirmed, for it is not supposable that such forests as those of Brazil 
are of recent origin. On the contrary it is well known that portions of 
the globe were once covered with tropical-like growth, yielding among 
their roots a soil of softer consistency than we anywhere find now, thus 
affording ample opportunity for such subterranean beetles as AZ, armutus 
to gain a living in their own peculiar way. The presumption would 
therefore be, that their numbers would be proportionally great, and this 
bone of contention may well be the last living relic of a time when man 
was not upon the globe. 

To come now to the recent discoveries which have been somewhat 
anticipated in the last paragraph. The function of the sharply prolonged 
lateral lobes of the head was unknown until Mr. Sharp’s article ex- 
plained them. I should also say that the capacity of movement con- 
tained in the head was known to very few. All specimens have been 


—I1g9I— 


found dead with the head in its position of retraction, that is, not only 
drawn in close to the thorax above, but completely bent under the 
thorax just as in the pupze of many Cerambycidae, It is capable of this 
elsewhere unknown movement through the possession of the large mem- 
brane between the head and the thorax. The specimen Dr. Leconte had 
for examination was evidently in this position, for he makes no mention 
ofthe membrane, which could not have escaped his eye had it not been 
concealed within the thorax. The drawings of Curtis show it perfectly, 
but it appears to have been overlooked by subsequent writers. This fact 
explains also why so many have failed to appreciate the suggestion of a 
subterranean career in the beetle’s appearance, for with its head tucked 
under its wing, as it were, the mighty and warlike A. arma/us becomes 
heavy, purposeless, even stupid in aspect. 

Mr. Sharp in an article in the Annals of the Belgian Soc for 1884 
states, that having softened a damaged specimen, he found, that upon 
overcoming the resistance of the powerful muscles contained in the thorax, 
he was able to make the head execute the complete movement of flex- 
ion and contraction, Putting the head into its natural position, he was 
able to inspect carefully the soft membrane thus brought to light. In 
doing so he made the interesting discovery of the wound which had prob- 
ably caused the death of the insect. That it had been inflicted during 
the life of the insect, was conclusively proved by the dried serum sur- 
rounding the wound: and, from the shape corresponding exactly with 
the shape of the genal processes of the head, it was highly probable 
that it had been inflicted by another individual with one of those parts. 
Instances of combats between males for the possession of females are 
known in many groups of animals, and even among man, so that there 
is nothing improbable in Mr. Sharp’s supposition that the wound he dis- 
covered, was caused in such a combat. ‘his, according to Mr. Sharp, 
would explain the great development of their genal processes; and, 
carrying out the theory of sexual selection, even the other characters. 
The beetles in their combats would endeavor to wound one another in 
the highly vulnerable soft membrane. An individual finding himself 
worsted in the fight, would need all the strength of the powerful muscles 
of contraction to hold his head close down to the thorax, and_ thus pre- 
vent his opponent reaching the weak point in his chitinous armor, His 
enemy on the other hand would use his mandibles to pry him open, 
and bracing himself with his stout hind legs, the struggle would go on 
until the weaker brother was defeated. Thus, according to Mr, Sharp, 
the individual deficient in the peculiar weapons of offense and defense, 
would often fail to secure a mate, and in the long run the majority would 
leave no offspring to perpetuate their failings: and in the series of ages 


during which the species has existed, the gradual disappearance of poor- 
ly developed specimens has produced the present monstrosity—a monu- 
ment to the evil passions of the Coleoptera. 

Mr. Sharp is deeply grieved at such an immoral proceeding and I 
quote his closing and affecting words: “If 1am correct in my suppositions 
“about this insect, those of us who are evolutionists will have to admit 
“that the organisation of this extraordinary creature has been evoluted 
“in correlation with sexual combats through a long series of ages, 
‘‘and there has thus resulted a most extraordinary perfection of struct- 
‘‘ures directly and indirectly connected with this object. This is so 
‘abhorrent to our moral sense, that we may feel gratified that we can 
“also point to the fact, that these structures are unique, and that out 
‘‘of hundreds of thousands of insects now known to us, there is nothing 
“to indicate that any other has passed through a similar evolutionary 
STeecords.) 

It will be observed that Mr. Sharp does not allude to the subterranean 
life of the insect, of which ne appears in fact to have been ignorant, for 
he regrets that he can furnish no satisfactory explanation of the form of 
the hind femora, unless they assist in the sexual combats as sketched 
above. It was reserved for M. Lameere to revive the previously known 
fact of the insect being subterranean, and thus complete its history as I 
have given it above—taking most of my facts from M. Lameere’s article. 
M. Lameere examined a number of specimens, and found in several, the 
wounds of which Mr. Sharp wrote, and in one specimen a similar one in 
the much smaller upper membrane, He therefore adopts Mr. Sharp’s 
theory as to their cause and of the development of the lateral processes 
by sexual selection; but considers that the other parts have attained their 
present form entirely through a process of natural selection, due to the 
subterranean habit of the beetle. 

To return to its position in classification for a moment; M. Lameere 
in support of his placing 4. armafus among the Longicorns advances 
some interesting theories as to the antenne and tarsi. In his own words: 
“It is scarcely necessary to remark that long antennz would be ex- 
‘tremely inconvenient for a longicorn so well adapted to a subterranean 
‘‘life and that even on the surface they would be useless, since it has 
“lost its wings. And as to the tarsi, just as the limbs of Mammalia 
‘‘were originally furnished with five fingers which diminished in number 
“‘under special circumstances, so the legs of Coleoptera seem to have once 
“uniformly terminated in five-jointed tarsi, which have varied in the 
‘‘process of evolution, as they were needed for running or for attaching 
‘the insect to trees. If the insect needed adaption to walking or 
“running habits, its tarsi would become as long as possible; and there- 


“fore such families now present the primitive form of five-jointed tarsi. 
“If however the insect was, as in Longhorns, in the habit of attaching 
“itself to trees, these would need to be as short and compact as pos- 
“sible, and hence the fourth joint has disappeared. The subterranean 
“life of Hypocephalus has simply restored its primitive form.” 

Leaving these speculations, we certainly have in Hypocephalus arma- 
/us a most interesting addition to our knowledge of natural history, in a 
beetle so modified, that at first glance it does not resemble its order at all, 
and even after fifty years still baffles the attempts of our most learned 
Entomologists to place it properly in that order, 

To those who are inclined to the theories of evolution, it furnishes 
once more a striking example of what changes peculiar circumstances can 
bring about, and of the perfect operation of the processes of Natural 
Selection. 


ee 2 
Editorial vagaries. 


We have just looked over the back Nos. of Ent. Am. with a feeling 
of satisfaction at the value of their contents; but we cannot help feeling 
also that some parts—even the most valuable—are dry; very dry. Science 
s, by outsiders, supposed to be dry, and Entomology as a science ought 
necessarily to be dry also. It seems an inevitable deduction that if En- 
tomology is dry, Fntomologists also should suffer from drouth, And 
perhaps too, that explains the fact we have noticed, that all Entomologi- 
cal Societies that we have attended, have, without special motion, but 
with remarkable unanimity, wended their way, after adjournment, to some 
convenient locality where liquid refreshments were dispensed. When the 
Brooklyn Ent. Soc. arrives in force, there is always a new keg put up, for 
science is sometimes very dry indeed, and over the cup that cheers, the 
lights of our science hold forth to a group of special admirers, and in so- 
cial chat experiences are exchanged, and much valuable information 
gained. With Messrs. Edwards, Neumoegen, Hulst,* Graef, Tepper, and 
other Lepidopterists of note at one end of the table, Dr. Horn, Messrs 
Julich, Leng, Roberts, Angell et al, Coleopterists, at the other, “ye editor’* 
oscillating between, the hours fly unheeded, and, with a sigh of regret, the 
meeting finally adjourns: each member fuller than before—of BONE: 
logical wisdom of course. 


* Temperance drinks only! 


Sometimes valuable observations are given at these ‘‘annex” meet 
ings, which, but for the ‘‘chiel amang them taking notes” would never 
be ‘‘prented.” 


* * 
* 


At the recent “annex” meeting of the Ent. Soc. of Washington—pre- 
sent C. V. Riley, Ph. D., President; Geo. Marx, M. D., Vice President; 
E, A. Schwarz; Rec. Secy.; L, O. Howard, Cor. Secy.; ‘‘ye editor,” as re. 
presentative of the rank and file, and Prof. H. Osborn as honored guest— 
there was observed a roach—Blatla germanica. Roaches are not so scarce 
in Washington as to merit special attention; but the members having all 
run very dry on Entomology generally, seized upon the subject with rel- 
ish—i. e. not with the same relish that the sadject of Cicada was seized up- 
on by some members of this society on a previous occasion; but with a- 
different, less gastronomical relish. 

Prof. Riley related that in his office there was a roach that had_be- 
come quite tame and familiar.* It manifested no fear of him, would 
watch him at his work and would, when a finger was presented climb on 
it, run round on his hand, and make itself very much at home. 

Mr. Howard stated that he also had a tame roach, and this specimen 
had a fondness for tobacco. He would, when smoking, occasionally lay 
his cigar on the edge of one of the drawers of his desk, and the roach would 
come to the moist end and feast on nicotine. When taking up the cigar 
again he would shake off the roach who would wait until it was again re- 
placed, and again resume his feast. 

Another member, who modestly desires to have his name with- 
held, thought that insect intelligence had been much _ under- 
rated. A young lady friend of his had a pet roach that used to frequent 
her dressing case drawers, and used to expect and appreciate, the little 
tendernesses and endearments its mistress accorded it. For three years, 
or thereabouts it lived happily; but then, for a short time its mistress re- 
fused to notice it—other matters on her mind probably—and this the 
little pet took so to heart that it deliberately made a feast on ‘‘Pearl Pow- 
der,” knowing of its poisonous qualities, and died. Deliberately com- 
mitting suicide! A marvelous instance of Insect intelligence! 


* * 
* 


Sea shore collecting, which is often very remunerative, has its disad- 
vantages if pursued on frequented shores. Every passer-by stares: pity- 
ingly in some instances; curiously in others. That might be endured; 
but they ask questions: why do you collect? what do you do with them? 
Usually we tell them they are used to flavor chowder, which despite our 


* The editor has also found Washington roaches very familiar indeed on very 
short acquaintance. 


—19s— 


clerical appearance does not always seem to meet with entire belief. Mr. 
Schwarz says they are used in making fever medicine, and as Mr, S. has 
a thoroughly medical look, his explanation is usually deemed satisfactory. 

Sometimes neither explanation will work and then such rencontres 
as the following may happen. Collecting industriously near Fortress 
Monroe, Mr, Lugger was accosted by an army officer who asked the usual 
questions. Considering his questioner Mr. Lugger tried to explain. 
‘“‘Hum”—replied the officer—‘‘bugs eh! Humbugs I guess” and passed 
on. Later on the officer again came along with all the pride of uniform 
and a fair lady on each arm, and found Mr. Lugger examining a_speci- 
men of TZe/rodon turgidus a bladder fish, which had been cast up and 
was inflated. - ‘What's that; not a bug too is it?” was demanded. He 
was informed it was a fish. ‘‘What’s its name; do you know?” That also 
was given as above. ‘Oh nonsense! I want an English name if it’s got 
one.” ‘‘Oh yes!” replied Mr. Lugger, remembering the ‘thumbug”, “we 
call it the officer fish.” ‘Officer fish?” queried his now interested inter- 
locutor ‘‘Why Officer fish?’’ ‘‘Because it is usually so puffed up” was 
the answer, which caused the ignominious retreat of the young magnate 
amid the laughter of his fair companions. 


* * 
* 


Curious mistakes sometimes occur in foreign Journals, commenting 
on American works, because of insufficient knowledge of English. In 
the “Relazioni intorno ai lavori della R. Stazioni di Entomologia Agraria, 
di Firenze 1879-82 issued in 1884, S. Targioni Tozetti gives a review of 
Prof. Comstock’s paper on Coccidz in the Rept. of the U. S. Entomolo- 
gist Some years ago; giving in parallel columns the species, and the plant 
or tree it infests and the locality where found. Among others we find 
Mytilaspis pandanni n. sp. feeding on TZrealease at Cambridge. Mr. 
Trealease is pretty well known, but that he had a special Cocczd infesting 
him may be news. Ofcourse Mr. T. was in the original referred to as 
collector. Another error in the paper credits Prof. Comstok with the 
Chalcidide described in his Report, while Mr. Howard is in reality an- 
swerable for them. 

Prof. Comstock has hard luck—in the Berliner bot. Zeitschrift for 
1882 he is three times referred to as “Prof. Cornstalk.” Bound to make 
a botanical specimen even out the name it seems. 


* * 
* 


Our Editorial labors for the year are about closed—-the present num- 
ber especially has required serious thought and much deliberation, and 
with a sigh of relief we put away our editorial paraphernalia, wishing 
each of our readers most heartily “A Happy New Year;” and as we feel 
charitably disposed, we will also wish them anything else they may desire. 


—196— 


Food-Plants of Lepidoptera.* 
(No. 2. Smerinthus exczecatus, A. & S.) 
BY WM. BEUTENMULLER. 
Leguminosae. 


Wistaria sinensis, Dec. (Chinese Wistaria. ) 


Rosaceae. 
Prunus virginiana, L. (Choke-Cherry.) Rubus odoratus, L. ‘Purple-Flowering 
*©  serotina, Ehr. (Wild Black Cherry.) Raspberry. ) 
Spiraea opulifolia, L. (Nine Bark.) Pyrus malus, Tourn. (Apple.) 
Urticaceae. 
Ulmus fulva, Michx, (Slippery or Ulmus alata, Michx. (Whahoo or 
Red Elm.) Winged Elm.) 
«* americana, L. (American or ** suberosa, Mouch. 


Wild Elm.) 


Cupuliferae. 
Quercus palustris, Du Roi. (Smamp or Ostrya virginica, Willd. (American 
Pin Oak.) Hop Hornbeam. ) 
«© coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) Carpinus americana, Michx. 
Corylus americana, Walt. (Wild (Hornbeam. ) 
Hazel-Nut.) 
Betulaceae. 
Betula alba, L. (White Birch. Betula var, populifolia, Spach. 
Salicaceae. 
Salix cordata, Muhl. (Heart-leaved Populus tremuloides, Michx. (American 
Willow. ) Aspen. ) 
** lucida, Muhl. (Shining Willow. ) *¢  grandidentata, Michx. (Large- 
‘¢ fragilis, L. (Brittle Willow.) toothed Aspen.) 
«© alba, L. (White Willow.) ** angulata, Ait. (Angled 
** Babylonica, Tourn, (Weeping Cottonwood. ) 
Willow. ) ‘© monilifera, Ait. (Cottonwood, 


Necklace Poplar.) 
$< 


Notes and News. 


The Rev. A. Matthews establishes** the new genus Corylophodes which is ex- 
ternally distinguished from Corylophus by the antennz having If joints (9 in Cory- 
lophus) by the small thorax with the posterior angles either obtuse. or rectangular 
(produced and acute in Corylophus), and by the elytra being much broader than the 
thorax. The mouth parts are said to differ strikingly in the two genera but are not 
described. 

The new genus includes Corylophus marginicollis and truncatus from North 
America, two species from the Sandwich Islands and a number of species from Central 
America, the old genus Corylophus being restricted to the two European species and 
a third from the Atlantic Islands. E. A. SCHWARZ. 


* Commenced in Papilio, Vol. IV, p. 155. 
** Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, XXII, Dec, 1885, p. 160. 


— 197— 


A generic Synopsis of the Hymenopterous family 
Chalcididae. 


By L. O. Howarp. 


As an endorsement of the plan adopted by the editor of Enromo- 
LOGICA AMERICANA | present the following synopsis of one of the families 
of parasitic Hymenoptera which I have been studying in a somewhat de- 
sultory manner for the past few years. In it I lay no claim to originality, 
but present it as a simple compilation from Foerster, Thomson, Mayr, 
Walker, Halliday, Cameron, Rondani and other writers. I do not con- 
fine it to American genera for the obvious reason that the family has been 
so little studied in this country, that European genera new in America 
will be recognized almost every day by the student. I have followed Dr. 
Williston’s synopses in marking with an asterisk all genera which have 
not up to this date been found in America north of Mexico. I shall 
preface the consideration of each sub-family, where practicable, with a 
statement of works of reference. I would remind those who have occa- 
sion to use these tables that they will find a tolerably complete list of the 
species so far described in North America in Bulletin 5 of the Division 
of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and take this occasion 
to call attention to the only important omission so far discovered in 
this list, namely, the nineteen species of Chalcididz described by l’Abbe 
L. Provancher in his ‘‘Petite Faune Entomologique de Canada”. I much 
regret having inadvertently omitted these species. I shall carry my synop- 
sis in this number only to the twenty sub-families into which the family 
is naturally subdivided. ‘The style of arrangement which I have adopted 
is used at the suggestion of Mr, Cresson and to enable him to readily in- 
corporate this work with his synopsis of the whole order Hymenoptera, 
which, I am glad to state, he intends to publish shortly. 


Family CHALCIDIDAE ( Westwood). 


Tarsi 5-jointed. Anterior tibize armed with a large curved spur, Antenne usually 
Gaariyalaittednicos see ema SS... we ....Section MACROCENTRI. 
Tarsi usually 4-, rarely 3-jointed, very rarely hcteromerous. Anterior tibiz with a 

delicate, short, straight spur. Antennz usually with few joints... ..... 
Section MICROCENTRI. 


Section MACROCENTRI Thomson. 


Posterior femora much swollen. 
Fore wings folded. Ovipositor of female curved over dorsum of abdomen........ 
Subfamily Leucospinae. 
Fore wings not folded. Ovipositor protruding but slightly.................. 
Subfamily Chalcidinae. 
Posterior femora not greatly enlarged. 
Thorax strongly developed, much arched and deeply punctate. 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 30 


—198— 


Stigmal vein not developed. Second abdominal segment inclosing the rest... .. . 
Subfamily Eucharinae_ 
Stigmal vein developed. All abdominal segments plainly seen................ 


Subfamily Perilampinae- 
Thorax not greatly developed. 
Collar large. Antenne many-jointed. Parapsidal sutures of mesonotum 
complete. 
Body not metallic. Sides of the mesoscutellum almost straight.............. 
Subfamily Eurytominae. 
Body metallic. Sides of the mesoscutellum both curved................ 
Subfamily Toryminae. 
Collar small, frequently not visible in the middle. Antenne usually with few 
joints. 
Mesosternal pleura not discernible. Middle legs long, saltatorial, with very long 
tibial spur. 
Marginal vein long. Occipital border of vertex rounded. Antenne 13- 
OCCA yay. Sts.U Yeldiow wie ea ea ee cleats we Subfamily Eupelminae. 
Marginal vein usually very short. Antennz usually 11-jointed. Occipital 
margin of vertexusually acute. Parapsidal sutures of mesoscutum ob- 
literated etm atne. 1 Atel eireiet) s telecls Subfamily Encyrtinae. 
Mesosternal pleura usually well marked, Middle legs not saltatorial. First 
tarsal joint not swollen and incrassate. 
Antenne 8-jointed. Parapsidal sutures plain. Middle tibial spur moderately 
Morn gy Sie iatayoraynfansltores tyecetsio crap MMR ESTa ee ses sao sxeheeiie)e Subfamily Aphelininae. 
Antennee 10—I3-jointed. 
Antenne 10-jointed, inserted just above the mouth, rounded and produced 
atiapexn Abdomensalmtostisessile. sterile: Subfamily Pireninae. 
Antenne 12- or 13-jointed, 
Antenne 12-jointed, funicle 5-jointed. Pronotum very short, scarcely 
visible in the middle. Submarginal vein subangulate, stigmal club 
often large. Abdomen almost sessile. Parapsides of mesonotum 


GUSTIN Si ences es ce Meshes: 0: ese alo che ats Subfamily Tridyminae. 
Antenne 12-jointed. Abdomen distinctly petiolate. Occipital line 
completents: *  Wasteeeeeeette 0. cer Subfamily Spalanginae. 
Antenne 13-jointed, club 3-jointed, ring joints 2. Occipital line not 
° complete msjcn.de)-.suker suse eeneecr Subfamily Pteromalinae. 


Section MICROCENTRI Thomson. 


Antennz many-jointed, funicle 6-jomted. Tarsi of O 5-jointed....... ........... 
Subfamily Tetracampinae. 
Antennz at the most g-jointed. Tarsi 4- or 3-jointed. 
Tarsi 4-jointed. 

Pronotum large. Mesoscutellum with four bristles. Submarginal vein not broken. 
post-marginal distinct, sub-marginal furnished with many bristles. Posterior 
tibize sometimes with two spurs. 

Abdomen usually with a distinct petiole. Mesoscutar parapsides very distinct. 

Antenne inserted below the middle of the face, simple with ('.......... 

Subfamily Elachistinae. 

Abdomen with a transverse, smooth afd conspicuous petiole. Mesoscutar 
parapsides not defined, or indicated only by very slight grooves. 


Posterior coxze very large and strongly compressed. Head semi-globose, 


front deeply but sparsely punctate. Antenne of (J flabellate....... 
Subfamily Elasminae. 


Posterior coxze normal. Postmarginal and stigmal veins rather long, An- 
tenn of({ often flabellate: ......\. <cameadiee Subfamily Eulophinae, 
Submarginal vein broken, costal cellule narrow, postmarginal and stigmal short, 
the postmarginal sometimes waning. Posterior tibiz with a single spur. 


Antennz of ¢¥' simple. 

Submarginal vein with two bristles or it is ornate. Metapleura very small. 
Mesoscutellum with two bristles near the middle.................. 
Subfamily Entedoninae. 

Submarginal vein with from 1 to 5 bristles. Metapleura triangular, not small. 
Postmarginal vein usually absent. Mesoscutellum with four bristles, all 
behind the middle, often with two longitudinal impressed lines. Abdomen 
SESSTE reehae cre tet tach tel ger Vete vel sn 9:0) 5 lat ok Oe Ree Subfamily Tetrastichinae. 


‘Tarsi 3-jomted., Pubescence of the wings arranged im lines.................-.--: 
Subfamily Trichogramminae. 


— + + 
Book Notices. 
First Contribution to a knowledge of the Orthoptera of Kansas, by Lawrence 
Bruner. Washburn Coll. Biol. Survey of Kansas. 1885, pp. 125—139. 

Mr. Bruner gives an annotated list of 88 species, of which four are 
new and described here for the first time. The list as such, and the notes 
are valuable and interesting; but we are sorry to see the description of 
new species. It has gotten to be too much the fashion in the U.S., 
among economic Entomologists especially, to describe new species at 
random and in all sorts of places—agricultural reports—reports of ex- 
periment stations, agricultural and horticultural papers and sometimes 
even newspapers. These reports are not known to the great majority of 
Entomologists, the publications are usually not noticed, or obtainable in 
the ordinary course of trade, and the descriptions there form a positive 
hindrance to the advance of the science of Entomology in the less known 
orders. We do not mean to criticise Mr. Bruner'’s paper especially, but 
the evil referred to has already assumed serious dimensions and is grow- 
ing. Unless something is done to check it, it will soon be necessary 
that the working entomologist subscribe to every agricultural and_horti- 
cultural paper and get all the Reports of all kinds of surveys, ex- 


plorations &c. 
i te 


The balance of the Proceedings of the Ent. Club of the A.A.A.S. 
will be published in the next number. 


Dr. Horn and Mr. Hy. Edwards have donated to the Bkln, Ent. 
Soc. a small lot of good Coleoptera, which will be sold at auction at the 
next meeting, Jan. 5, 1886, the proceeds to go to the publication fund. 


OO 


Society News. 

Brooklyn Entomological Society. December 1, 1885, — Fifteen members 
present, Mr. Cramer the chair. On motion of Mr. Roberts it was resolved to 
purchase for the Society an album or albums in which should be prescrved the 
portraits of members of the Society and of such other Entomologists as would 
send their portraits to the Society. Mr. Roberts read a short paper on habits of 
Elmis. Ordinarily they are found on sticks in running water or in moss or weeds 
in the streams. While digging outa Bembidium in gravel, some little distance 
from a stagnant pool, but still near enough for water to percolate easily, he came 
upon an Elmis, species not yet determined. He dug further and made a little 
pool, stirring continually, and in short time took 30 specimens. 

Mr. Weeks read an article ‘Concerning Cremastochilus’’* sentin by Dr. 
Horn with an added note by Mr. Schwarz. Prof. Mayer exhibited a pupa-nest 
of Euchira socialis from the Rio Negro, 8. A. 

Mr. Hy. Edwards presented to the Society a box of rare Coleoptera, suggest- 
ing that they be sold at auction for the benefit of the Society. After informal 
discussion and exhibition of specimens, the meeting adjourned. 

Entomological Society of Washington, Dec. 3, 1885. Mr. Otto Lugger 
in a humorous speech presented a persimmon walking-stick to the Society 
which had been curiously carved by the larva of Diceet obscura while in use. A 
discussion followed on the breeding habits of Buprestidae. 

Mr. J. B. Smith gave Utah Territory as a new locality for Pleocoma Behrens i 
and exhibited a specimen and proceeded to read a paper on the larva of Myce- 
tina vittata. A number of these larve had been found by Messrs Smith and 
Schwarz under a login November, feeding upon a mold. Mr. Smith exhibited 
careful drawings of the larva and specimens of both larva and adult. A diseus- 
sion followed upon the lateral appendages of this and similar larve, and their 
uses, in which Prof. Riley and Messrs Schwarz, Smith, Osborne, Lugger and 
Howard took part. 

Prof. Riley made some remarks on the larval habits of Lixus. He had bred 
L. macer in 1872 in Missouri from stems of Chenopodium hybridum in which the 
larva bored, and from which the beetle issued normally from a hole at the end 
of the burrow. He had recently however from Mr. F. M. Webster, evidence 
that the same species works in the stems of Helianthus in Mlinois; but that in- 
stead of issuing through a round hole, the stem is cut through from the inside 
at the upper end of the burrow and plugged with fibre, the beetle issuing from 
the cut end. Lixus parcus makes a gall on Amelanchier in California. He also 
spoke of Padiscus ohfuscata Riley Mss. as a twig-girdler, issuing from the ori- 
fice of amputation, but that the orifice instead of being plugged as with Li. us, 
was webbed up with silk. 

Mr. Mann spoke of the use of the Dewey decimal system for purposes of in- 
dexing as adopted in Psyche. Mr. Howard and Prof. Riley spoke on the lateral 
appendages of the larva of Corydalus cornutus and their probable function and 
the former mentioned the relation between the heart-beat of this larve and. e 
contractions of the groups of branchie. 

Mr. E. A. Schwarz called attention to the food habits of an undescribed Cal- 
andrid beetle allied to Macrancylus which was found by Mr. H. G. Hubbard tw 
develope in the stems ane roots of Acrostichum aureum in Southern Florida. 

L. O. HOWARD, Corr. Secy. 


* Published in full, ante p. 187. 





VOL.1. BROOKLYN, FEBRUARY, 1886. 


NO. 11. 





New Species and Varieties of Geometridae. 
By'Geo. D, Elotsa 


Some months since I began the study of the Geomefride of N. A., 
having more particularly in view a looking into the systematic arrange- 
ment of genera and species. With this object, in addition to my own 
collection, I have obtained for my use, wholly orin part as I-have de- 
sired, the collections of the Lepidopterists in the vicinity of New York, 
as well as of many others from other parts of our country. Many of 
these are especially rich from the collecting of Messrs. Hy. Edwards, 
Morrison and Doll, and variations from normal forms are largely repre- 
sented. So far my study has been in the Lznomime only. My con- 
clusions as to genera I will probably not give until the whole family has 
been studied. In the material at hand, I have found as they seem to me 
the following new species and varieties. The generic references are to 
be regarded as provisional. These descriptions may be foliowed by brie 
notes on already named species. 

1. Oxydia zonulata sp. nov. Expands 46 mm. Head and antennz pale ochre- 
ous, the vertex, anterior edge of hind wings and abdomen shading somewhat lighter. 
Wings otherwise a pale yellow ochreous. T.a. line wanting. T.p. line present on 
both wings, reflected on fore wings near apex towards costa at an acute angle, and 
somewhat curved inwardly in its course across the fore wing; straight on hind wing. 


> 
Its color is buff on fore wing, tawny on hind wing. There is a small smoky spot 


near anal angle. Beneath very light ochreous, without lines but with two or three 
shadings near apex. 
The above is close to O. mundafa Guen. but lacks the shadings o 


the wings above, the cross line is not extended to the apex, and the fore 


—202— 


wings are considerably more bent downward at apex. 1 (j. Texas. 
Coll. Meyer. 

2. Ripula virginaria sp. nov. Expands 44 mm. Palpi brown tawny. Thorax, 
abdomen and wings pure white. The fore wings have a triangular spot near apex, 
black outwardly, reddish and olive otherwise, and another narrow olive spot nearsanal 
angle. On the hind wing is a divided olive band faint anteriorly, wavy on both sides, 
inwardly forming with the inclosed wing space a continuous waved white line. 
Beneath pure white. Fore and middle legs tawny, hind legs white. 

1’. Florida. Coll. Hy. Edwards. Very near to &. mexicaria 
Guen. but it differs in design of markings on wings, and in the color of 
the legs. 

3. Eutrapela anfractata sp.nov. Expands 4omm. Head, thorax, abdomen 
and ground color of wings, of an even light pearl gray. Wings with two darkish 
lines, the basal sinuous, curved outward, faint and on fore wings: only; the outer 
slightly waved, straight however in its general direction, reflected near apex at an 
angle more obtuse than is usual, and with the reflected part not straight but curved 
outwardly to costa. The outer lines are edged with whitish outwardiy, and shade 
gradually and broadly into the ground color. There is a broad submarginal fawn 
shading also, Discal spot distinct. Beneath light even gray, sometimes with an 
ochry shade. Lines wanting or outer lines very faintly perceptible. 


24, 10. Anz; Coll. cHy.padwards, Elulst.. Nearestubzlera 
Pack. and ca/enuluta Grt. It is quite possible that all are variations of 
one species, az/racfafa being the Arizona form and ca/enula/a the form 
having the median spaee fawn brown, darker than the rest of the wing. 


4. Tetracis mellitularia sp. nov. Expand@ 35 —45 mm. 

This is the species described by Packard, Geom. Moths p. 551 and 
figured plate XIII, f. 43, and called Z! paralleharia. ‘Yhe description 
and figure are of one of the darker specimens. ‘The original description 
by Packard of 7: parallefiaria, Bost. Pro. Nat. Hist. Vol. XVI, p. 38, is 
very brief, simply, ‘‘lighter than 7’. /wxalia/a. A fresh specimen from 
Mr. Behrens is ochreous.” The specimen labelled “type” in the Museum 
of Comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass., is probably the fresh specimen 
referred to, and is the insect figured plate NIII, f. 42. But this is not 
the same species with fig. 43 but is another, found commonly in Colorado 
and less so in Arizona and California and which varies from reddish 
ochreous to light ochreous. To attach the name of Packard to the one 
species we have what there is of the original description, the type speci- 
men, and the fig. 42, pl. XIII. To attach it to the species I call medfi- 
/ularia we have the description given in Geom. Moths, p. 551, and fig. 
43, pl. XIII]. The name it seems to me must go with the original de- 
scription and the type. 7. paradleliaria Pack, as thus determined, was 
afterwards named Lurymene excelsa by Mr. Strecker, Report Explor. and 
Surv. Dept. of Missouri, Ruffner, 1878, p. 1863, pl. 2, f. 9.’ Anda 


QW 


lighter form, more common in Ariz., was described by Mr Grote, Can. 
Ent. Vol. XV, p. 27, and called 7. simpliciarra. Mr. Grote’s 7: ob/en- 
taria (which must be 7’. o/dentaza) is close in appearance, but the cross 
lines are much wider apart, the antennz of the G are simple and the 
palpi very much less prominent, I have both his types before me for 
Comparison. 5.4, 3 G. Arg, Nev., Giz Coll.’ Hy. Edwards! 
Tepper, Hulst. 


5. Tetracis cavillaria sp. nov. Expands 41mm. Head, body and wings of 
a dull light ochreous fawn color, The outer part of the wings with the color a little 
more decided, and over all a faint flesh colored flush. Lines faint, the t.a. nearly 
straight, the t.p. nearer median than usual, present on both wings, dull fawn. 
Another line beyond, faint, reaching from costa half way across fore wing. Beneath 
as above, somewhat lighter. Antenne in ,j' rather shorter and pectinations more 
lengthy than usual. Fore wings slightly, hind wings very slightly angulated. 1 ¢. 
Aviz.: Coll, Hulst. 


6. Tetracis morsicaria sp. nov. Expands 37 mm. Head, thorax and ab- 
domen light ochreous, lines dark fawn edged t.a. line inwardly, t.p. line outwardly 
with white. T-a. line straight, reaching twice as far out on costa as on inner margin. 
T.p. line oblique, starting from costa just within apex. Hing wings very light ochre- 
ous outwardly, nearly white inwardly. Beneath lighter than above, t.p. line alone 
indistinctly evident. Margins of fore wings not falcate, but waved, fringes red. 

1 Q. Texas. Coll. Hulst. Very like in appearance to TZ) paral- 
/eliaria var. simpliciaria, but the fore wings are much more extended, 
both lines, especially the outer, more oblique. The outer margin of the 
fore wing is much less faleate and angulated, and the margin itself is 
wavy and edged with reddish. 


7. Tetracis trianguliferaria Pack. var. notataria var. nov. 

This variety differs from the type form in having just within the 
posterior angle of the fore wings a dark brown spot, reaching from the 
inner border to vein 4. It is undoubtedly a part of a band corresponding 
with that of Z! coloradaria Grt. and Rob., but not connected with the 
outer costal spot. 


8. Tetracis edwardsata Sp. nov. Expands 35 mm. Head, antenne, thorax 
and abdomen cream white. Fore wings a light yellow ochre, crossed with a dark 
tawny band which is edged on both sides with white shading into the ground color. 
The band is broad at costa embracing one-third of the wing and reaching nearly to 
apex, then narrowing runs with nearly parallel sides first outwardly, then inwardly, 
and finally widens rapidly to inner margin. The outer margin of the wing is slightly 
darker than the ground color. Hind wings very light in color, a little clouded out- 
wardly, without band, and very slightly angulated at the middle. Fore wings angu- 
lated, and slightly falcate. Beneath very light cinereous, satiny, unicolorous. 


1 QO Siskayou Co., Cal.: Coll. of Hy. Edwards in whose honor 
it is named. 


—204— 


g. Tetracis geniculata sp. nov. Expands 30 mm, Head, thorax and ab- 
domen light ochreous. Fore wings of the same color, hind wings lighter. Apex of 
fore wings rectangular. Median angle on all wings obtuse. Two lines on fore wings 
reddish brown, the inner angulated below costa, edged outwardly with whitish, the 
outer reflected near costa at a right angle, continued across hind wings, and edged 
outwardly its whole length with whitish. Discal spots minute, black. Beneath 
lighter, except on costal half of fore wings. Outer line partly evident on fore wings 
only. 


I Gs Colla eCollevbhulst 


1o. Metanema novellata sp. nov. Expands 36 mm. Wings uniform light 
yellow ochreous. Two lines on fore wings, the outer continued on hind wings, buff, 
straight, more distinct than usual. ‘The hind wings have a brown hair line, some- 
limes very faint, in the submarginal space. Fore wings acute at apex, strongly fal- 
cate, median angle rather strong, as also on hind wings. Beneath even glistening 
light cinereous, the ordinary lines faint but the brown submarginal hair line present 
on all wings. Discal spots, black points above and below, 


to, 1 9. Coll. Tepper, Neumoegen. The wings of this species 
approach in appearance Je/anema quercivoraria Guen. 


ir. Metanema argillaria sp. nov. Expands 34 mm. Head, antennz, thorax 
and abdomen light fawn, each sezment of the latter edged with aline of lighter color. 
Wings of uniform light fawn, formed by a clay ground color, heavily striated and 
powdered with fawn. ‘T.a. line on fore wings brown, fine, sinuous, rounded out- 
wardly. T.p. line brown, edged outwardly with clay white, common to both wings, 
and reflected on fore wing near apex to costa. Discal spots on fore wings distinct, 
black. The fore wings are falcate without darker color in curve, the median angle 
not so projected as in the rest of the genus. Angle of the hind wings dentate, 
strong. Beneath, dull light ochreous, striated with fawn. Outer line apparent only 
on fore wings, rather broader and more indistinct, fawn colored and rounded not 


angulated to costa. 


1 g\ Arizona, Coll. Neumoegen. 


12. Caberodes confusaria var. mimaria var. nov. Expands 42 mm. Lines 
as in confusaria but with basal and outer space tawny, and median space yellow. 
Also a row of submarginal clouded spots. 


1 Q Georgia. _ Coll. Hy. Edwards. 


13. Caberodes galbanaria Sp. nov. Expands 35 mm. Fore wings, a light 
yellow ochreous with outer third of both wings of a light pink brown. A faint white 
t.p. line passing through this, on both wings from apex of fore wings. Fore wings 
with apex produced, pointed, strongly falcate and angled. Hind wings angulated, 
outer edge of wings straight to point of angle, not rounded. Discal spots on all 
wings black. Beneath, light pinkish brown, somewhat more pronounced on anterior 


two-thirds of fore wings. Discal spot as above. 
1 9 Arizona. Coll. Hulst, 


14. Drepanodes effascinaria sp. nov. Expands 42 mm. Head, thorax and 
abdomen ochreous. Fore wings pointed at apex, not excavated beneath, but strongly 
falcate and angulate. Hind wings rounded. T.a. line on fore wings reddish brown, 
rounding outwardly, and biangulate externally, T.p. line reddish brown, edged 
outwardly with light ochreous reaching from apex in a straight lineacross both wings. 


—205— 






Fore wings within t.a. line and both wings beyond t.p. line, reddiS& brown. The 
median space varies from clouded to bright yellow. Submarginal clouded spots 
sometimes apparent. Discal spots small, black. Beneath, outer line more faint on 
both wings. Color yellowish, with more or less buff, darker beyond t.p. line. Discal 
spots as above. . 

20S. C. and Fla.: Coll. Neumoegen and Tepper. ‘ The largest 
of our Drepanodes, and allied to D. panamaria Pack. 


15. Drepanodes hortularia sp. noy. Expands 26 mm. Head, antenne, 
body and wings ochreous buff with median space somewhat darker. T.a. line pres- 
ent on both wings, very nearly median, bending outward, somewhat zig-zag. T.p. 
line present on both wings, slight;on fore wings oblique, flexuous, and rounded to 
costa near apex. The QO has on hind wings two submarginal rows of small black 
spots arranged parallel with outer margin. Beneath, color as above, or alittle light- 
er, slightly speckled with black. Lines obsolete or outer one indistinct. “Rows of 
black spots repeated on hind wings of ©. 


pete en ON. faand- Klay 'Coll Hulse 


16. Drepanodes perizomaria sp. nov. Expands 36 mm. Plain, uniform, 
very even fulvous, with a decided lilaceous tinge. T.p. line only present, white in ¢, 
dark brown edged slightly with white outwardly in Q, oblique reflected at a sharp 
angle, very near apex to costa. Discal spots minute, black. Fore wing pointed, 
falcate in ,¥', pointed, strongly falcate and excurvated in ©. Apex of fore wings in 
OQ black. Beneath more of a buff color with lilaceous tinge lost, speckled with black 
dots. Lines indistinct. 

1 gy 2 2 Va. Mon. Atiz.: Coll, Graef, “Doll, ‘Hulst. Consider- 
ably larger than heretofore named species, though in the © somewhat 
resembling some forms of D. pudberaria, Grt, 


17. Azelina hubnerata var. atrocolorata var. nov. A form of hubnerata in 
which the basal and median space is smoky black, becoming deep black as it merges 
in the deep black t.p. line. T-.a. line evident near costa, deep black. Hind wings 
on median and basal spaces lighter. Outer space of all wings cinereous, with more 
or less of dark siriations, giving a smoky appearance. Beneath, smoky cinereous, 
tinged with lilac. 

7 specimens U.S.: Coll. Tepper, Hill, Neumoegen, Hulst. 


18. Azelina australata sp. nov. Expands 40mm. Head, thorax and ab- 
domen russet, thorax darker posteriorly, and a dark line on each abdominal segment 
above. The wings are crossed by three distinct somewhat heavy black lines; the 
first basal, straight; the second submedian, slightly angulated outwardly at middle; 
the third extra discal, wavy and with a large sinus outwardly just above middle. 
Between the first and second is a slight clouded indistinct line. Between the second 
and third are two black hair lines, the inner parallel to the second, the outer parallel 
to the third line. Beyond the third, the space is clouded with irregular and broken 
dark bands. There is a zig-zag submarginal white line, and at the middle a marginal 
whitish rectangular spot. The wings are clay white in the median space, darker 
beyond the hair lines, and smoky ochreous beyond, the colors being limited by the 
lines. All the wings are rounded, unangulated. The hind wings are brown with a 
median black line, the submarginal space dull black, and the margin much lighter 


—206— 


including 3 or 4 black points near anal angle. Beneath all wings ochrey yellow at 
base, a median black line angulated outwardly near middle, then a parallel band of 
white, then a broad black band broken outwardly, then a marginal white band. Dis- 
cal spots prominent, black. The insect beneath has something of a Catocala 
appearance. 


1 ¢) Fla: Coll. Hy Edwards. 


1g. Azelina radiosaria sp. noy. Expands 35 mm. Palpi, thorax and ab- 
domen a very light ochre. Vertex white. Antenne of ¢j' pectinated for half their 
lenzth, Fore wings acute at apex, falcate waved on outer margin. Hind wings 
with a slight projection at middle of margin. T.a. line present on fore wings, straight, 
white. T.p. line curved, nearly parallel with outer margin, extended faintly across 
hind wing. T.a. line outwardly, t-p. line inwardly, on both wings edged with 
brown. Golor of fore wings light ochre, but within t.p. line having a distinct pink 
shading, becoming fainter towards base. Hind wings very light ochreous. Beneath, 
lighter and more uniform than above, the outer brown shading being apparent on 
both wings. Discal spots diffuse but distinct. 


t 


Bis, UO) Arizs:) (Coll: Graef, Doll, Hulst. Nearest to A. zadiss- 
arta, W\k. 


20. Endropia bilinearia Pack. var. mollisaria var. nov. 


The type form from the East is dark brown, with all wings strongly 
dentated. The variety is the form, almost the only form, found west of 
the plains, and is of a dull yellow ochreous color, with wings not nearly 
so dentate. 


21. Endropia bilinearia Pack. var. minoraria var. nov. 

A form of a dull yellow ochreous color, very much smaller than the 
ordinary type form, with black submarginal spots and cloudings on fore 
wings, and with all wings entirely without dentations or angulations, or 
these showing but slightly. 

I can hardly make myself believe this is not a valid species. It is 
uniformly only about one-half to two-thirds the expanse of dz/inearza, and 
the wings are altogether differently shaped But the lines are exactly the 
same and while not common, intergrades in both size and form are be- 
fore me. 


22. Endropia hilumaria sp. nov. Expands 40 mm. Of the general appear- 
ance of E. warneraria Harv. Thorax, abdomen, base and along costa of fore wings 
fawn. ‘T.a. line indistinct, hardly reaching mner margin. Median space dark fawn 
with a cloud along costa and a light fawn space just beyond reaching along costa to 
t.p. line. T.p. line reflected near costa at a rounded angle, sinuous with a large inner 
band at middle of wing, and another at inner margin, lined outwardly with white. 
Space beyond light fawn, with an undulating indistinct submarginal white band 
clearest towards apical space, forming there acrescent. Two dark spots in submarginal 
space near middle. Wings pointed, falcate. Hind wings fawn to t.p. line, light 
fawn beyond, outer edge undulating, t.p. line nearly straight. Beneath, ochraceous 


fawn, striated; t.p. lines quite distinct, quite straight. on fore wings, apical white 
crescent distinct as above. 
2 g Colorado. Cull. Graef, Tepper. 

23. Endropia occantaria sp. nov. Expands 46 mm, Head, thorax, ab- 
domen, and wings ofa light clay fawn color, the median space being somewhat 
lighter. A faint lilaceous tinge over the wings a little more apparent beyond t.p. 
line. Fine scattered striations of dark fawn over the wings. A blurred submarginal 
clouding, obsolete near middle. A whitish apical spot. Lines fine, reddish, some- 
what rounded. Wings broader than usual, dentate at the end of each vein. Beneath, 
color a little hghter. Striations and t.p. lines more pronounced. Some orange ochre- 
ous shadings present. 

2 Q Nev.: Coll. Graef, Tepper. Appearently nearest LZ. dsinearca, 
Pack., of which it may be a distant variety. : 


24. Endropia decoloraria sp. nov. Expands 28 mm. Head, body and ground 
color of wings fawn brown, with a faint lilaceous shade. Wings witha dark brown 
extra median band, This band is strongly sinuous, having especially a large sinus 
outward, just beyond discal space. Within this band some coarse ochreous striations 
forming somewhat of a band, also anarrow indistinct submarginal band of the same 
color formed in the same way. Fore wings nearly rectangular at apex with dark 
brown edge beneath apex, outer margin sinuous, not dentate nor angulate, swollen 
out at middle and somewhat bent inwardly close to outer angle, where there is a 
small spot of dark brown. Hind wings obtusely dentate with large double tooth near 
middle, and another single tooth near outer angle, with a deep sinus between. 
Beneath as above, without the darker bands and spots. 

2 Sf Coll. Graef and Tepper. No locality with either specimen. 

This is nearest the insect represented by Dr. Packard asa var, 
of End. armataria H. Sch. (Geom. Moths, p. 511, Plate XII, f 20.) 
Dr. Packard speaks of the wings being the same as in armazaria though 
not so represented in the figure, and there they are not so diverse as in 
decoloraria. It differs from arma/arza in the entire difference of color of 
wings and shape of bands above and below, has no suggestion of the very 
marked and brilliant appearance of vrmaéarza below, and there is an en- 
tire difference in the shape of both wings. 

25. Endropia lentaria sp. nov. Expands 32 mm, Palpi dark drab. Antenne 
and abdomen drab. Thorax and wings to t.p. line reddish ochreous. Beyond, the 
color varies from cinereous to dark brown. ‘T.p. line on both wings, nearly straight 
on front wings reaching costa considerably within apex, reddish brown, edged out- 
wardly with a narrow white line. Fringes dark brown. T..a. line faintly evident on 
fore wings. Discal spots distinct, annulate on fore wings, faint on hind wings. 


Beneath a dull reddish brown irrorrated with dark brown, much darker beyond t.p. 
line. The lines are faintly evident, discal spots distinct. All wings rounded without 


angles or dentations. 


4 of Fla.: Coll. Neumoegen, Doll, Hulst. 


26. Endropia manubiaria sp. nov. Expands 44mm. Very much as in £. 
serrataria Dru., -but with a single angle to each wing with the space beyond the t.p. 


oe 


——209-— 


line either as light as median space or slightly dary: with no inner line to hind wings 
and with a looped hair line outwardly from t.p. lime. Beneath, as aboye, but with 


lines somewhat more distinct. 
a nt ses ; ae : : 
2%, 1 9 Colorado. Coll. Tepper, Hulst. 


27. Ellopia somniaria sp. nov. Expands 44 mm. 

This is a form from N. W, U. Sand Brit. Columbia which Packard 
(Geom. Moths p. 494) does not separate from £. fervidaria. On com- 
paring 28 specimens of fervidaria with 10 of somnzaria I find no inter- 
grading. and I see no reason why somniaria should not be considered a 
good species. It is larger, somewhat more yellowish, the dark speckles 
larger and more evenly distributed; the cross lines are broader and more 
distinct, the outer ones pro edged outwardly and the inner ones_ in- 
wardly with orange. 

8, 2. 9 Or. W.T., Van. TaeColl. Graef, Vepper, Neumoegen, 
Hulst. 

28. Eurymene arrogaria sp. nov. Expands 34 mm. Very much like #. 
fervidaria H. S. and E. phloqosaria Guen., but without striations or cross lines. The 
outer cross line is faintly suggested by the Biter shadings, but so far as suggested is 
not straight, but rounded outwardly. Basal and median space ochreous fawn, outer 
space fawn with brown cloud at inner angle. Hind wings ochreous yellow, with 
dark brown or black cloud at anal angle, this in part being the beginning of the t.p. 
line. Duscal spots prominent on fore wings. Beneath, orange yellow on costal half 
of fore wing from base to outer third, light yellow on posterior half. Outwardly 
orange to turn of wing on outer margin. The space at inner angle, the outer third 
of hind wings, and all fringes vary from flesh color to lilaceous. Basal and median 
portions of hind wings orange yellow, striated with orange. Discal spot on fore wings 
somewhat blurred. 

3 G',.2 9 Eastern States!’ Goll. Graef, Tepper,  Neumocgen: 
Hulst: 

29. Rumia ochrearia var. unicoloraria var. nov. 

Differs from the type form in being of a clear bright yellow, without 
any markings whatever. . 

3o. Angerona crocataria Fab. var. caelaria var. noy. 

This variety differs from the type form in having the brown spots 
and markings quite obsolete and having the spots near outer angle ‘of a 
pale white, faintly edged with brown, 


a OO 


Proceedings of the Pom olosical Club of the A.A.A.S. 


(Continued from page 123 ante.) 


Aug. 27th; The Club met pursuant to adjournment, at 7 P.M. 
Prof. Lintner in the chair, 12 persons present. The .minutes of the 
previous meeting were read and adopted. Continuing the discussion of 
the previous meeting, Prof. J. A. Cook stated that the grass-hoppers (C. 
Semur-rubrum) had been very destructive in Michigan, Many fields of 
oats had been nearly destroyed. The heads had not been eaten off as 
stated_by Prof. Osborn to be the ‘case in Iowa, but the separate berries 
or grains had been cut off, and often covered the'ground. Meadows 
and pastures had also suffered greatly. These insects seemed worst 
where the season had been characterized by a drouth. Several years 
ago a similar devastation occured in this State, but was serious only for 
a single year. The Army Worm, Z,. unipuncta Haw., had been seriously 
destructive in the south-western portion of the State, where it also did 
serious damage three years ago. Neither of these visitations could be ac- 
counted for on the explanation given years ago by Fitch, as the wet and 
dry years of the first raid were the reverse of Fitch’s rule, while this 
vear and last had both been very dry in this region, ‘The “Black Army 
Worm” Agrotis fennica was very abundant and destructive last year about 
Bay City and up the Saginaw River as far as Saginaw City. The num- 
bers were fairly prodigious; bushels could be gathered in a few minutes. 
Hundreds could be crushed by a single foot-fall. Gardens and meadows 
were totally stripped of every green thing. ‘This year the region devastat- 
ed last year had wholly escaped damage, though a similar attack had 
been suffered farther up the Huron Shore. Other cut-worms had been 
unusually abundant and destructive in the State the past year. Amthono- 
mus musculus Say, had done much damage to strawberries in the North 
ern Peniusula last year and the year before. ‘This year it had done little 
harm. Syturus unicolor Say, for the first tme had done much damage 
to raspberries in Michigan this season. ‘These insects were much more 
grav than the description of Say, or specimens in the College Cabinet 
previously collected would indicate. ‘They are easily destroyed by the use 

of Paris Green. Prof. Cook also referred to a species of Noctuid Moth, the 
larva of which was doing much damage by eating the wheat in. the bin. 
This insect had done much damage both last year and this. He had 
been unable to rear the insect. 

Prof. Osborn says that the habits of the grass-hoppers in lowa were 
as Prof. Cook describes them. He,said they ate off the heads of the 
oats; it would have been more correct to say that usually they ate the 
separate kernels. 


~~ 
lo 


ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 


—210— 


Prof. Rilev asks Prof. Cook to state more particulars about this 
larva which injures stored grains. 

Prof. Cook says they came with the samples ofinjured grain, looked 
like a Noctuid, and were } of an inch long. ‘They ate the kernel, as the 
samples plainly showed, but how they did it he could not tell, though 
he had tried his best to bring them to maturity. 

Prof, Riley does not see how a Noctuid larva could damage stored 
grain, It is so contrary to the ordinary habits of the species that he can- 
not understand it. A. /emmica has taken on much more of the army 
worm habit than messor’a, but this may be because onions are planted 
in rows rather widely apart, and it would be impossible for such large 
numbers to subsist there for even a short ume. In reference to injury 
done to grain in bins, a species of Zphestia had probably done a great 
part of it, ‘ 

He also said that he had this year succeeded in raising in consider- 
able numbers the pear Ceczdomyid which Prof. Cook had mentioned in 
one of his recent reports. He speaks of this insect to illustrate the great 
difficulty there is in determinations in this genus. He could not find 
that it differed in any respect from the descriptions of Cecrdomyia pyri of 
Europe but to make sure he sent a series to that country and Mr. Trans- 
Jeeve could not find any differences from the description, but the de- 
scriptions were so poor, and there were no existent types, so that there 
could be- no certainty. Prof. Mig suggests describing it as a new 
species with good figures and then there could at least be no doubt as to 
what was intended. This however was rather a violent remedy, and if 
generally applied would necessitate a great many redescriptions. 

Mr. Smith states, in reference to the abundance of Ag. messoria 
larva that onion rows are about 18 inches apart, and in 1 ft. square be- 
uween the rows he picked up between 40 and 50 larva just under the sur- 
face of the soil. 

Prof. Lintner says there seems to be a general belief, and older 
authors have stated, that Noctuid larva are very difficult to raise. He 
has during the past year raised Agrofs saucia without any difficulty on 
plantain, 

Prof. Riley says saucta is very easily raised and stands any amount 
of bad treatment—of messorza on the contrary of which hundreds of larvae 
were sent to the Department, very few reached maturity. - ‘his difference 
often occurs—Pedisca scudderiana, or more properly P. sadizgna Clem. is 
very easily raised. Another species of the same genus, Miss Murtfeld, 
Prof. Kellicott and he himself had tried their best to bring to maturity, 
for 4 or 5 years, but with very little success. 

Prof. Westcott says that he has had the same experience with these 


species feeding on solidago. 


—211-— 


Mr. Osborn gave a-note on the habitat of a Chironcmus: he said his 
attention had been called by Dr. B. D. Halstead to certain larve living 
in the water contained in the cups surrounding the stem of Szphium 
perfoliatum. 

The principal form thus found is a species of Chironomide, nearly 
transparent and colorless and closely resembling the figures of Chzrono- 
mus oceanicus Packard. The larve were quite abundant in a large share 
of the cups examined, as many as forty and fifty occuring in a single cup. 
A number were placed ina glass of water and their transformations 
watched. Before pupating the larvae usually came to rest at the surface 
of the water against the glass, enclosing themselves in a gelatinous mass. 
Length of pupation appeared to be about two days though not constant 
in different individuals, . 

Before emergence of the imago the pupa assumes a bright silvery. ap- 
pearance from the separation of the outer membrane. The final process 
of emergence is passed through very rapidly, the imago resting for an in- 
stant on the surface of the water, and assuming very rapidly the full 
size. The cups must become dry occasionally and it would be interest- 
ing to know the time required for the entire development of the species. 

Prof. Riley says that most of Prof. Osborn’s notes would apply to 
most of the species; but the developing in the cups S7/phium per foliatum 
is very Curious, and interesting, 

Prof. Cook then gave some notes on the functions of the secretion 
of Bark lice, Leucanium tilie, Fitch. 

These lice attack many species of our forest and fruit trees. Though 
the scales on different trees vary considerably in size and form, and were 
similarly peculiar on each species of tree, yet they were doubtless of the 
same species of insect. Larvee lice from the Linden where they were 
largest, transferted to butternut where they were smallest and very con- 
vex, developed into the peculiar type of the latter tree. “These lice se- 
creted much bitter unwholesome nectar, which attracted the bees. Early 
in the spring, it was observed that the Baltimore Oriole and our two 
most common Sparrows were feeding extensively on the lice. “The birds 
would take a limb and almost strip it of the lice. When the bees and 
wasps commenced to swarm in the trees in quest of the nectar, the birds 
all left this feeding ground. Soon the flowers lurecl the bees to more 
inviting fields, when the birds again commenced to feed on the rapidly 
growing scales. ‘The nectar secretion seems surely to servexthe insects 
that secrete it as it attracts the bees, which frighten away the birds, 

Prof, Riley says this feeding of birds upon the Bark Lice is interest- 
ing and novel, and has never been observed before, 

Prof. Lintner says this theory of the secretion attracting bees, to 
keep off the birds was new to him. 


ON re 


Pro® Cook remarks that the secretion of the Aphids gives excellent 
honey. He has tasted it from those on elm and poplar, and it is delici- 
ous. ‘That from the bark lice is horrible, and last year when the bees, 
during the abundance of these lice gathered so much of it, tons of honey 
were spoiled and had to be sold for manufacturing and commercial 
purposes. ; 

Dr. Cook also made some remarks on ‘The Choke Cherry Tortri- 
cid Moth Cocacia cerasivorana Fitch.” 

The larva of this insect which had been very common in Michigan 
this summer, spun an immense quantity of Silk, much like the tent of 
the tent Catipillar C. amerwana, Harr., though it not only lived but fed 
in the tent, obtaining fresh food by drawing. twigs and branches into its 
web. In some cases shrubs two inches in diameter and ten feet high 
had been deflected several inches from the usual vertical position by this 
strong net. Prof. Cook had taken bushes to his Laboratory, and found 
that these large bushes were drawn to the wall of the room several inch- 
es distant. It was asked how such small insects could exert such force. 
except that the fibers of the web contracted. Prof, Lintner thought the 
force came from the numerous and repeated attachments to the threads. 
Each time drawing the object a little nearer. 

Prof. Riley agrees with Prof. Lintner; the thread is so strong, so 
viten crossed and doubled, and, always a little stretched, that very grad- 
ually and almost imperceptibly these results are obtained. 

Prof. Riley then described a very peculiar Tineid cocoon obtained 
from a larva on apple. ‘The larva spins three stout threads, fastened to 
as many distinct points, and converging toa common centre and at this 
point it spins a loose mesh-like cocoon in which it pupates. The cocoon 
swings free, and is supported anteriorly by two and posteriorly by one of 
these threads. He asks whether any similar structure had been noticed. 

Prof. Westcott says that on two evenings the past season Lachnoster- 
na fulilis came to light in immense numbers. His son and himself at 
his street lamp gathered 780 of the insects, Usually fusca is the com- 
mon species there, but of those taken this season less than 3 per cent 
were fusca and the balance fusiis. In the face of the severe weather they 
had last winter this was somewhat remarkable. 


On motion of Prof. Riley the club adjourned until Aug. 28. 

August 28. The club met pursuant to adjournment at 7 P. M. 
Prof. J, A. Lintner in the chair, 12 members present 

On motion of Prof. Kellicott, seconded by Prof. Riley, Mr. Smith 
was appointed a committee to provide a distinctive badge for members of 


‘ 
the Club, to be used at the next meeting; the badge to be of a deep blue 


color, and the words ‘‘Entomological Club” to be in some way printed 
thereon. 

On motion of Prof, C. V. Riley, the secretary was authorized to 
print the minutes of the present meeting of the Club, in ‘*Entomologica 
Americana.” 

Prof. Osborn moved that hereafter the club shall not meet prior to 
the first day of the meeting of the Association—after some discussion, the 
motion not being seconded was lost. 

Prof. Riley moved that a committee of three be appointed to ar- 
range a programme for the next meeting, and that the chair and the sec- 
retary be members of that committee. Carried; and the chair appointed 
Prof. Riley as the 3d member of the committee. 

Prof. Osborn gave a few ‘‘Random notes on Mallophaga.” 

The secretary read the following letter from Mr. W. H. Edwards to 
Piot. 24. Lintner. 

“TI wish vou to mention at the meeting of the Entomological Club, 
that whereas it was stated at the meeting one year ago, by Mr. E. M. 
Aaron, that in Tennessee, he had found Papilio ajax larvee on spice-wood 
and sassafras, *I have experimented this season on these larvae, and in 
every case the larvee of Ajax, on either spice-wood or sassafras, refused 
the food, and died of starvation. I tried several larva just out of egg, 
before they had tasted pawpaw; also larvee just past 4th molt, before they 
had eaten (after the molt); and I tried half grown larve, and in every 
case, the result was the same. I do not say that Mr. Aaron was mistaken, 
but I sav West Virginia larve refuse these two plants, 

You may say, if you like, that I have this season, bred Ceonympha 
galactinus \arves from egg to imago and the result was the form ca/ifor- 
nica; therefore the species is seasonably dimorphic:—that I have bred 
Cronympha mornata, from Vancouver Island, from egg to imago, and 
got the same type butterfly:—that I have bred Cvonympha ochracea to 
last molt, but not to Chrysalis;:—that I have bred Satyrus charon, egg 
to imago; and have larvae of Oefus hibernating:—that I have bred 
Argynnis halcyone from egg to imago, and whereas the butterflies are 
near to Argynnis alcestis, the larvee are almost as different as A. /daha 
larvee from either adcestis or aphrodite. And you may say that I should be 
greatly obliged for eggs from butterflies, especially of species which are 
not likely to be found in West Virginia.” 


Mr. E. A. Schwarz exhibited specimens of Cosmosoma omphale from 


* Mr. Aaron said Upland huckleberry—not sassafias, See Brooklyn Bull. VW, 
p. 91.—Eb. 


——2 tf — 


Florida, and called attention to a peculiar character of the male, obsery- 
ed by Mr. Hubbard. ‘There is at base of the abdomen a deep cavity, 
normally closed by a flat plate, filled with white, cottony hair, so closely 
packed, that when the covering plate was forcibly opened, the downy 
hair burst out in quantity sufficient to filla small pill box. No living 
specimen had ever been observed with this, cavity open, and in dried 
specimens the structure is easily overlooked, though in each case visible 
when closely examined. 

Prof. Riley asks whether all specimens show this character, and 
whether it never occurred in the Q. Mr. Schwarz says it occurs in all 
JS seen, and in no Q. 

Mr. Smith said he had examined the structure so far as dry ‘speci- 
mens would allow, and finds that there is a cavity, evidently a structaral 
feature, and not the result of disease. No character of this nature had 
been previously observed, but he would study the structure carefully, 

~ The possibility of this substance being of a fungoid nature was dis- 
cussed by Messrs Riley, Westcott, Schwarz and Smith. Mr. Schwarz 
states that Mr. Ashmead claims to have found the larva of this species 
boring in the Japanese plum, but the insect occurs also in considerable 
numbers where there is no Japanese plum, and _ there is probably also 
some other food plant. He says also that a very common species of Zy- 
granthoecta® shows a somewhat analogous structure in the shape of a 
long chitinous pedicil at the base of the abdomen, having a Jong brush of 
hair at the tip. The pedicil is fitted into a groove at the side of the ab- 
domen, and the brush of hair is folded over the back, and is not visible 
in the dry insect. 


. 

Mr. Smith says in his studies on the /e/iothine he noticed nothing 
of the kind, thowgh such a structure as Mr. Schwarz describes might easi- 
ly havesescaped him. 

Prof. Riley thinks he has noticed the character last mentioned by 
Mr. Schwarz, in probably the same species. It is strange what elastic 
properties some of the organs of the Lepidoptera, have. The peculiar 
organs in Spilosoma acraea and other species were cited as examples, and 
he says he has drawings of somewhat similar organs in Ada xvlina 
which have not yet been described. 


Prof. Peabody has witnessed something similar in the living Phakel- 
lura nitidals, 


Prof. Riley has also observed that character in the lattey species. 


(To be continued, ) 


* Afterward seen by me—it is Sehinia (Lygranthoecia) maryinata Haw. Tad. 


A generic Synopsis of the Hymenopterous Family 
Chalcididae. 
By L. O. Howarp. 


(Continued from p. 197.*) 


Subfamily LEUCOSPIDINAE. 
This sublamily consists of the single genus Lewcospis, Fab. for which 
the characters given in the subfamily synopsis will be sufficient. 
Subfamily CHALCIDINAE. 
Abdomen with along petiole. Postmarginal vein long. Posterior tibize not spurred, 
produced at tip into a spine. 
Ovipositor not exserted. 
Thorax immaculate. Middle tbize not spurred at apex..*Genus Smicra Spinola. 
Thorax maculate. Middle tibiz with spurs .... Genus Spilochalcis Thomson. 
Ovipositor exserted, longer than the whole body ...... Genus Podagrion Spinola. 
Abdomen almost sessile. Middle tibize spurred. 
Antennz inserted in the middle of the face. 


Abdomen much produced,..... RR. sais chomnee *Genus Phasgonophora Sichel. 
Abdomen sub-globose..... NATE 5 wb t/evea Srey eRe Se Genus Chalcis Fabr. 
Antennz inserted near or not far from mouth. 
Ovipositor exserted, as long as abdomen... .*Genus Acanthochalcis Cameron. 
Ovipositor short, usually hidden. Posterior tibize two-spurred. Hind femora 
TVGMLIN CU pe teeters peer tn eo oscfoRe = v sic.s yo ean netsh eee Genus Halticella Spinola. 
Ovipositor short. Hind femora with a single large tooth................. 


Genus Notaspis Walker. 


Norr.—In this subfamily I have followed Cameron, the latest au- 
thor, in'retaining Phasgonophora which Andre would combine with Ha/- 
ticella, but have added Thomson's Spi/ochalcis with a view of accepting any 
good separation of the unwieldy old genus Smicra. All the species of 

‘the old genus, however, which I have seen from this country, belong to 


the new division. 
Subfamily TORYMINAE. 

Ovipositor exserted, 
Antenne with two ring-joints, the flagellum thence $-jointed...... ............. 
*Genus Lochites Foerster. 

Antenne with one ring-joint, flagellum thence 8-jointed. 

Stigmal vein with a very large knob. Abdomen of male much narrowed at 
DASE eke iNole Seto eerie. «= - = 2a il bee Genus Megastigmus Dalman. 
Stigmal vein with no such knob, or with a small knob. Male abdomen not 


narrowed. 


* In the synopsis of the subfamilies on p. 197 I inadvertently inserted, opposite 
the subfamily Chalcidine, the character ‘‘ov:positor protruding but slightly’’, which 
should be changed to ‘‘ovipositor not curved over dorsum of abdomen’’, in contra- 
distinction to the Leucospidinz, The character as it stood is wrong, as in the recent- 
ly described genus Acanthochalcis, the ovipositor is normally exserted to a con- 
siderable length, and in Podagrion, tormerly placed with the Toryminz, but now 


more properly included among the Chalcidinz, the same character is found. 


—216— 


Hind femora beneath smooth, with a single tooth at some distance from 
the knee. 
Scutellum with a cross furrow behind the middle. 
Hind border of first abdominal segment straight in both sexes......... 
Genus Monodontomerus Westwood. 
Hind border of first abdominal segment incised in the middle with the 
female, Straight orsineised with thes male 52) ose ee 
*Genus Diomorus Walker. 
Scutellum without a cross furrow....... seer *Genus Holaspis Mayr. 
Hind femora below finely dentate and usually with a single larger tooth at 
some distance from the knee. 
Hind border of first abdominal segment not incised; tooth of hind femora 
Wewoiten wantingeece es pee. 5. oe *Genus Oligosthenus Foerster. 
Hind border of first abdominal segment acutely incised with female; 
straight with male; femoral tooth always present 
*Genus Cryptopristus Foerster. 
Hind femora below not finely dentate and with no larger tooth. 
Scutellum with a clear sharp cross-furrow. Hind border of the first ab- 
dominal segment of the male entire or incised...1...... 2..1,..2.- 
Genus Syntomaspis Foerster. 
Scutellum without trace of a cross-furrow. Hind border of first abdominal 
Seomentiof malesincised aaa.) Seles. Genus Torymus Dalman. 
MMIMOSIOUIOLIERSEHLEC vhs oe fee oe eile taki -s- s+... Genus Ormiyrus) Westwood. 


Subfamily EUPELMINAE. 


KXyes hairy. 


Second abdominal segment short, not incised........,*Genus Brasema Cameron. 
Second abdominal segment as long as all the others together, deeply incised at 
ASK: sis iaievavale Ae op aioereresasone ROE. 12/3 > che tales *Genus Lutnes Cameron. 


Second abdominal segment very large, slightly rounded at tip................... 
7 *Genus Aseirba Cameron. 
Eyes not hairy. 
Hind tibize and first tarsal joint compressed, broad...... Genus Halidea Foerster. 
Hind tibize and first tarsal joint neither compressed nor broad. 


Front below the antennal grooves indented. The middle ocellus in the antennal 


groove. 
Middle tibiee very long. 
Antennz arise near the border of the mouth. ....*Genus Stenocera Walker. 
Antenne arise far above the mouth-border....*Genus Polymoria Foerster. 
Middle tibize not very long..... hele Pe eer *Genus Ratzeburgia Foerster. 


Front not indented below the antennal grooves. Middle ocellus not situate in 
groove. 

Scutellum with a broad base against mesoscutum....*Genus Calosoter Walker. 

Seutellum with a narrow base. 
First tarsal joint of middle legs with strong spines beneath................ 
Genus Eupelmus Dalmann. 
First tarsal joint of middle legs with no strong spines beneath......... oe 
*Genus Charitopus Foerster. 

Subfamily ENCYRTINAE. 
FEMALES. 


Muntele sjomtedian 2). varie) vba seeere erin Beis! ahs *Genus Cercobelus Walker. 


PATOL ter ay OLN Cy terranes Seu meeioeete|- <1: = Winey e eee Rereeeted: Genus Rhopus Foerster. 
Funicle 6-jointed.* 
Head with a sharp angle between,face and vertex ....*Genus Habrolepis Foerster. 
Face not angled. 
Seape,/funicle and club broadly flattened. 
Wings: developed)(and coldted with, browns. ecor s--5. hemes 
*Genus Cerapterocerus Westwood. 
Wings almost alwavs rudimentary; when developed, are hyaline. 
Head narrow, facial impression not extending up between the eyes. . ss 
*Genus Anusia Foerster. 
Head thick, facial impression extending between the eyes................. 
*Genus Mira Schellenberg. 
Scape, funicle and club not at all flattened. 
Scutellum at base with two deep impressions, wings rudimentary......... 
*Genus Ectroma Westwood. 
Scutellum without grooves. 
Scutellum crescent-shaped. Wings rudimentary......-...-.......... 
*Genus Baeocharis Mayr. 
Scutellum three-cormered, with rounded or not rounded tip. 
Scutellum with a large bunch of hair at tip. 
Pedicel shorter than first funicle joint. Mesonotum without silver- 
white hairs. Marginal vein shorter than stigmal .............. 
Genus Comys Foerster. 
Pedicel longer than first funicle joint. Mesonotum with silver-white 
hairs. Marginal vein at least as long as stigmal..............- 
/ Genus Chiloneurus Westwood. 
Scutellum without a large bunch of hair. 
Head with very large thimble-like punctures. 


Wings clear; marginal vein wanting or very short 


Genus Bothriothorax Ratzeburg. 
Wings entirely or somewhat fuscous; marginal vein never very 
SHG TMP RENEE s = "oha se) = oleae ..Genus Phaenodiscus Foerster. 
Head not with very large punctures. Antennal club obliquely 
truncate. 
Facial groove very pronounced,...Genus Copidosoma Ratzeburg. 
Pacial/enrooversiight } ./.).%. 2 alalejevel eae Genus Homalotylus Mayr. 
Antennal club not oblique truncate. 
Wings rudimentary, or if developed the scutellum is flat or its tip 
is light colored. 
Scape strongly broadened below. ...Genus Dinocarsis Foersser. 
Scape not broadened below. 
First funicle joint only as long as thick, the scape reaching 
only to the upper border of the facial impression ........ 
*Genus Choreia Westwood. 
First funicle joint longer than thick, the scape reaching be- 
yond the facial impression....*Genus Erycidnus Walker. 
Wings developed. ‘The scutellum arched and with smooth tip. 


* Except with Holeothorax testaceipes in which the body is not flat, is dark color- 
ed, not smooth, and the wings with short cilia. 


ENTPOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 35 


—=218— 


Mesonotum lusterless. 
Mesonotum with fine, sharp, longitudinal strie. Body short. 
Scape very slightly broadened, if at all; funicle 5- or 6- 
OUNCE ene An shee *Genus Holcothorax Mayr. 
Mesonotum with thick, sharp and fine thimble-like punctures. 
Funicle 6-jointed. , 
Funicle joints thicker than long. Marginal vein wanting..... 
Genus Aphycus Mayr. 
First five funicle joints longer than thick. Marginal vein 
present, although short...._.Genus Blastothrix Mayr. 
Mesonotum more or less lustrous. 
Fore wings not ciliate. Antennz very long and thin; 6th 
funicle joint shortest, but five times as long as wide.-.... 
Genus Psilophrys Mayr. 
Fore wings ciliate. Last funicle joint not so long. 
Marginal vein one-half as long again as stigmal. Scapulie 
meet in a short carina. Antennz longer than body... . 
Genus Leptomastix Foerster. 
Marginal vein much shorter. Scapule make no median 


carina. 
Antennz very thin; pedicel three times as long as thick: 
club almost as thin as the funicle joints... ... : 


*Genus Liothorax Mayr. 
Antenne thicker; pedicel shorter; club stouter than 


funicle 5 yee.» Sake eels Genus Encyrtus Dalman. 
MALES. 
Funicle with only two short joints. The club unusually long, cylindrical........... 


*Genus Habrolepis Foerster. 
Funicle 6-jointed. 
Mesonotum before tegulz with a deep impression. Second and fifth funicle joint 
g-coxmered«when seen from the side xian...) - *Genus Prionomitus Mayr. 
Mesonotum with no impression. Funicle joints not triangular. 
Funicle joints each with two half whorls of long hairs. 


Marginal vein longer than stigmal. 
Mesonotum with close flat silver-white hairs, scutellum usually with a bunch 


of upright spiny hairs at tip ......... Genus Chiloneurus Westwood. 

Mesonotum with brownish-yellow hairs, scutellum with no erect bunch of 
hairs. 

Marginal vein shorter than stigmal....... *Genus Cerapterocerus Westwood. 


Head and upper side of thorax thickly covered with very large round punct- 


LIES Pare ai ape aote ie =iene nea neretoetee ...-Genus Bothriothorax RKatzeburg. 


Head and thorax not so sculptured. 
Wings with long cilia. Head and thorax very finely shaggreened and 
lustrous. Body small and flat............ Genus Rhopus Foerster. 
Wings with short cilia, Body finely punctate, lusterless............... ; 
Genus Blastothrix Mayr. 
Funicle joints equally clothed with long or short hairs; no half whorls. 
Scutellum before its tip with a bunch of erect, black hairs..............-. 
Genus Comys Foerster. 
Scutellum with no bunch of hairs. 
Funicle strongly compressed. 


Scape quite strongly broadened below; scutellum flat; w-ngs rudimentary 


RSID Sieg cf otE ae SCRE S's 2g as Gene *Genus Dinocarsis Foerster, 
Scape not compressed; scutellum strongly transversely arched; wings deve- 
TO pedis. comin = piei ieekeere =.)- cb sy stoeecte *Genus Prionomastix Mayr. 


Funicle not or but slightly compressed. 
Head and mesonotum with thick and sharp round punctures; marginal 
vein wanting or very short.........Genus Copidosoma Ratzeburg. 
Head and mesonotum not so sculptured. 
Mesonotum lusterless, no sculpture perceptible with a low power, 
Middle of face transversely strongly arched. Mesonotum under a 
high power with close Jongitudinal line or impressions, Pedicel 
shorter than first funicle joint.......*Genus Holcothorax Mayr. 
Face delicately arched. Pedicel longer than first funicle joint ......, 
Genus Aphycus Mayr. 
Mesonotum moderately or strongly lustrous and usually with easily 
perceptible sculpture. 
Marginal vein evidently longer than the stigmal.................. 
*Genus Ericydnus Walker, 
Marginal vein usually shorter than stigmal, seidom as long, or the 
wings are rudimentary. 
Wings rudimentary. , 
Scutellum large, very flat, reaching behind to the base of the 
first abdominal segment...... - *Genus Choreia Westwood. 
Scutellum small, arched, not reaching to abdomen............. 


*Genus Baeocharis Mayr. 
Wings developed. 


Head covered with large shallow impressions, over these thickly 
and finely punctured. .....*Genus Phaenodiscus Foerster. 
Head not much punctured, usually with only a few scattered im- 
pressions near the eyes. 
Head lengthened below eyes, trapezoidal when seen from be— 


OREM IER «als... « cs eae Genus Psilophrys Mayr. 
Head not lengthened below eyes, round or oval when seen 
POMP WELOLE:,,. 5. <a eee ree Genus Encyrtus Dalman. 


Subfamily APHELININAE. 
Fore wings with a hairless line, extending from stigma transversely towards base of 
wing; antennze apparently 6-jointed. 
Fore wings dusky on basal half and furnished with cilia towards tIp.. age 
*Genus Biasee chains Reeser 
Fore wings not dusky and not with especially long cilia. 
Three antennal joints before club of equal length..... *Genus Mesidia Foerster. 
Three antennal joints before club of unequal length. 
Ovipositor exserted to more than one-third the length of abdomen. : 
Genus Centrodora F oerster. 
Ovipositor not at all or but slightly exserted ...Genus Aphelinus Westwood. 
Fore wings with no hairless line; antennee plainly $-jointed. 
Antennal club only 2-jointed; hind border of hind wings with very long cilia... ... 
*Genus Encarsia Foerster. 
Antennal club 3-jointed; hind border of hind wings with no very long cilia, ...... 
Genus Coccophagus Westwood. 
(To be continued.) 


ae 


Society News. 

Brooklyn Entomological Society. January 5, 1885. — Twenty persons 
present, the president in the chair. The officers of the preceding year read their 
reports, which were accepted, and the following officers were elected for the en- 
suing year. President: Rev. Geo, D. Hulst; Vice-Pres.: Chas. W, Leng; Corr. 
Secy.: John B. Smith; Rec. Secy.: A. C. Weeks; Treasurer: C. H. Roberts: 
Curator: Chas. W. Leng; Librarian: Geo. D. Hulst. Members of the Executive 
Committee: Geo. D. Hulst, B. Neumoegen, J. B. Smith, E. L. Graef, C. W. Leng, 
Geo. Gade. Publication Committee: J. B. Smith, Hy. Edwards, Geo. D. Hust, 
G. W. J. Angell, E. L. Graef. Messrs. J. Hess, C. Pfeil, and W. Schenck were 
dropped from the rolls of the Society for non-payment of dues, The proposition 
of the ‘‘Prairie Farmer” for an exchange of publications was accepted. 

Mr. Smith explained briefly how, where, when and what to sift, and deserib- 
ed the outfit required. Messrs. Graef, Hulst, Mayer, Cramer and Pearsall dis- 
cussed the question of how Limacodes are best brought to maturity. Mr. Pear- 
sall reports good success in forcing them to maturity by keeping in a warm 
moist temperature—a number of species are daily emerging from pupa formed 
the past fall. Informal discussion closed the meeting. 

Entomological Society of Washington, Jan. 6, 1886. Prof. H. Osborn 
was elected a member of the Society. The election of officers for 1886 took 
place. Prof. C. V. Riley was elected president, but declined to serve as he had 
already served two terms. A second ballot resulted as follows: President: L. O. 
Howard; 1st Vice-Pres.: Dr. J. G. Morris; 2nd Vice-Pres.: Dr. Geo. Marx; Rec. 
Secy.: E. A. Schwarz; Corr. Secy.: J. B. Smith; Treasurer: B. P. Mann, Ex- 
ecutive Committee: Dr. C. V. Riley, O. Lugger and Theo. Pergande. 

Prof. Osborn read a paper on certain Hemiptera which were unusually 
abundant in Iowa in the fall of 1885 giving with each species the food-plant or 
place of occurrence. Among the species mentioned are the following: Caryno- 
coris distinetus, Alydus eutinus, Neides spinosus, Anthocoris insidiosus, Phylus 
angulatus, Blissus leucopterus, Calocoris rapidus, Lygqus lineolaris, Phymata erosa, 
Acholla multispinosa, Cicada tibicen, Ceresa bubalus, Publilia concava, Brochymena 
arborea and B. annulata. 4 

Mr. Lugger read a paper on the life-habits of Mesites subcylindricus and 
Platypus flavicornis, as observed by him on the beach of the Chesapeake Bay, 
Eastern Shore of Maryland. The former species was found to live in great num- 
bers in old roots of Pinus australis which are covered twice each day by the high 
tide. The beetles infest the roots in large numbers and honeycomb them with 
large and irregular burrows. Holes of exit for the perfect beetles are very few. 
The Platypus was observed abundantly flying one morning just before sunrise 
and not at any other time of the day, nor would the beetles be found on orin 
the Yellow Pines, the only trees growing in that locality. 

Dr. Riley exhibited drawings of larva and pupa of Exorista vitlata and Epi- 
pocus punctatus and explained the differences between the corresponding adole- 
scent stages in these two insects. 

A letter from Mr. C. L. Johnson was read, stating that he had observed a 
Lepidopterous larva feeding on a species of Aphid, and had bred the insect to 
maturity. Mr. Lugger stated that the larva was that of Fenesica tarquinius, and he 
had also made the same observation several years in succession: though he had 
never actually seen them feeding on the Aphids, they were always found among 
them. 


TONS UEle 
AMERICANA — 


BROOKLYN, MARCH, 1886. NO. 12, 





Mons 


The North American species of Toxophora. 
By D. W. CoQuicierr: 


The genus Zoxophora may be easily distinguished from any other 
genus belonging to the family Bombylidze by the following characters: 
Wings with only three posterior cells; abdomen never club-shaped, cov- 
ered with an appressed tomentum and destitute of long pile; body and 
head when viewed from the side curves nearly in the form ofa halfcircle: 
first joint of antennze longer than the third. 


The following table comprises all of the species of Zoxophora known 
to occur in North America. 


1.— Wings with three submarginal cells, the second vein being connected with the 
anterior branch ofthe third by a cross-veraias weemicanc. ee ogee ene waee 2 
Wings with only two submarginal cells; cross-vein at apex of discal cell not 


angular, and destitute of a stump of a vein..... Mere p ty. sheet leucopyga. 

2.— Cross-vein at apex of discal cell angular and bearing a stump of a vein....... 3 
Cross-vein at apex of discal cell not angular, destitute of a stump of a vein..... 4 
3-— Wings hyaline, costal half only slightly yellowish........ ......... pellucida. 
Wings smoky brown, costal half darker brown.... Pier ya jae PMIteds 
4.— Abdomen with a black stripe each side of the middle................. virgata. 
Abdomen with a row of black spots each side of the middle .......... maxima. 


1’, amerwana Guer. (Icon. Regn. Anim., Insectes, t. 95, f 1) has 
never been described; moreover, the figure shows four posterior cells, 
which would exclude this species from the genus Zo.xophora. 

T. leucopyga Wied. Auss, Zw. I, 361, 2; Macq. Dipt. Ex, II, 1, 8 Oy rea ine HH 
{. 1; fulva Gray, Griffith’s An. Kingd. XV, Ins. 2, 779, t. 126, f. 5; O.-S. Western 
Dyptera 267; Cat. Dipt. 238. Ga,. Car., Tex. Length 10-12 mm. (0.-S.) 

Unknown to me. Judging from the descriptions there can be no 
doubt of the correctness of this synonomy, which was suspected by Osten 
Sacken. 


na 


T. pellucida n. sp. Wholly black. First goint of antenne whi'e tomentose, 
inner side of second joint si/vcry pollinose in the male. A cluster of appressed whit- 
ish pile on each side of the front above the antennze. Occiput pale yellowish pilose. 
Thorax pate yellowish p lose, the center fulvous tomentose, the bristles black; pleura 
white tomentose. Abdomen white tomentose, at the base more yellowish; a row of 
‘black spots each side of the middle, situated on the anterior edges of the sexments, 
those on the first segment extending the entire length of the segment, those on the 
second segment coalescing with each other; also a row of black spots on each side of 
the abdomen, situated in the middle of segments, somethimes wanting except on the 
second and third segments. Venter white tomentose. Femora whitish tomentose, 
on the tibiae more yellowish. Knob of halteres whitish. Wings hyaline, costal, first 
and second basal cells somewhat yellowish; three submarzinal cells; small cross-vein 
at middle of discal cel]; cross-vein at apex of discal ce'l angular and bearing a stump 
of a vein which projects into the second pusterior cell, Lengih 6--10 mm. Cal. 
70:79: 

T. maximan. sp. Wholly black. First joint of antennze white tomentose. 
Front, except the apex, with densely appressed yellow pile. Occiput yellow pilose. 
Thorax yellow pilose and tometose, the bristles black; pleurze yellow pilo-e. Abdom- 
en brizht yellow tomentoss, a row of black spots on each side of the middle, situat- 
ed on anterior edges of the -esments, those on the second segment coalesciny with 
each other. Venter sparse whitish tomentose. more dense on hind edges of the seg- 
ments. Femora and _tibie pale yellow tomentose. Knob of halteres yellowish. 
Wings hyaline, costal, first and second basal cells slightly yellowish; three submarg- 
inal cells; small cross-vein at last third of discal cell; crc ss-vein at apex of discal cell 
not angular, destitute of a stump ofa vein. Lenzthi6mm. Cal. 1 Q. 

T. virgata O.-S. Western Diptera 266. Length 7—1o mm. 2 0/,1%. Cal., 
Wiexs Gar 

T. amphitea Walker. Cat. B. M. II, 298; O.-S. Western Dipt. 267. Length 
12mm. (according to Osten-Sacken 5 mm.). 1 9, Fla., Middle and So. States. 


Proceedings of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S. 


(Continued from page 209 ante. ) 
‘The Secretary then read the following paper: 


LARVAL, LONGEVITY OF CERTAIN COLEOPHORA: 


By Mary E. MurTFELDT, Kirkwood, Mo. 


With regard to the life habits of its species-no group of the 7ineda@ 
is more interesting than the Co/eophore. 

The larve are all case bearers, the cases being very dense, of a 
woody or testaceous appearance and from silk with a large admixture of 
excrementitious matter. They vary much in form and, where the larve 
are confined to a single food-plant, the shape of the case may be regard- 
ed as an important characteristic of the species. 

Only the head and thoracic segments of the larva are ever exposed 
and these alone show color ornamentations. 


Yo 


The legs are well developed and the insect is capable of quite rapid 
locomotion notwithstanding the unwieldiness of the enclosed hind-body 
which is usually sustained at an angle of forty-five degrees and sometimes 
almost vertically. 

I have found the Co/eophore rather difficult to rear and_ this is es- 
pecially the case with the single brouded species that can be collected 
only in autumn. ‘These must be preserved not only over winter, but 
through the still more trying months of spring and summer often late 
into September and October. During all this time the entomologist 
must continually guard these objects of his care from excessive heat, 
mould and mites. 

All Coleophora larvee are averse to dampness and yet a certain 
amount of moisture about the time of their final tranformations seems 
to be necessary to their complete development. 

For four or five successive years I have collected and cared for the 
larvee of a certain species which may be found in September and October 
on the seeds of Chenopodium album. he cases of this species are at first 
conical and are carried in an almost erect position, but at maturity be- 
come somewhat fusiform and considerably curved at the anterior end. 
The average length is 0. 20 inch, the texture peculiarly firm with an ir- 
regular roughened and mottled surface which closely imitates the dull 
black, whitish green and pale brown of the ripening seed cases of the 
Chenopotium. . 

The head and narrow cervical shield are polished pale-brown in- 
distinctly mottled with a darker shade of the same color. Thoracic seg- 
ments beautifully ornamented with curved and wavy lines of crimson 
on a pearl-white ground and the long and slender legs are similarly 
marked. When removed from the case the hind body is found to be of 
a pale-green or greenish-white color, depressed cylindrical form and with 
a very soft and easily ruptured integument. ‘The prolegs are of the 
normal number but reduced to simple circlets of minute hooks. Supra- 
anal plate dark fuscous, horny and edged with short stiff hairs. 

On the dorsum of the seventh segment, in many of the larvae exam 
ined, were a pair of dark spots each one with two points projecting 
toward the medio-dorsal line. . The nature of these marks or organs I have 
not yet ascertained. 

Growth is usually complete by the middle of October and the larvz 
then either desert their food plant entirely or attach themselves to the 
main stalk. Here they remain ten or eleven months and sometimes even 
longer in a state of semi-dormancy, ‘That they are not completely dorm- 
ant is evident by the fact that if forcibly loosened from their places, or 
disturbed by the pressure of any other body against their cases, or if the 


surface to which they are attached becomes damp, they will with apparent 
ease lift up their cases and remove to a more favorable location, In the 
rearing jar the cases will nearly all be found attached to the muslin cover 
which the larvae have previously thickened with a very fine web, The 
cases are attached by a secretion which seems to be a mixture of cement 
and silk. I have also found the cases partly buried in the pith of a 
split-stalk of the food plant with which I had provided them. If nothing 
occurs to disturb them or to endanger their health they do not usually 
move from their original position. So far as my observation goes these 
larve do not ‘‘feed up” in the spring or summer, though tempted with 
both fresh and dried food, and yet I have often found them, not only 
alive but plump and active and able to crawl up the smooth sides of the 
rearing jar after more than a year’s abstinence. ‘Their only preparation 
for transformation consists in strengthening the anchorage of their cases 
and in turning around within them to enable the moth to emerge from 
the posterior or free end. 

It is at this crisis that they are most likely to succumb to unfavor- 
able outward conditions. Their peculiar vitality seems to be exhausted 
and does not suffice for the change to pupze, hence my inability after re- 
peated experiments, to report success in rearing the perfect insect. 

C. lineapulvella Cham., is an equally tantalizing species. I have 
never found this feeding but have taken the cases in the autumn from 
the bark of trees and shrubs and only once succeeded in rearing the 
imago. 

I believe this larval longevity to be characteristic only of the seed- 
feeding species, as I have never observed it in those found on leaves or 
buds, the latter being usually double brooded. 

(P.S.-Since the above notes were offered to the Entomological Club 
I have the satisfaction of reporting the emergence of two imagines of the 
species on seeds of Chenopodium. 

These appeared about the last of September. A few days ago 
(Oct. 15) on cutting open some of the remaining cases I found one larva 
still unchanged but apparently healthy. 

The species seems closely allied to ifnot identical with C. Zneapul- 
vella Ch., though the cases from which I bred the more typical form of 
the latter were quite different in several respects. The species just reared 
varies chiefly in the darker ground color of the primaries, which instead 
of being white is deep buff and in the more profuse dusting of brown 
scales on the apical third. A more critical examination may disclose 
other less obvious distinctions. It would certainly add to the testimony 
against the value of larval characteristics should the two (supposed) spe- 
cies prove identical.) 


Prof. Riley says, many species remain for along time in the larva 
state. There isa Zhyridopteryx which can hardly be distinguished from 
ephaemertformis that lives a full year in the larva state instead of complet 
ing its transformations in a few months as ephaemertformis does. 

Prof. Lintner remarked that it was surprising how far small larve 
sometimes travelled during their life. Aspaedisca splenderiferella on 
apple, was often so abundant that almust every leaf on a tree showed 
either a Jarva or traces of its work. He found the pupa on the leaves, 
the branches, and onthe trunks, even close to the roots. The imago 
emerged during the latter part of July. He wondered that the larva 
should travel so far before pupating. 

Mr. Smith then proposed as a subject of discussion 


“HOW SHALL WE CREATE, AND FOSTER AN INTEREST 
INGEHE STUDY OF ENTOMOLOGM 


He said he had, during the past year or more, been carefully con- 
sidering this question, without reaching a satisfactory conclusion. It 
seems strange that in so large a country, with a fauna offering so many 
new and interesting forms, there should be so few with a lively interest 
in Entomology. The youth of this country seem to have no interest in 
that line, and the question is, could not some interest be created? And, 
further, how, when created, can this interest be fostered? He has receiv- 
ed many letters from collectors of this tenor: How can I determine my 
insects? What books shall I get? and similar questions. He had not 
always found it easy to give a satisfactory answer. Many of the gentlemen 
present were teachers, or in official positions: Can they offer any sug- 
gestions? 

Prof. Osborn said, one of the first difficulties in the way of interest- 
ing students is, that we cannot offer. them any profit from the study. 
They must study something that will enable them to get a living, and 
Entomology is not one of the branches that offers many advantages in 
that direction. He teaches Entomology, and creates a temporary interest, 
which, owing to other serious duties of life, generally dies out, sooner or 
later, 

Prof. Riley said, the matter is an important one, and deserving our 
careful attention. The question of books, is a serious one, often asked 
and not satisfactorily answered. ‘There are so many, treating of different 
groups or part of groups, that it requires a considerable library to study: 
and this kind of work does not reach the popular mind, and is not what 
we need. Still we have no reason to complain of the progress of Entom- 
ology: compare the state of the science twenty years ago with its present 
condition, and it offers little to despair of. Im the late edition of the 


2 


Naturalist’s Dire-tory there are more with» Entomology. in some of its 


- 


branches after their names, than ever before. 


Mr. Smith says that in the May No. of ‘‘Ent. Am.” he had given a 
statement of what the Naturalist’s Directory showed in this direction, and 
proved how little the word ‘‘2n?.” after a name signified in many 
instances. 

Prof. Peabody said that in 1869 this matter came up before him and 
he has tried to work out its solution for many years. He had_ projected 
a popular manual; but the longer he worked, the further off seemed the - 
end. ‘There were two serious difficulties in the way. The first is, that 
the subject is so large that it is difficult for one man to cover the ground 
and keep the work within moderate bounds; and the second, that our 
knowledge of many orders was still too incomplete for such a work which 
should be simple and comprehensive. 

Prof. Underwood thinks we do not necessarily need such a com- 
prehensive work. ‘The most successful manuals in botany, and such as 
created most interest, where those that treated only a limited group, and 
a limited fauna. A most useful treatise would be one embracing the in- 
sects of the N.E, United States, as there the largest number of those who 
would be interested in such a work would be found. 


Mr. S. W, Allis said, that one drawback is the want of knowledge 
how.a collection should be kept. He has known a number of young 
men who started enthusiastically, and gathered a large lot of material: 
suddenly the museuin pests appeared and cleaned them out; effectually 
dampening their ardor. His idea would be to encourage students to 
collect in special groups. The collections would be smaller, more readily 
kept, and there would be more apt to be good material amongst them. 

Prof. Riley thinks we could never render such a work as has been 
proposed, popular. We do not want to make collectors, we want students, 
who will take an interest in the work. There is great difficulty also in 
getting any order outside of Coleopfera and Lepidoptera in a popular and 
yet accurate form, because so little is known of them. After all, in his 
opinion, Entomologists, like poets, are born, and not made, and unless 
they have the proper stuff in them, they cannot be made good workers. 
Relerring again to the question of books; he alway recommends: first, 
Harris Injurious Insects, a classic that will give acquaintance with many 
common species, as well asa simple classification; second, Kirby and 
Spence; third, Westwood. He has had in mind an introductory work, 
to which Westwood would be somewhat the model. He would treat, 
perhaps, 100 families, taking a type of each, and giving a complete treat- 
ise on it, so that the student could gain a knowledge of what classification 


meant. Such a work could not have synopses, because that would not 
be popular, 

Prof. Peabody would not recommend Kirby & Spence nor West- 
wood, for American students. He thinks that a student who could over- 
come those works, and still retain an interest, would be a born Entom- 
ologist, who required no stimulant to interest him. 

Prof Lintner would not recommend Kirby & Spence, nor Westwood. 
He recommends Harris and Packard. He thinks children are born 
naturalists, and that synopses, especially if illustrated would be very 
useful. 

Prof. Westcott says he recommends Harris, Packard, and Le Baron’s 
4th Report, which is excellent so far as it goes; and there were several 
other reports that would be very useful. 

Prof. Riley said there is a-difficulty in recommending public docu- 
ments, because they are not readily obtainable in the ordinary course 
of trade. 

Prof, Osborn thinks personal contact among Entomologists the best 
way to create and sustain interest in the study. 

Further discussion brought forth no new suggestions, though many 
minor difficulties in the way of producing a popular and yet valuable 
work were discussed. 

On motion of Prof. Underwood the club then adjourned, to meet 
again under the rules, at the next meeting of the A.A.A\S. 

JOHN B. SMITH, Secrerary., 


re 0 9 


The systematic position of the genus Triprocris Gvz. 


By H. B. Méscuter, Kronférstchen near Bautzen. 


I published in Stettynerc Entomologische Zeitung, 1885, p. 203 etc., 
a treatise on Mr. Smith’s Notes on the systematic position of some North 
American Lepidoptera and assented to this author's view, that none of 
the genera, placed in the family Zyg@nidae by several North American 
authors, belong to it; but there were a few genera unknown to Mr. Smith 
and myself and Zriprocris is among them. Since that time, Mr. Neu- 
m6gen. was kind enough to send me a fine specimen of Zrzprocris Smith- 
sonianus Clem., collected in Texas, and I will give my view on the 
systematic position of this species, stated by an exact examination of my 
example. 

In size this species is similar to the species of the genus /vo Leach, 
and the body, especially the antennze, shows a metallic hue like those 


species. 


Antenne with bases approached, much shorter than the body, rather 
deeply pectinated in the Qj. Palpi very minute, scaled, drooping, term- 
inal joint acute. Tongue very short. Eyes large, rather prominent, 
naked. Head free, rather small, scaled, with ocelli, Thorax longer 
than wide, scaled. Abdomen rather cylindrical, finely scaled, shortly 
and indefinitely tufted at the sides, much exceeding the hind wings. 

Legs slender, finely scaled, hind tibize with two apical spurs. Fore 
wings longer than the body, narrow, rounded at the tip. Hind wings 
narrow, rounded at the tip. 

Neuration of the fore wings. Discoidal cell $ of the length of the 
wing, obtuse at the end, divided; subcostal vein four-branched, two nery- 
ules before the end of the cell, two behind it, near to each other. Two 
discoidal veins. Median vein four-branched with nervules nearly equidist- 
amt. Two internal veins. — 

Neuration of the hind wings. Discoidal cell rather longer than 
half the wing. Costal vein wanting, subcostal vein two-branched at the 
end of the cell, one discoidal vein, median vein three-branched, the 
nervules nearly equidistant, ‘Three internal veins. 


In my paper a specimen is mentioned as unknown to me and_ be- | 
longing presumptively to Z7iprocrvs. 
At present, Iam sure, that it belongs to this genus, in spite ofa 
little difference of the neuration of the hind wings; but I am doubtful 
Pe ae whether it is the female of Zr. Szuthsonianus or another 
KS species. A comparison of my figures will illustrate the 
difference. (Upper figure Sm/hsonzanus, lower figure sp ?) 
SS With regard to the systematic position of the genus 77zprocris, 
there is no doubt that it belongs neither to the family of 
Zygeenide nor to the Syntomidae. It cannot belong to the first family 
because the costal vein of hind wings is wanting, and as it has two in- 
ternal veins of the fore wings this genus cannot,be placed with the Syn- 
tomide. It can only belong to the family Pyromorphide H. Sch., with 
the genera Pyromorpha H. Sch. and Harrisina Pack.; for the genera be- 
longing to this family, are distinguished by two internal veins of the fore 
wings and want of the costal vein of the hind wings. 


I was thus able to examine all the genera of North American 
Zygeenide, except Pseudalypia Edw., Horama Edw., Edwardsia Nmgn., 
and Penthetria Hy. Edw., and I must again confirm that Mr, Smith’s 
view that neither of them belong to the Zygzenidz is perfectly right. 


—22y— 


The breastbone of the larva of Cecidomyia 
homologous to the labium. 


By Dr. H. A. HaAcGeEn. 


The gall of Cec. (Caryae) fubicola Sacken, is solid at the darker tip: 
the two basal thirds possess an elongated cavity, filled but not densely with 
some irregular webbing, the threads being very fine. The comparatively 
very small larva has an amber-yellow breastbone; its free part resembles 
a small tooth of a shark, which joins somewhat abruptly a longer and 
broader basal ovoid part. Near this part are situated saussage-like 
vessels; two of them connected with the larger part of the breastbone, just 
before the free pointed apical part. These vessels have a dull ashy-gray 
appearance, similar to spinning vessels, are 0,003 mill. thick, witha 
thinner end attached nearly together on the ventral side. ‘The ventral . 
side of the free part of the breastbone is concave at its base, where it is 
included in the body, and even on the not included part some fine striae 
are to be seen. If this is, as I believe it to be, an organ for spinning, the 
breastbone is homologous with the labium, I should remark that C. 
/ubicola is till now the only species, known to me, to spin; but probably 
there exist many more. 


=a + ~<@- e 


Society News. 


Brooklyn Entomological Society. February 2, 1885. — Twenty persons 
present, the president in the chair. Mr. Hulst gave some general notes on the 
classification of the Geometridz, based on the studies thus far made by him, and 
urged the collection of larve and the breeding of the species, as the only way to 
obtain a thorough knowledge of the geometrid fauna of any locality. Mr. Weeks 
gave some of his experiences with the larve of this family, noting that the larva 
of Endropia marginaria hibernated without making special efforts to secure com- 
fortable or warm quarters for the winter. 

A discussion on methods of collecting and raising larve in which severa 
members took part, closed the evening. 


Entomological Society of Washington. February 11, 1886. Mr. Howard 
read a note from Prof. Riley in relation to the food habits of the larva of Fenesica 
tarquinius, in which he stated that he had for some time had in his notes, the 
records of observations by Mr. Pergande, who had found the larva actually feed- 
ing on the following species of Aphididz: Pemphigus fraxinifolii, Schizoneura 
tesseleata, and Pemphigus imbricator. The last named species is the species re- 
ferred to by Mr. Johnson and Mr. Lugger at the last meeting. 

Mr. Howard read a paper on the Chalcid genus Podagrion, peculiar, because 
it unites the characters of several families, and is parasitic on Mantis eggs. He 
particularly described the method of oviposition through the hard covering of 
the egg masses. Mr. Lugger states that at one period of its development the 
embryo of Mantis shows 4 pairs of legs. Mr. Howard also mentioned that a 
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA 35 


specinen of Lasioderma serricorne has been found alive in Pyrethrum powder 
which was still strong enough to kill cockroaches. 

Mr. Lugger exhibited a pattern of a new aquarium which is very con- 
venient for rearing and observing all sorts of aquatic larve &e. It can be hung 
on the wall like a picture, and readily connected with the water pipe, so that a 
steady flow of water of any desired strength can be maintained. 

Mr. Smith read a translation and abstract of a recent paper on the odor 
giving structures of the males of Lepidoptera, commenting favorably on the 
same, and citing instances confirmatory of the views advanced, i.e. that they 
were secondary sexual characters, the odor proving agreeable to the Q. Mr. 
Schwarz said that among the many forms of secondary sexual characters in the 
Coleoptera, some would likely found analogous in function to those in the Lepid- 
optera. He referred more particularly to the tufts of hair on the mentum ‘of 
Trogosita, and those on the ventral segments of the <j‘ in Dermestes. Differences 
in the vestiture of the sexes are known to occur: e.g. Hoplia where the j’ has 
seales, and the Q only hairs; but in this case it is hardly possible that we have 
to do with odoriferous organs. 


Index to Authors and Subjects. 





Aaron, S, Frank. 
Oviposition in Agrion 16. 

Angell, G. W. J. 
Notes on Chrysomela scalaris Lec. 26. 

Announcement I. 

Ashmead, Wm. H. 
On the discovery of Thoracantha, a 
tropical genus of Chalcid flies, in 
Florida 95. 

Beuttenmueller, Wm. 
Food plants of Lepidoptera (Smerin- 
thus exczecaius) 196. 

Butler, Arthur G, 
On the identity of Cyaniris ladon of 
Cramer, with C. pseudargiolus of 
Boisduval and Leconte 53. 

Book Notices 57, 99, 120, 157, 179, 
199. 

Caseyslet., dale 
Miscellaneous Notes 56. 

Collection Notes 16, 38, 39, 54. 56, 
78, 79, 80, 97, 120. 

Cook, A. J. 
Notes on the functions of the secre- 
tions of Leucanium tilice 211. 
The Choke Cherry Tortricid Moth, 

ne@cia cerasivorana 212. 

Curley, Edwin A. 
Bees and other hoarding insects, their 
spe ialization into females, males and 
workers 61, 

Davis, Wn, T. 
The breeding habits of some of our 
Dragon flies 18. 
The periodical cicada on Staten Is- 
land of. 

Duering, Chas, A. A. 
Note on occurence of Samia cynthia 
10. 

Editorial vagaries 193. 

Edwards, Hy. . 
New Bombycidee from Colorado 17. 
New species of Californian moths 49. 
Notes on Mexican Lepidoptera, with 
descriptions of new species 128. 

Ent. Club of A.A.A.S. 
Notice of meeting of 53. 
Programme of 96. 
Proceedings of 121, 164—-178, 209 
to 214, 222 —227. 

Fernald, C. H. 
Hibner’s Tortricids 137. 





Goding, F. W. 
Biographical Sketch of William Le- * 
Baron 122. 

Harrington, W. H. 
Are curculio larva lignivorous? 18. 


Henshaw, Samuel. 
Record of Some contributions to the 
literature of North American beetles. 
published in 1883—84. Part I, 41: 
Part U7 3: 
Note on ‘On some Historical Errors” 
by W.-H. Fdwards 18. - 
Horn, Geo. H., M.D. 
Synonymical notes, 5, 52, 88 (No.2). 
108 (No 3) 
On variations in Coleoptera I9-—20. 
A note on Scotocryptus 51—79. 
Synopsis of Aneflus 131. 
Concerning Cremastochilus 187. 
Howard, L. O. 
On the parasites of Odontota sutur 
alis 117. 
A generic svnopsis of the Hymenopt- 
erous family Chalcididze 197, 215. 


Hulst, Geo. D. , 
Synopses of Butterflies (Erebia) 36. 
Notes on Platysamia polyommata, 
Tepper’ 155. 
The family position of Euphanessa 
mendica Wlk.° 167. 
New species and varieties of Geome- 
tridze 202—208. 


Kellicott, D. S. 
On the larval period of Harmonia 
pini, and a parasite of same 171. 
On the preparatory stages of an un- 
determined Cossus 173. 


Leng, Chas. W. 
Synopses of Cerambycidze 28, 130. 
Note on Water beetles 39. 
Note on Monilema 136. 
Hypocephalus armatus, Desm. 189. 
Morris, J. G. 


Visit to an old time Entomologist 2. 
Murtfeldt, Mary E. 
Larval longevity of certain species of 
Coleophora 223 
Neumoegen, B. 
Descriptions of New Lepidoptera 92. 
Notes and News 38, 53, 78, 96. 156, 
178, 1096. 
Obituary Note. H. K. Morrison roo. 


INDEX TO AUTHORS AND SUBJECTS (AND SYNOPSES). 


Osborn, Herbert. 
Classification of Hemiptera 21. 


Ricksecker, L. E. 
Collection Notes 96. 


Riley, C. V. 
The influence of Climate on Cicada 
septendecim 9gI. 
The present status and future pro- 
spects of silk culture in the U.S. 139. 
Aletia xylina vs. A. argillacea 161. 
Notes on the principal Injurious In- 
sects of the year, 176. 


Smith, John B. 

Noctuids common to Europe & North 
America 13. 

On variations in Lepidoptera 19-20. 
An abnormal Lucanus cervus 27. 

An introduction to a classification of 
oe N.A. Lepidoptera (Sphingidz) 

I 

Some new species of Hispini 94. 
Notes on the structural characters of 


the Lepidoptera 164. 
Cosmosoma omphale 181. 


Society News. 
Bkln. Ent. Soc. 19, 40, 59, 80, 140. 
159, 179, 200, 220, 229. 
Ent. Soc. of Wash. 60, 80, 180, 200, 
220, 229. 
Stretch, R. H. 
Descriptions of n. sp. of Heterocera 
IO. 
Tepper, Fr. 
Note on Papilio asterias, Fabr. 186. 
Underwood, L. M.: 
‘The N.A. Myriapoda 141. 
Wenzel, H. W. 
Note on Sandalus 107. 
Williston, S. W., M.D. 

- On the classification of North Amer. 
Diptera (2d paper) 10; (3d paper) 
114, 152. 

On variations in Diptera 20. 








Index t© Synopses. 





COLEOPTERA. 
Aneflus. . 34, 131 Gnaphalodest: =) -t-:on el eee 
WiiOnepwen teh N sc eos cranier se 28 Iicterachthes: ea oectee eee 135 
CONT Ye asco dagde soopnaes ae 134 FACCEGOMICLUS . s.7/ancacte ee ie oe 135 
OU UITATTS ere yeh ses, Plies. ow otase's2\ chem lar=) 4s 135 Romaleum(,. 5/5 /scpaseteiiaaeiee 29—30 
DUA yerrcke acetals « «yo ate ee :cis) == 28 giylonotus 0), \.\ te ysniecece oreo 134 
Blaphidiqney mmccn: secs: Sas: 31—32 ZAXMOGES jcc os coe Eee 134 
| VSMC ES |S sad Gere sacar 134 
DIPTERA. 
Beridinz (genera) . Mee 152 |  Stratiomyide: (sub-family)........ 15 
Clitellarinz (genera)..... oe 153 | Stratiomyinz (genera) .......... 153 
Wemiidee (Genera) jartey says =). se cioteaces 10 sabanidce (@eneraleeer nee eee 10 
Pachygastrine (genera).......... 153 | Moxophora\(SPECIES) ann eee 221 
Sabouncel(Senekayater ee. es) se 152 Xylophagid (genera)........... 115 
HEMIPTERA. 
SNOpsis Of (AMINES mepyemiaya: = a0 ale 
HYMENOPTERA. 
Chalcididz (sub-families)........ 1G 70 ial erestupe mince (Sener) meee rete 216 
EUCOSPIGINGEs, Sie eictetalo. c's ove) aint 215 | ‘Encyrtine (genera)............ rto 
Moryminze \(genera) yes fon. 25 we: ZUG a 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
Drebiasseenn.c stcceee a dee see sae) BOM ees pbingidce.« (genera) meet ae eeeer 37 
MYRIAPODA. 


Synopsis of Orders, Families and genera...... 


” 144—150. 


GHNERAL INDEX. 


-——- - — - 


Acoptus suturalis 19 
Adelocephala suprema n. var. 94 
Aegeridze genitalia of 165 
Aeshna verticalis note on 18 
Aglyptus 79 
Agrion oviposition in 16 
Agrotis augur 13 

Sy  Camnearns: 

** —conflua 4 

*«  fennica 209 

iol hestiva a 

‘© haruspica 13 

‘* islandica 14 

‘© Jabradorensis 14 

‘* _messoria 176, 210 

‘* opipara 14 

(a esaucias 210 

«« scropulana 14 

pe SESE SEG, 

ommeStennce yng: 

‘ simplonia 14 

Seemsin cera 

‘ solitaria 14 

=) cexana 15 

© Wockei 14 
Alcohol for collecting 120 
Aletia argillacea 161 

‘ xylina 161 
Am. Ent. Soc. Curator for 54 
Amerinus III 
Aneflus calvatus n. sp. 131, 132 
Angerona celaria n. var, 208 
Anisodactylus arizonz 112 
Anisota Heiligbrodtii, Cocoon of 60 
Anthocharis genutia in Conn. 56 
Anthonomus musculus, hab.of 176, 209 
Apatolestes n. gen. 11, 12 

oa comastes n. sp. 12 

Aphids, secretion of as honey 212 
Arctia approximata n. sp. 104 

«¢ elongata n. sp. 93, 105 

‘* incorrupta 93 

*¢ ~mormonica n. var. 93 

** nevadensis 93 

‘© obliterata n. sp. 105 

‘« sulphurica 93 
Areus 113 
Argynnis halcyone 213 
Arthmius gracilior (note 8) 112 
Arthropeas 114, 115 
Aspiedisca splenderiferella 225 
Attacus cinctus notes on 78 

“« orizaba 160 

“splendidus 78, 160. 
Azelina atrocolorata n. var. 205 

‘« australata n. var. 205 

‘© ~~ radiosaria n. sp. 206 





Barytachys gemellus 111 
Beauvois—Synonomy of Coleoptera de- 
scribed by 88 
3elostoma grandis 54. 
Bembidium dejectum 111 
a vinnulum III 
Bolbomyia 154 
Bombycide, genitalia of 165 
Bradycellus lucidus (note 5) 111 
Byturus unicolor 209 
Caberodes galbanaria n. sp. 204 
aie mimaria n. var. 204 
Ceenia dimidiata, larva of 180 
Calandride 19 
Callimorpha Lecontei 104 
“ reversa n. sp. 104 
Caloptenus femur-rubrum 178, 209 
Camnula pellucida 177 
Caseysnleteianle: 
Collection of 54 
Synonomy of species descr. by 108 
Catocala andromache n. sp. 50 
Cecidomyia pyri 210 
a tubicola 229 
Charistena bicolor n. sp. 95 
Chauna 153 
Chironomus, habitat of a 211 
Chrysobothris femorata, habits of 97 
Chrysomela labyrinthica 127 
Ee multipunctata 128 
philadelphica 59, 126 
pnirsa 127 
oe scalaris 126 
Cicada 17 decim 91, 177 
Cicindela ventralis 52 
Cisthene lactea n. sp. 103 
‘¢  plumbea n. sp. 102 
Coceecia cerasivorana, net of 212 
Coenonympha californicus 213 
. galactinus 213 
Inornata 213 
ochracea 40, 213 
Coniontis elliptica 133 
«robusta 113 
Coleophora, larvze of 223 
es lineapulvella 224 
Colias elis, note on description of 55 
[) Peuby dicey rs: 7 
Coptocycla aurichalcea, how to pre 
serve colors of 78 
Corylophodes 196 
Corylophus 196 
Cosmosoma omphale 140, 179, 181, 213 
Cossonus crenatus 97 
fe piniphilus 97 
oe platalea 19 
Cossus alni n. sp. life-history of 174 


ee 


ce 


ee 


oe 


GENERAL 


Cossus querciperda 176 
Cremastochilus canaliculatus 187 
fs habi's of 187 
AS Schaumii 187 
Crocata Belfragei n. sp. 103 
cosiala n. sp. 103 
«obscura 7. sp. 103 
Cryptamorpha Hubbardi 
(note 15) 
Cryptobium, remarks on 20 
Cryptocephalus distinctus 9 
Ctenucha fuivicollis, anal append. of 79 
et Robinsonii 107 
Cyanide for collecting 120 
Cyaniris ladon 53 
GG) eiorey 132) 
«¢  pseudargiolus 53 
Cybister fmbriolatus 54 
Danais archippus 140, 159, 160 
Derostenus primus n sp. 117 
Dianous chalybeus 113 
<¢ zephyrus 113 
Didasys, genitalia of 165 
Diptera, on the classification of 114 
Donacia lucida 9 
ae cuprea 9 
Drepanodes eflascinaria sp. nov. 204 
es hortularia sp. nov. 205 
ee perizomaria sp. nov. 205 
Ectvpia bivittata 107 
Elaphidion unicolor 133 
Elater rufipes 88, 90 ’ 
Electric light attracting insects 156, 160 
Eleodes arcuata 113 
«© deformity of an 56 
Ellema 167 
Ellopia fervidaria_ 208 
«© somniaiia sp. nov. 208 
Elmis, hab ts of 200 
Endropia d coloraria n. sp. 207 


TIO,: -1T2, 


es hilumaria n. sp. 2c6 
ee lentaria n. sp. 207 

es manubaria n. sp. 207 
a minoraria n. sp. 206 
$e mollisaria n. sp. 206 
s¢ occaniaria n. sp. 207 


Entomologisis in Scientist’s Direct. 39 
Epiceerus imbricatus, mandibular app- 
endages of 60 
Epitragus ovalis 113 
Ergates spiculatus 97 
Eucaterva variaria, cocoon of 60 
Euchetes Bolieri n. sp. 106 
F murina n, sp. 106 
Eudryas Stee Johannis 107 
Euphanessa mendica 167 
Eupsalis minuta 19 
Eurvereon rantalis 176 
Eurymene arrogaria 7, sp. 208 


a excelsa 202 
Eurymetopon carbonatum 113 
of dubium 113 


of emarginatum 113 


INDEX. 


Eutrapela anfractata n. sp. 202 

Fxochost ma caloceps 154 

Eyes of Insects 15 

Fenesica-tarquin.us, larv. hab, of 220,229 

Feronia picipes 9 

Genital structure of Lepidoptera 164 
‘* variations of 19, 20 

Glaphyra semiusta 8 

Glutops 114, 115 

Glycerius (II 

Gnopheela disjuncta n. sp. 128 

Halesidota cinnamomea 107 


sf macularia 107 

oe scapularis n. sp. 106 
Harmonia pini, life history of 171 

vs parasites of 172 


Harpalus vespertinus 112 
Harrisina australis n. sp. 102 
cc metallica m- sp: 102 
Helops americanus 89—90 
See th Sts sO 
‘* undula'us 89—go0 
Hemiteles thyridop.erigis 60 
Hessian fly 77 
Hister cylindricus 89, 90 
‘* elongatus 89, 90 
** latipes 89, 90 
Horn, G. H., elected honorary member 
Soc. Ent. France 39 
of Stettmer Ent. Verein 78 
Hiibner’s Tortricids, date of 137 
Hydiocera humeralis 9 
es rufipes 9 
Hylotrupes ligneus 97 
Hypocephalus armatus 140, 189 
Ichthyura Brucei n. sp. 17 
Invoiuntary movement after death 56 
Janassa coloradensis n. var. 17 
*¢  Jaciniosa n. sp. 129 
Jenison, Baron, visit to, 2 
Lachnosterna futilis, swarming of 212 
ac subpruiosa I10, 112, 
(note 17) 
Lep:doptera, effect of external condi- 
lions on 40 
Leptura aliecta 8 
“ exigua 8 
«nana 8 
«  nitidiccllis 8 
«©  paupercula 8 
ruficeps 9 
“cs saucia § 
‘© similis 9 
‘© spheericollis 8 
‘¢  subargentala g 
Lestes unguiculata 18 
Leucania unipuncia 209 
Leucanium ul.z, function of 
tion of 211 
Leucartia permaculata 107 
1 ,bellula aur.pennis 18 
Licht, insects attracted to 54 
Limacodes, how best raised 220 


secre- 


GENERAL 


Limenitis populf, aberration of 56 
Lixus macer, larval habit of 200 
“sapancus, <> es 200 
Lucanus cervus. monstrosity of 19, 27 
Lyczena—see Cyaniris. 
Lycomorpha nocha n. sp. 128 
ec palmeri 167 
RS sinuata n. sp. 128 
Lygrantheecia marginata, secondary 
sexual character of 213 
Macroglossa, genitalia of 165 
Magdalis barbita 18 
i Lecontel 97 
Mating of bombyc.de 79 
Melanophila consputa 97, 98 


cc fulvoguttata 97 

cs gentilis 97 

<e longipes 97, 98 
Melanoplus spretus 177 

$s d-vasiatur 177 


Meske, Collect on of 156 
Mesites sub-ylindricus 2 0 
Meianema argillaria n. sp. 204 

eg novellata n. sp. 204 
Metrius contractus 98 
Microrhopala uniformis n. sp. 94 
Moeschler H. B., note on paper of 13 
Molorchus bimaculatus 8 
Monilema, aberration of a 136 
M onstrosities 19 
Museum at Cambrid ze; Coll. at 54 
Mycetina viltata, larva of 200 
Nadata behrensii n. sp. 49 
Nemeophila Scudderi 107 

es Selwynii 107 

Neph>pteryx Zimmermani 173 
Neoclytus conjunctus 97 
Nico heus tibialis 112 
Noctui |s at light; note on collecting 79 
Nola hyemalis n. sp. 17 
Udontota dorsalis 94, 95 

es Horni n. sp. 94 

ss lateritia n. sp. 95 

a parasiies of suturalis 117 
Orsodachna atra, synonymy of 9 
Orus 112 
Oviposition in Agrion 16 
Oxydia zonulata n. sp. 201 
Pzedisca obfuscata, larval habit of 200 

ce saligna 21o 

sf Scudderiana 210 
Pachyta rugipennis 9 
Papilio ajax, food plants of 213 

‘* asterias 159, 186 

s* asteroides 160 

«¢ hippocratus 159 

«  polyxenes 160 

« rutulus 159 
Phassus triangularis n. sp. 129 
Pity »phthorus pubipennis 97 
Platypus flavicornis 220 
Piatydema pernigrum 113 
Platysamia Cecropia; aberration of 56 





INDEX. 
! 


Platysamia polyommata 155, 160 
Pleocoma, notes on i180 

cc Behrensii 200 
Podosesia syringe 177 
Polistes sp. peculiar habit of 179 
Psyrassa, characters of 131 
Plerostichus pieipes 9 
Pulium truncatum I10, 112 (note 13) 
Pyrrhotenia Behrensii 49 


ae elda n. sp. 49 
oe fragarize 49 
“ helianthi 49 


Rhopalopus sanguinicollis 60, 156 
Rhynchilis naso 113 
Riey, C. V., Coll. of at U.S. Mus. 55 
Ripula virginaria 7. sp. 202 
Romaleum procerum 130 

Re seminitidum nr. sp. 130 

& simplicicolle 130 
Rumia unicolorana var. nov. 208 
Samia cynthia 160, 155 
Sandalus petrophya, note on 107 
Sargus triviliatus 154 

eo SvAnidismis3 
“© xanthopus 154 

Saturnia galbina, cocoon of 140 
Satyrus charon 213 
Scepris Wrizhtii n. sp. 101 
Scoliopelta n. gen. 152, 154 

rs luteipes n. sp. 154 
Scotocryptus, note on 51 
Silk Culture in the U.S. 129 
Sinodendron americanum 89g, 90 
Spalacopsis stola a g 

fs suffusa 9 
Spheeridium laeve 89, 90 

fs pallidum 8g, 90 


ss unistriaitum 89, 90 
Sphingidee, classification of 81 
i synopsis of genera 87 


Sphinx, genitalia of 165 
Sphinx separaius n. sp. 92 
Spilochalcis odontotz 117 
Stenoscelis brevis 19 
Stenosphenus sobrinus 8 
Strigoderma pimalis 110-12 (note 16) 
Stylopidee, how and when found 38 
Subula 114, 115, 153 
Sympiezus uroplate n. sp. 117 
Syntomoide, genitalia of 165 
Tenebus variolosus go 
Tetracis cavillaria n, sp. 203 

“«  edwardsata n. sp. 203 

“ _ geniculata n. sp. 204 

‘« — mellitularia n. sp. 202 

«« — morsicaria n. sp. 203 

“«  notataria n. var. 203 

««  oblentaria 203 

*«  paralleliaria 202 

“« trianguliferaria 203 
Thoracantha floridana n. sp. 96, 180 
Thyridopteryx ephemeeriformis, para- 

sites of 60 


Thyridopteryx sp. 225 


GENERAL INDEX. (ERRATA, ) 


Trichopteryx radicola 110,112 (note 14) 


Tineid a parasitic 178 Triphosa pustularia nv. sp. 50 
‘s peculiar cocoon of 212 ts badiaria n. sp. 50 
‘Yoxophora, the species of 221 Triprocris, systematic position of 227 
ee americana 222 i smithsonianus 227 
ih amphitea 222 Trogosita depressior 90 
ie tulva 222 “ mutica go 
ss leucopyge 222 “ subnigra 90 
és maxima n. sp. 223 U.S. Museum, Collections in 55 
ae pellucida n. sp, 223 ie Curator for 54, 90 
‘s virgata 222 Water beetles, note on 39 
‘Tracks of Insects resembling the im- es where to collect 16 
pression of plants 53 Xenos Peckii, where found 3 


Yrichogramma odontote n. sp. 117 


Eee Osincwas, 


Eel ds 
Beat i; 
Peen2a 
Bee25) 
Pe 27, 
eye 
E., 60, 
P. 74, 
P-) 98, 
Pa103; 
P. 117, 
Pat Iy7.5 
P. 110; 
P. 143, 
PrS5; 
P. 160, 
Ie) 19/235 
P. 188, 
P. 200, 


oe 


17, 
17, 
16, 
39, 

7: 
22) 
29, 

5: 


13,° 


9 
7; 
22, 
7 
22: 
it 


** 34 


12, 


15, 
6 


> 





Zygenide, genitalia of 165 





BA Rea: 


for bifaris, read biforis. 

for carmata, read carinata. 

for rusticalis, read verticalis. 

for Phytoconide, read Phytocorida. 

for Penlatomide, read Pentatomide. 
for Abyrodide, read Aleyrodide.. 

for The, read This, 

for given, read giving. 

for perverous, read perversus, 

for some ago, read some time ago. 

from bottom, for enclosed, read inclined. 
between is, and strikingly, insert a. 

for Onodontota, read Odontota. 

for through, read though. 

for Poldesmus, read Polydesmus. 

from bottom, for legs, read wings. 

for orizava, read orizaba. 

for Phawogmes, read Pheeogenes. 

from bottom, dele to, before ‘‘each’’. 

for J. A. Cook, read A. J. Cook. 


me ¢ 
uf 9 i ; G 














“OB-FBRI I 





WNULAIE AINE 





267 9064